氨烷基膦酸大孔螯合树脂的合成研究

本文成功地合成了二乙烯苯交联苯乙烯共聚物（St-DVB珠体）为骨架的氨烷基膦酸大孔螯合树脂。采用了两种不同的致孔剂，以悬浮聚合法制备St-DVB珠体。较详细地探讨了进行St-DVB珠体的氯甲基化、胺化、水解和烷基膦酸化等反应的条件。水解和烷基膦酸化反应采用一步法完成，反应时不加入甲醛或能产生甲醛的组分。本文所述树脂的化学交换容量≥6.0mmol/g，对饱和盐水中的钙（Ca^2 ）的饱和吸附容量≥11.0mg/g。     

硫脲盐螯合树脂的合成及其吸附性能

本文报道了一种以苯乙烯-二乙烯苯共聚物为骨架的硫脲盐螯合树脂(简称506螯合树脂)的合成方法及其特点。此树脂对贵金属离子具有优良的选择吸附性能。并且有吸附速度快,交换容量高,适用的pH范围宽,在γ射线辐照下稳定性好等优点。是中子活化分析法测定溶液中贵金属离子的优良分离富集剂。     

广西某铝母液中镓钒铝的偕胺肟螯合树脂吸附与解吸试验

广西某铝土矿浸出循环母液中富含镓、钒,为给镓的分离、回收工艺研究提供依据,研究了偕胺肟螯合树脂吸附镓、钒、铝的规律和盐酸解吸的规律。结果表明:①偕胺肟螯合树脂对镓具有较高选择性,对铝的吸附率非常低;吸附温度对树脂吸附镓、铝的影响较小,对吸附钒影响较大,钒吸附率随温度升高而增大;树脂对镓的吸附速率比钒快很多;该吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和颗粒扩散模型;镓的最优吸附条件为吸附温度25℃,吸附时间60 min。②在25℃情况下较低浓度的盐酸就能高效、快速解吸偕胺肟螯合树脂吸附的镓、铝,且受解吸温度的影响较小,钒难以解吸;提高盐酸浓度和解吸温度,盐酸对钒的解吸率明显上升;镓的最优解吸条件为盐酸浓度1.0 mol/L,解吸温度25℃,解吸时间5 min。③由于偕胺肟螯合树脂对铝土矿浸出循环母液中镓和钒的吸附率较高,且钒解吸困难,影响树脂的再生和循环利用。为了高效、低成本分离、回收镓,需在树脂吸附镓之前先采用氢氧化钠沉淀并回收原液中的钒,以尽量降低溶液的钒含量。     

木粉与硝酸铵混合物热分解动力学分析

用DSC和TG，在不同的线性升温速率下，通过对比DSC和TG曲线及热特征温度考察了分析纯硝酸铵（AN）、工业AN以及木粉与分析纯AN混合物的热分解行为，推断出了分解反应最概然机理函数和动力学方程。结果表明：AN中加入少量的木粉使热安定性显著降低。     

离子交换法回收酸性废水中铜的探索试验

试验选用多种国产树脂对铜矿峪低品位含铜浸出液进行了离子交换试验,并着重研究了料液pH值、浓度和交换流速对D850螯合树脂穿漏交换容量的影响,还研究了树脂对杂质Fe2 、Fe3 的吸附性能,及不同温度和pH值的Fe2 、Fe3 、Cu2 的解吸情况,为低浓度含铜浸出液的合理回收探索了一条新路子.     

肟类选冶药剂的合成与应用

肟类化合物具有独特的化学反应活性，可以与多种金属离子配位，具有广阔的应用前景。综述了醛肟、酮肟、羟肟酸和偕胺肟等肟类化合物的结构与性质；介绍了羧基羟肟酸、酰氨基羟肟酸、巯基肟、烯基肟、氨基偕胺肟、双偕胺肟和肟类高分子等新型多功能基肟类化合物的合成方法和传统肟类化合物的合成新方法以及它们在矿物浮选和冶金中的应用新进展。      

