ZnS量子点/纤维素复合材料的制备及光催化性能

采用硝酸锌和硫化钠为原料,通过水热法制备ZnS量子点的过程中同步负载于纤维素纤维上,得到具有优良性能的光催化纤维素纤维。探究了前驱体溶液浓度、水热温度、水热时间等对量子点纤维素材料的荧光强度、量子点负载率及光催化性能的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件为:Zn⁽²⁺⁾浓度为75 mmol/L,反应温度180℃,反应时间12 h。在此条件下,ZnS量子点的负载率为9.4%。浓度10 mg/L的甲基橙(MO)模型污染物,量子点纤维素材料添加量2.5 g/L,以紫外灯(λ=365 nm)为光源,30 min内其光催化降解效率可达到83%。量子点纤维素材料具有良好的循环使用性能,经循环使用5次后,30 min内甲基橙的光催化降解率仍可达到59%。     

碳量子点修饰的低密度聚乙烯薄膜的制备及光催化性能研究

文章分别采用水热法制备碳量子点(CQDs)、沉淀法制备磷酸银(Ag₃PO₄)和浇铸成型法制备得到低密度聚乙烯/磷酸银/碳量子点(LDPE/Ag₃PO₄/CQDs)复合材料,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、氮气等温吸附(BET)和紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等手段对复合材料进行表征,并考察其光催化降解四环素的性能。结果表明：Ag₃PO₄/CQDs粒子能够均匀分散在LDPE薄膜上,当Ag₃PO₄/CQDs的质量分数为20%时,光催化降解四环素的效果最佳。在350 W氙弧灯照射下,当溶液初始质量浓度为40 mg/L,pH值为7时,采用140 cm²的LDPE/Ag3PO4/CQDs-2催化剂,溶液中四环素的降解率可达到63.91%。     

碳量子点修饰g-C3N4/SnO2复合材料光催化性能

以四氯化锡五水合物、乙二醇和氨水为原料,在微波辅助水热条件下快速合成氧化锡纳米颗粒,以尿素 为前体在马弗炉中退火得到g-C₃N₄,使用柠檬酸和乙二胺为原料水热合成碳量子点。室温下,将碳量子点/ g-C₃N₄/SnO₂在通风橱中进行搅拌得到碳量子点负载的氮化碳/氧化锡复合材料。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）、 X射线衍射（XRD）、氮气吸附-解吸等温线（BET）、紫外-可见分光光度计（UV-vis）、电子自旋（顺磁）共振波谱仪（ESR）对复合材料的形貌、结构特征、吸光度和光催化过程中的活性物质等进行表征和分析,并通过在紫外光下降解罗丹明B（RhB）测试样品的光催化性能。试验结果表明,紫外-可见分光光谱吸收边缘的红移说明碳量子点负载后能提高复合材料在可见光区域的响应,光催化试验表明碳量子点负载能提高g-C₃N₄/SnO₂复合材料的光催化性能,当碳量子点负载量为7%时复合材料的降解效率最高,在3h内对RhB的降解效率为97%。此外,微波辅助水热法能在短时间内大量合成氧化锡纳米颗粒,且氧化锡纳米颗粒具有较小的晶粒尺寸（8.5nm）,可以高效制备并应用于环保领域。     

碳量子点的制备及其光催化性能

以高温煤焦油沥青的甲苯可溶物为碳源,采用绿色工艺(H₂O₂化学氧化法)制备碳量子点(CQDs),并以水热沉积法与TiO₂制备复合催化剂,采用TEM、FTIR、XPS、XRD和UV-Vis等技术对二者形貌和结构进行表征,探究复合催化剂光催化降解亚甲基蓝的效果。结果表明,所制备CQDs平均粒径为1.33 nm,含有羟基和羧基等官能团,水溶性较好,荧光量子产率为4.52%。CQDs/TiO₂复合催化剂2 h内对亚甲基蓝(MB)降解效率可达到82.7%,显著优于纯TiO₂(25.4%)。     

