中孔炭对葡萄叶中白藜芦醇静态吸附性能的研究

本研究以中孔炭为吸附材料,吸附葡萄叶中的白藜芦醇。通过静态吸附实验,研究其吸附机理。结果表明,Langmuir和Freundlich方程均可以较好地表述中孔炭对白藜芦醇的吸附;中孔炭对白藜芦醇的吸附符合二级动力学模型(R²>0.99),外扩散和粒子内扩散共同控制吸附过程;中孔炭对白藜芦醇的吸附是自发进行的吸热反应(ΔH<0,ΔG<0),且混乱度增加(ΔS>0)。研究为中孔炭在白藜芦醇的纯化应用方面提供了理论依据,以期为吸附法纯化白藜芦醇提供新的吸附剂。     

载金属离子的介孔炭对噻吩吸附性能的研究

采用模板法制备了介孔炭,并利用浸渍法将金属离子Ni^2＋、Co^2＋负载在该介孔材料上。研究了不同吸附剂、温度和浓度对吸附的影响。结果表明,介孔炭负载Ni^2＋或Co^2＋比13X负载Ni^2＋脱硫效果好,Ni^2＋／介孔炭比Co^2＋／介孔炭脱硫效果好。当负载Ni^2＋的量为10％,温度为20℃时,介孔炭的脱硫效果最好。     

中孔炭材料的制备及吸附性能的研究

以正硅酸乙酯为模板硅源，酚醛树脂为炭前驱体，运用模板法制备了中孔炭材料。并用红外光谱（FT—IR）、扫描电镜（SEM）、低温N2自动吸附、甲醛和VB12饱和吸附等对样品形貌、孔结构和吸附性能进行了研究。结果表明：制备的炭材料孔径集中分布在2-7nm左右，且中孔孔隙率达到74．6％，比表面积达到1012m^2／g；材料对VB12大分子有较好的吸附性能。表明通过控制正硅酸乙酯的水解条件能制备孔径集中的中孔炭材料。     

多级介孔炭对刚果红染料吸附性能的研究

以商业硅胶为模板,采用硬模板法制备了多级介孔炭,并研究了其对水溶液中刚果红染料的吸附性能.研究结果表明制备的多级介孔炭具有高比表面,大孔容和集中孔径分布以及高效吸附脱除刚果红染料的性能.多级介孔炭对水溶液中刚果红的吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附模型,且在45℃具有最大吸附量,为446.89mg·g-1.吸附动力学研究表明动力学数据遵循拟二级动力学模型.热力学研究发现,在25～45℃内,刚果红在多级介孔炭上的吸附行为时吸热过程,且是自发进行的.     

介孔炭CMK-3吸附剂对噻吩类硫化物的吸附性能

研究了采用硬模板法制备的介孔炭CMK-3吸附剂对模拟油中噻吩(TS)、苯并噻吩(BT)及二苯并噻吩(DBT)的吸附性能。采用X射线衍射、氮气吸附-脱附及透射电子显微镜对介孔炭CMK-3吸附剂进行了表征。结果表明,介孔炭CMK-3具有有序的孔道结构,比表面积、平均孔直径和平均孔容分别为1 232 m²/g、4.878 nm和1.502 cm2/g、4.878 nm和1.502 cm³/g。同时探讨了介孔炭CMK-3对TS、BT及DBT的吸附动力学和热力学规律。结果表明,与Freundlich吸附等温模型相比,CMK-3吸附剂对TS、BT及DBT的吸附等温线更符合Langmuir吸附等温模型;吸附为放热过程,CMK-3对TS、BT及DBT的吸附焓变分别为-11.53,-19.74,-26.10 k J/mol。CMK-3吸附剂对TS、BT及DBT的吸附符合二级动力学模型,吸附活化能分别为37.53,34.42,47.67 k J/mol。     