离子交换净化除铅

用三辛胺（代号Ｎ＿（２３５））萃取净化氯化浸出镍溶液的工艺流程中，Ｎ＿（２３５）只能净化除Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｎ、Ｚｎ，萃余液中尚含有不合格的铅。本文研究了用离子交换深度除铅的过程，选用国产环氧型弱碱性阴离子交换树脂（代号７０１），进行了吸附、再生、树脂工作交换容量测定及半工业试验净。化后氯化镍溶液含铅＜０．０００２ｇ／Ｌ，可以满足生产１￣＃电解镍新液要求。     

螯合树脂新的利用技术

螯合树脂是离子交换树脂中具有特殊功能的一种高分子化合物。问世仅二十余年,却以其对特定离子的选择性而在实验分析乃至工业生产等各方面均得到了广泛应用。螯合树脂属阳离子交换树脂,它又分为:一般重金属螯合树脂、水银专用螯合树脂及特殊选择性螯合树脂三类。螯合树脂有由N、S、O等原子组成的官能团,通过配价键有选择地与重金属形成络合物。     

拜耳循环母液镓吸附—萃取富集试验

针对拜耳循环母液回收镓过程中溶液钒、铝、硅等杂质影响后续电解高纯金属镓的纯度和电解效率等问题,采用螯合树脂吸附-酸解吸-磷酸三丁酯（TBP）萃取—反萃取工艺除杂富集镓的试验。结果表明:（1）偕胺肟螯合树脂对氧化铝循环母液中的镓具有良好的选择吸附性能,当吸附时间为60 min、吸附温度为35 ℃、吸附树脂质量4 g时,镓的吸附率达82%;酸对含镓树脂具有良好的解吸效果,1.5 mol/L的盐酸在室温10 min对镓的解吸率达72%,硅和钒基本不解吸;（2）萃取结果表明,体积分数为20%的TBP（煤油为稀释剂）在3 mol/L的盐酸体系下对解吸下来的镓进行萃取,镓的萃取可达到99%以上,铝萃取率基本为零;采用1~4 mol/L的氢氧化钠,反萃取率可达到85%~97.41%,氢氧化钠中镓浓度达5 000~6 400 mg/L,不含铝、硅、钒,实现镓的富集提纯。采用树脂吸附和萃取联合工艺,可获得高浓度含镓溶液,与现有工艺相比提高10倍,且不含钒、铝、硅等杂质,获取等质量Ga（OH）₃时明显减少酸碱用量,降低药剂成本。      

磺化煤-聚苯胺纳米复合导电材料制备研究

用磺化煤作为聚苯胺化学氧化聚合的基体和掺杂剂，采用化学氧化法，用过硫酸胺作为氧化剂，应用煤的溶胀方法，使苯胺单体进入磺化煤大子基体中，以磺化煤的纳米孔隙结构和芳层结构为模板,制备一种新型煤－聚苯胺导电纳米复合材料，研究了反应浓度，反应温度，聚合时间等因素对复合材料导电性能的影响。     

硅孔雀石浮选时螯合剂对黄药的活化作用及共吸附特性研究

用浮选试验、吸附量测定和XPS能谱等试验,研究了硅孔雀石浮选时有机整合剂对黄药捕收性能和吸附性能的影响。结果表明,用合适的亲铜有机整合剂作活化剂,硅孔雀石浮选回收率可达90%以上。有机螯合剂和黄药在硅孔雀石表面的共吸附符合Freundlich吸附方程,并且两者之间存在明显的协同—竞争作用,但以协同作用为主。有机螯合剂的高化学活性及对黄药的协同活化作用是提高黄药捕收性能的关健因素。产生协同作用的主要原因可能是在表面螯合剂和黄药与铜离子作用形成三元混配型配合物。     

SAPP提铀螯合树脂的耐氯性能测试

研究了苯乙烯-二乙烯苯骨架氨基磷酸酯功能基树脂(SAPP)对铀吸附性能、耐氯性能、对钙和铁离子的耐受性能以及淋洗性能,并对树脂功能基与铀的作用机制进行了分析。研究表明:当铀溶液中ρ(Cl~-)为25.0g/L时,每克干树脂对铀的吸附容量140mg;树脂对钙离子也表现出了较好的耐受性;在ρ(Fe~(3+))为1.0g/L时,每克干树脂对铀的吸附容量50 mg。此外,动态吸附试验证实该树脂对铀的吸附速率较快;可采用60g/L NaHCO_3+20g/L Na_2CO_3组成的混合淋洗剂对吸附饱和的SAPP树脂进行淋洗。     