CdSe与CdSe/ZnS核壳型量子点的制备方法与展望

CdSe及CdSe/ZnS量子点具有特殊的发光性质性质,它们在生物荧光探针、生物芯片、激光器、光电子器件和光催化等领域具有广泛的应用,现在越来越多的研究者更加关注它们在生命科学研究中起到得定性和定量标识生物分子和细胞作用。本文对几种制备CdSe及CdSe/ZnS量子点的方法进行了简单的综述,分别介绍了CdSe的水相、有机相以及绿色合成法,CdSe/ZnS量子点的热注入有机金属法和水相合成法,对这几种方法的优缺点进行了概述,并对其前景做了展望。     

核壳式CdSe/ZnS量子点对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的快速高灵敏荧光测定

用水热反应法制备了核壳式CdSe/ZnS量子点并用透射电镜进行形貌表征,将该量子点作为荧光探针,基于邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)的荧光增强效应,建立了一种快速测定DBP的方法。在最优条件(pH7.0,反应时间15 min,水作溶剂)下,DBP对CdSe/ZnS量子点的荧光增强作用最显著,在1.0～20.0μg/L范围内荧光信号强度与DBP浓度的对数呈线性关系,检出限为0.21μg/L,相关系数R²为0.99。该方法可用于白酒中DBP的含量测定,与现有标准方法GC-MS比较,具有高的检测灵敏度和准确性。     

CQDs/TiO2二元复合材料的制备及光催化性能研究

以柠檬酸、硫脲、尿素等廉价易得的药品为原料,采用水热法制备了3种不同荧光性能的碳量子点CQDs(绿色荧光碳量子点GCQDs、蓝色荧光碳量子点BCQDs、红色荧光碳量子点RCQDs);同时采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米TiO₂,然后通过物理法制备了3种二元复合光催化剂GCQDs/Ti O₂、BCQDs/TiO₂、RCQDs/TiO₂。采用FTIR、PL、XRD、BET等表征方法对产品进行了结构性能表征。通过紫外光谱分析,探究了Ti O₂和3种二元复合材料对次甲基蓝溶液的催化降解性能。光催化实验结果表明,纳米TiO₂在日光照射下10min对次甲基蓝的降解率为42.2%;GCQDs/TiO₂、BCQDs/TiO₂、RCQDs/TiO₂在日光照射下10min对次甲基蓝溶液的降解率分别为73.13%、46.82%、50.82%;3种二元复合材料的催化降解性能均优于纯TiO₂,其中GC...     

量子点ZnO/PEMA复合材料的制备及光学性能研究

以过硫酸钾为引发剂,3-(异丁烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷为偶联剂,在甲基丙烯酸乙酯和甲基丙烯酸发生共聚的同时,将ZnO纳米粒子负载到聚合物上得到量子点ZnO/共轭聚合物复合材料。采用电镜(TEM和SEM)、红外光谱(IR)、紫外可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱(PL)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)等方法表征复合材料的结构、形貌和光学特性。结果表明该法制备的无机/有机纳米复合材料不是简单的物理共混,聚合物表面与纳米ZnO之间存在分子间的作用力,纳米ZnO的加入增强了聚合物的吸光强度,并且使ZnO的吸收光谱发生了蓝移,聚合物的热分解反应速度加快。     

ZnO量子点/硅橡胶复合材料的制备及光学性能研究

采用乙烯基乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(A151)对ZnO量子点进行改性并制备成ZnO-A量子点,将ZnO-A量子点加入硅橡胶中制备得到ZnO-A/硅橡胶(S)纳米复合材料。采用红外及透射电镜(TEM)对ZnO-A进行性能分析,并通过TEM对复合材料的界面性能进行研究,最终研究了纳米复合材料的紫外-可见光透过率、荧光性能及介电常数。结果表明A151改性能有利于量子点在硅橡胶中的分散,增强了量子点与硅橡胶之间的相容性,该方法改善了纳米复合材料的可见光透过率及荧光性能。     