介孔炭CMK-3吸附剂对噻吩类硫化物的吸附性能

研究了采用硬模板法制备的介孔炭CMK-3吸附剂对模拟油中噻吩(TS)、苯并噻吩(BT)及二苯并噻吩(DBT)的吸附性能。采用X射线衍射、氮气吸附-脱附及透射电子显微镜对介孔炭CMK-3吸附剂进行了表征。结果表明,介孔炭CMK-3具有有序的孔道结构,比表面积、平均孔直径和平均孔容分别为1 232 m~2/g、4.878 nm和1.502 cm~3/g。同时探讨了介孔炭CMK-3对TS、BT及DBT的吸附动力学和热力学规律。结果表明,与Freundlich吸附等温模型相比,CMK-3吸附剂对TS、BT及DBT的吸附等温线更符合Langmuir吸附等温模型;吸附为放热过程,CMK-3对TS、BT及DBT的吸附焓变分别为-11.53,-19.74,-26.10 k J/mol。CMK-3吸附剂对TS、BT及DBT的吸附符合二级动力学模型,吸附活化能分别为37.53,34.42,47.67 k J/mol。     

活性炭配炭的吸附性能及其与孔结构的关系

采制11种典型水处理用商品活性炭样品,两两混合进行配炭,对配炭组分及配炭的碘值、亚甲蓝值、丹宁酸值和焦糖脱色率等吸附性能指标及孔结构特征进行了测试和表征。采用加权平均拟合、线性拟合及多项式拟合等方法,研究配炭吸附性能指标与配炭组分吸附性能指标间的量化关系,关联活性炭孔结构与吸附性能指标。结果表明：活性炭配炭的吸附性能指标可由配炭组分的吸附性能指标通过加权平均计算,相对误差<4%,且配炭的孔结构也具备加和性;活性炭碘值、亚甲蓝值、丹宁酸值和焦糖脱色率的大小分别取决于活性炭1.0~2.8nm、1.5~10nm、2.0~50nm和3.0~50nm孔隙的发达程度,与孔容积的线性相关系数介于0.91~0.94。     

LS-303B大孔树脂吸附白藜芦醇的研究

研究了LS-303B大孔吸附树脂对白藜芦醇的吸附性能。结果表明,pH2~8范围内,LS-303B大孔吸附树脂对白藜芦醇具有良好的吸附性能,实验条件下,静态吸附平衡时间60 min。等温吸附符合傅劳因德利希(Freundlich)和朗格缪尔(Langmuir)方程,吸附过程为自发热力学放热过程。柱长5.0 cm,内径1.0 cm,内装3.00 g LS-303B树脂的吸附柱,对流速为5.0 mL/min,浓度为20μg/mL白藜芦醇溶液(50 mL)的吸附率为99.45%,吸附的白藜芦醇用80%的乙醇溶液可以完全洗脱。     

有序介孔炭吸附萘的研究

采用溶剂挥发诱导自组装合成了有序介孔炭(OMC).XRD和N2吸附测试表明,OMC具有有序的二维六方结构,平均孔径为3.4 nm,比表面积为504.9 m2·g-1,介孔率为67.6%.研究了OMC对萘的吸附机理,萘在OMC表面的吸附等温线表明,OMC对萘的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温规律.由Vant Hoff方程计算得出OMC对萘的吸附焓变为-24.83 kJ·mol-1,说明吸附为放热过程,推测其吸附机理为氢键作用力.红外光谱分析进一步证明,萘与OMC表面之间主要以氢键作用产生吸附.吸附温度的升高使-OH伸缩振动峰的红移程度减小,氢键缔合作用力减弱,这可能是导致温度升高时OMC的萘平衡吸附量减小的主要原因.     

松木层孔菌生物炭的制备及其对甲基橙的吸附性能

以松木层孔菌菌渣为原料制备生物炭,并将其应用于甲基橙水溶液的吸附.研究了生物炭用量、吸附温度、吸附时间和超声功率对松木层孔菌生物炭吸附性能的影响,并通过热重分析、比表面积及孔径分析和傅里叶红外光谱分析揭示了松木层孔菌生物炭吸附性能与其结构的关系.结果表明:在超声辅助作用下,生物炭用量对松木层孔菌生物炭吸附甲基橙效果的影...     