Indium adsorption onto ion exchange polymeric resins

Experimental results for indium adsorption onto some ion exchange resins of different organic functional groups are presented. The following resins were tested: Ionac^® SR-5 and Ionac^® SR-12 (Sybron Chemicals), S950 (Purolite Company) and Amberlite^® IR-120P (Rohm&Haas, Brazil). The indium concentration in the aqueous solution was based on a typical indium sulfate leach liquor obtained from a zinc hydrometallurgical processing route of a Brazilian plant and treated with solvent extraction for some impurities removal. The performance of the resin was based on the indium adsorption loading capacity and its selectivity concerning iron as a typical impurity present in the solution. Some parameters, such as initial pH and volume of the aqueous feed solution and contact time were studied. Batch tests were carried out. The experimental results allowed to select the chelating resin containing iminodiacetic acid groups with high potential for purification of the indium sulfate solution.     

Comparative study of chelating ion exchange resins for metal recovery from bioleaching of nickel laterite ores

Heterotrophic fungi and their metabolic products have been used in extracting nickel and cobalt from low grade nickel lateritic ores. This study compared the potential of two commercial chelating resins based on iminodiacetate and aminophosphonate functional groups (Purolite S930 and S950) in recovering nickel and cobalt from pregnant bioleaching solutions. The sorption characteristics of these resins were examined using various metal concentrations (from 15 to 2000 mg/L), chelating agents including citric, dl-malic and lactic acids, and solution pH. The solution pH was varied by preparing metal solutions using 0.01 and 0.1 M of organic acids. Metals were recovered from loaded resins using 2 M HNO₃. To interpret the sorption behavior of the resins, the adsorption data were fitted to the Freundlich and Langmuir models. The results showed both nickel and cobalt organic complexes adsorptions were in a good agreement with the two empirical models suggesting that the adsorption mechanisms follow a combination of monolayer and multilayer. The adsorption performance of the aminophosphonate based resin (Purolite S950) was found to exceed that of the Purolite S930. Favourable adsorptions of nickel and cobalt complexes were achieved in weakly acidic solution. Purolite S950 also showed higher selectivity toward nickel and cobalt complexes compared to Purolite S930. The desorption efficiencies from Purolite S950 were about 90% for nickel and from 82% to 98% for cobalt.     

Separation of copper and zinc from waste acidic mine effluents of Rio Tinto area

A study of removal of Copper and Zinc from acidic mine effluents by means of chelating ion exchange resins has been carried out. The effluents having pH ranging from 1.7 to 1.9, contain mainly iron, copper and zinc and some other elements at much lower concentrations. The study includes chemical characterisation of effluents samples, the assessment of chelating resins and their selectivity for the separation of copper and zinc. Chelating resins containing either carboxylic, phosphoric or/and amine groups have been employed. The results obtained are correlated to the specific metal-complexing group attached to the polymer matrix. Resins containing carboxylate groups were found to provide most selective copper/zinc separations. A conceptual flowsheet of the separation process based on the data obtained for treating the effluents with different resins is presented.     

膨润土/丙烯酸聚合物吸水保水剂合成及性能研究

对膨润土/丙烯酸聚合物复合吸水保水剂研究结果表明,膨润土/丙烯酸吸水保水剂的最佳制备条件为:交联剂、膨润土、引发剂用量分别占单体质量的0.05%、15%、0.45%,反应温度为75℃,中和度为90%;在最佳条件下制备的膨润土/丙烯酸吸水保水剂的饱和吸蒸馏水倍率最高为796g/g;保水剂在室温下(25℃,湿度为77%)24h的水分蒸发量小于9%,而在60℃的水浴锅中10h水分蒸发99.72%;在转速4000r/min下离心10min保水率为57.4%,不同离心转速下,保水能力差异较小,该保水剂有较好的吸水保水性能,可广泛用于荒漠治理.