金属卤化物钙钛矿量子点的制备及其光催化应用研究进展

利用太阳能光催化技术生产清洁燃料、降解污染物及转化高附加值产品,是解决当前能源短缺和环境污染问题的有效途径。随着对金属卤化物钙钛矿的深入研究,成功开发出一系列能够制备出成分和形貌控制精确、产物均匀性好、结晶度高的钙钛矿量子点的合成方法,使钙钛矿量子点应用到光催化领域中。综述了热注入法、配体辅助再沉淀法、溶剂热法、微波辅助法等金属卤化物钙钛矿量子点的合成方法及金属卤化物钙钛矿量子点在光催化析氢、光催化还原二氧化碳、光催化合成有机物以及光催化降解有机物等方面的研究进展,最后对金属卤化物钙钛矿光催化剂的发展前景进行了展望。     

Preparation and visible light photocatalytic activity of carbon quantum dots/TiO2 nanosheet composites

Carbon quantum dots (C QDs)/TiO₂ nanosheet (TNS) composites were prepared by a simple low temperature process in which TNS were dispersed in C QDs solution, and dried at 60 °C. The C QDs/TNS composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM. The results indicated that C QDs were well combined with TNS through surface carbon–oxygen groups. The photocatalytic activity was investigated by degradation of rhodamine B under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of C QDs/TNS composites was significantly enhanced compared with that of C QDs/P25 composites and pure TNS, which indicated that the unique up-converted photoluminescence behavior of C QDs and highly reactive {0 0 1} facets of TNS both played important roles in the enhancement of photocatalytic activity of C QDs/TNS composites.     

Electrospinning of fluorescent fibers from CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in cellulose triacetate

Fluorescent cellulose triacetate (CTA) fibers were prepared by electrospinning solutions of CTA dissolved in an 8 : 2 v/v cosolvent system of methylene chloride (MC) and methanol (MeOH) which contained CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). The relatively low loading of colloidal nanoparticles was sufficient to impart fluorescence to the fibers but did not significantly alter fiber morphologies, which tended toward smooth surfaces with the occasional longitudinal feature. The fibers were birefringent due to the alignment of the polymer chains which occurred during electrospinning and had widths on the order of a hundred nanometers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Preparation and characterization of silicone resin nanocomposite containing CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

We report the preparation of the core/shell cadmium selenide/Zinc sulfide quantum dots (CdSe/ZnS QDs)‐silicone resin nanocomposite through the solution‐mixing method, followed by thermal hydrosilylation. After dispersing QDs into Dow Corning two‐component silicone resins (OE6630A and OE6630B at 1:4 mixing ratio by weight), the resins were cured at 150°C for 1.5 h to produce QD‐silicone resin nanocomposites. The curing behavior of the silicone resins resulting from the thermal hydrosilylation was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The properties of the QD‐silicone resin nanocomposites were investigated by ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), fluorescence, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements. The QDs that contain trioctylamine (TOA) as the original ligand can poison the Pt catalyst in the resins and inhibit the curing process by increasing the exothermic peak temperature, at which a lower heat of hydrosilylation is observed. Incorporating a small amount of CdSe/ZnS QDs (0.1 wt%) can greatly improve the thermal stability of the silicone resins. Moreover, CdSe/ZnS QDs tend to form clusters that are relatively homogeneously distributed in a cured silicone resin, offering good optical properties of 11.2 lm W⁻¹ luminous efficiency and 14.6% photoluminescence conversion efficiency (PCE) in light emitting device (LED) test. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Terbium-doped ZnS quantum dots: Structural,morphological, optical,photoluminescence, and photocatalytic properties

Terbium (0, 2, and 4?at%)-doped ZnS quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized via a solvothermal method. The crystal structures of the synthesized QDs were determined to be zinc blend by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Raman analyses. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies revealed that particles with a mean size of 2–4?nm were formed. An X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS) examination disclosed the existence of terbium with a trivalent state in the ZnS host lattice. The absorption bands of all QDs were located around 325?nm (3.81?eV) and were higher than that of the bulk ZnS band gap (3.67?eV), consistent with the quantum confinement effect. The photoluminescence spectra of the terbium-doped samples displayed five emission peaks at 467?nm (⁵D₄→⁷F₃), 491?nm (⁵D₄ → ⁷F₆), 460?nm (⁵D₄ – ⁷F₅), 484?nm (⁵D₄ – ⁷F₄), and 530?nm (⁵D₄ – ⁷F₃), respectively. The terbium-doped QDs exhibited a higher photocatalytic activity during the degradation of crystal violet dye under UV-light illumination compared to the undoped ZnS QDs. These interesting properties of terbium-doped ZnS QDs are potentially useful for both luminescent and photocatalysis applications.     