有序介孔碳和活性炭对阿莫西林的吸附研究

阿莫西林是废水中一类典型的药品与个人护理品类新型有机污染物,会对周围环境和人体健康造成潜在威胁。以蔗糖为碳源、以SBA-15为模板制备有序介孔碳（OMC）。采用动态吸附法研究其对阿莫西林的吸附行为,并与常规吸附材料商用活性炭（GAC）作对比。探讨了废水中阿莫西林的初始浓度、温度及流速对动态吸附的影响。结果表明：在同等条件下,OMC的吸附能力远强于GAC,以OMC为吸附剂可有效去除废水中的阿莫西林类新型有机污染物。     

介孔炭的改性及其吸附脱硫选择性研究

用4种方法(浓硝酸、磷酸、双氧水、350℃焙烧)对介孔炭进行改性,并考察改性后的介孔炭在4种不同成分的模拟油中的吸附脱硫性能。对于仅含有芳烃或烯烃以及芳烃和烯烃均含有的模拟油,改性介孔炭的脱硫能力与未改性的介孔炭相比均有不同程度的下降。浓硝酸改性的介孔炭在仅含饱和烃的模拟油中的吸附脱硫性能优于其它方法;350℃焙烧处理的介孔炭与未改性的介孔炭在芳烃和烯烃均含有的模拟油中的吸附脱硫性能优于其它方法。考察了在350℃焙烧及浓硝酸处理后的介孔炭在不同温度下的脱附性能。结果表明,350℃焙烧处理的介孔炭在90℃下脱附率能达到66.91%。     

介孔炭的改性及其吸附脱硫选择性研究

用4种方法(浓硝酸、磷酸、双氧水、350℃焙烧)对介孔炭进行改性,并考察改性后的介孔炭在4种不同成分的模拟油中的吸附脱硫性能。对于仅含有芳烃或烯烃以及芳烃和烯烃均含有的模拟油,改性介孔炭的脱硫能力与未改性的介孔炭相比均有不同程度的下降。浓硝酸改性的介孔炭在仅含饱和烃的模拟油中的吸附脱硫性能优于其它方法;350℃焙烧处理的介孔炭与未改性的介孔炭在芳烃和烯烃均含有的模拟油中的吸附脱硫性能优于其它方法。考察了在350℃焙烧及浓硝酸处理后的介孔炭在不同温度下的脱附性能。结果表明,350℃焙烧处理的介孔炭在90℃下脱附率能达到66.91%。     

A wormhole-structured mesoporous carbon with superior adsorption for dyes

A series of large-pore mesoporous carbon materials with a three-dimensional wormhole framework structure were synthesized by nanocasting using mesoporous silica as a hard template. Samples of hard-template mesoporous silica with pore diameters from 3.08 to 6.43 nm, pore volumes from 0.59 to 1.02 cm³ g⁻¹ and surface areas from 832 to 579 m² g⁻¹ were prepared from tetraethyl orthosilicate as the silica source and ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide as structure-directing agent through hydrothermal treatment at different temperatures (110–150 °C) followed by calcining at 550 °C. Subsequently, carbon materials with large pore diameters (2.76–6.70 nm), pore volumes (0.74–2.10 cm³ g⁻¹) and high surface areas (1074–1276 m² g⁻¹) were synthesized using the various mesoporous silicas synthesized at the different hydrothermal temperatures as a hard-template. The carbon material obtained at a hydrothermal temperature of 150 °C possesses outstanding adsorbility for amaranth and methylene blue dyes.     

Selective silver ion adsorption onto mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride

A 3D cubic structure of mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (3D-g-CN) was fabricated by nano casting using the mesoporous silica hard template KIT-6. The abundant intrinsic amine functionalities of 3D-g-CN were applied as a selective adsorbent for silver ions using the unique affinity of silver and amine functionalities. The large surface area of 3D-g-CN resulted in increased amine functionalities at the surface and enabled it to form complexes with silver ions. As a result, almost 400 mg/g of silver ion could be removed from 100 mM of initial solution at 293.15 K. The isotherm of silver ion adsorption onto 3D-g-CN was described by the Freundlich and Sips models and indicated heterogeneity of the adsorbent surface. Thermodynamic parameters determined from temperature dependent isotherms were verified by the endothermic silver ion adsorption process of 3D-g-CN. The adsorption capacity of silver ion on 3D-g-CN was maintained during several reuses without a significant decrease in capacity. Overall, the results indicate that 3D-g-CN has intrinsic amine functional groups with a large surface area and could therefore be utilized as an efficient selective adsorbent of silver ions for water purification.     

Synthesis of bimodal mesoporous carbon nanospheres for methyl orange adsorption

Mesoporous materials with bimodal mesopores show advantages in adsorption, energy storage, and catalysis because such unique structures are beneficial to the mass transfer. Here, we describe the synthesis of bimodal mesoporous carbon nanospheres (BMCSs) by using phenolic resin as carbon precursor, triblock copolymer Pluronic F127 as the soft template, and mesoporous silica spheres as hard templates. The BMCSs with uniform spherical morphology, high specific surface area (1489 m² g^??1), large pore volume (0.92 cm³ g^??1), and bimodal mesoporous structure (3.8 and 6.8 nm) exhibit promising properties for adsorption of methyl orange (MO). The maximum adsorption capacity of the BMCSs is 5.5?×?10² ± 0.2?×?10² mg g^??1, which is higher than that of many adsorbents reported. The kinetics studies show a better fit of pseudo-second-order model. Meanwhile, fitting equilibrium data show that the Langmuir model is more suitable to describe the MO adsorption than Freundlich model.     

Synthesis of mesoporous carbon and its adsorption property to biomolecules

Mesoporous carbon (MC) with high surface area and large pore volume was synthesized using mesophase pitch as a carbon precursor and nanosized MgO as an additive. The maximum surface area, largest pore volume and highest mesoporous ratio of as-prepared MC were up to 1400 m²/g, 2.8 cm³/g and 89%, respectively. The mesoporous structures (3–40 nm) of MC were directly observed under SEM and TEM. The adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of MC to vitamin B₁₂ (VB), chicken egg white albumin (CEWA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were proportional to the mesopore volume and average pore size. MC (PM4-OC) exhibited the maximum adsorption capacity to the typical biomolecules, 486, 140 and 176 mg/g for VB, CEWA and BSA, respectively. In contrast, Maxsorbs (commercial activated carbons) with a surprising surface area gave a very low adsorption to such biomolecules. The research indicates that MC may be potential in the selective adsorption and separation of biomolecules, based on a molecule sieve effect.     

新型介孔碳的制备及对罗丹明B的吸附动力学研究

采用SBA-15氧化硅分子筛为模板制备有序介孔碳CMK-3,研究了CMK-3作为吸附剂在水溶液中对罗丹明B的吸附作用,同时研究了初始浓度、pH和温度对吸附的影响.结果表明随着初始浓度的增大、pH增加和温度升高,吸附量增大,但是在较低的pH下,吸附量增加的较小,当pH较高时,吸附量增加的较多.分别采用拟一级反应和拟二级反应模型考察了吸附动力学,并计算了这些动力学模型的速率常数.拟二级反应模型和实验数据之间有较好的相关性.     

超声波法从葡萄穗轴废渣中提取白藜芦醇

对用超声波法从葡萄穗轴废渣中提取白藜芦醇的工艺进行了研究。用薄层层析法分离后,用紫外分光光度计测定吸光度,得出白藜芦醇的提取率。考察了不同提取时间、温度、占空比、固液比对白藜芦醇提取率的影响,通过单因素实验和正交实验确定了最佳提取条件：提取剂为体积分数60%的乙醇,超声作用时间为6 min,占空比1∶2,提取温度为70 ℃,固液比为m(葡萄穗轴废渣质量):m(乙醇溶液质量)＝1∶13,白藜芦醇一次提取率达0.33%。