煤基碳量子点/氮化碳复合材料制备及其光催化还原CO2性能

以太西无烟煤为原料,采用化学氧化法制备煤基碳量子点(C-CQDs),进一步以C-CQDs和尿素为前体,原位复合制备得到煤基碳量子点/氮化碳(C-CQDs/g-C₃N₄)复合材料。采用TEM、XRD、FT-IR、UV-Vis、PL等手段对样品结构性能进行了表征和分析,进而考察了其在光催化还原CO₂合成甲醇过程的催化性能。研究表明：C-CQDs均匀地负载在g-C₃N₄的表面,且掺杂适量的C-CQDs有利于提高C-CQDs/g-C₃N₄的光催化活性,当可见光照12 h时,其光催化还原CO₂甲醇产量最高可达28.69 μmol/(g cat),约为相同条件下纯石墨相g-C₃N₄作用时甲醇产量的2.2倍。     

Preparation of controlled-shape ZnS microcrystals and photocatalytic property

ZnS microcrystals with various shapes, including polyhedron, fan-shaped sheet, hexagonal rectangle and missing angle rectangle, were successfully prepared using a simple hydrothermal method by changing the experimental conditions. The as-obtained ZnS samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activities of the ZnS microcrystals with different morphologies were investigated by degradation testing of methylene blue aqueous solution. The highest photodegradation rate of methylene blue over the polyhedron-shaped ZnS reached up to almost 100%. The photodegradation efficiencies under various conditions, including amount of catalyst, pH of aqueous solution and initial concentration of methylene blue, were studied in the presence of polyhedron-shaped ZnS. The polyhedron-shaped ZnS microcrystal can thus be utilized as a promising photocatalyst for photodegrading dyes in wastewater treatment.     

半导体纳米晶体制备及应用进展

综述了量子点的制备及应用进展     

Fabrication of amido group functionalized carbon quantum dots and its transparent luminescent epoxy matrix composites

Functional amido groups are modified onto the surface of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) in order to provide reactive groups. The modified CQDs are subsequently added into amine cured epoxy resin system. After curing reaction, transparent and luminescent composites are obtained. The modified CQDs are denoted as CQDs@NH₂, and composites studied in this article are denoted as CQDs@NH₂/epoxy. It is found that the dispersion of CQDs@NH₂ in epoxy matrix is effectively improved with the bridge of covalent bonding interface. As a result, the homogenously dispersed CQDs@NH₂ reduce light scattering. And more than double increased transparency and eightfold enhanced luminescence of CQDs@NH₂/epoxy are obtained compared with original CQDs@COONa/epoxy composites. This composite has potential for encapsulating materials in white light‐emitting diodes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42667.     

Fluorescent thermostable crosslinked poly(dodecylmethacrylate) composites based on porous polyethylene and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

Hybrid fluorescent polymer–inorganic nanoparticle composites have a broad set of valuable properties that allow them to be considered promising materials for photonics and photovoltaics. The design and methods of preparation of these composites are among the most critical topics of modern materials science. In this work, we have developed an approach to the preparation of composite polymer films with bright fluorescence and high thermostability. These composite films are based on a porous polyethylene (PE) matrix, the pores of which are filled by crosslinked poly(dodecylmethacrylate) and CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs). The composites obtained are transparent in the visible spectral region and are able to withstand heating to high temperature and a considerable mechanical stress without loss of this property. These QD–PE composite films contain QDs in a high concentration and display very bright fluorescence, while they retain the mechanical properties of the initial porous PE film. Thus, the developed approach makes it possible to obtain composite materials combining the advantageous properties of PE and QDs without appreciable loss of individual component characteristics. A novel approach to the preparation of fluorescence composite polymer films, which have transparency, dimensional thermostability and resistance to mechanical stress, has been developed. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry