中低温煤焦油的加工利用现状

介绍了中低温煤焦油的物性和组成,综述了目前中低温煤焦油的加工生产路线,重点讲述了精细化工、加氢和生产沥青路线。对各种工艺的关键技术进行了分析,提出了中低温煤焦油加工利用今后应注意的3点方向:改进煤焦油分离工艺,提高精细化工产品附加值;提高催化剂效率,降低生产成本;提高沥青组分的利用率。     

煤焦油加工技术进展及工业化现状

研究了煤焦油的性质、组成、加工利用机理、加工工艺存在的问题等。指出高温煤焦油传统深加工今后工作重点是增加产品品种,提高产品质量。高温煤焦油加工利用的重点在于开发高活性催化剂,提高加氢转化率和燃料油回收率;中低温煤焦油加工利用以生产燃料油或燃料-化工型路线为主,后者为其产业化方向。     

中低温煤焦油梯级利用技术研究进展

中低温煤焦油是一种十分复杂的混合物,其中含有大量的酚类、链烷烃以及芳香烃等化合物。针对中低温煤焦油理化性质特点,围绕煤焦油轻质馏分油提酚走精细化工路线,煤焦油重馏分油固定床加氢、悬浮床加氢、沸腾床加氢生产清洁燃料油路线研究现状、技术特点及工业应用情况等进行了系统阐述,提出要不断拓展煤焦油分级、分质利用途径,实现煤焦油高效转化、清洁利用和高值化利用,延伸煤焦油产业链,进而提升煤焦油加工技术水平和经济效益。     

煤焦油深加工现状和发展方向

介绍了煤焦油的来源、分类、组成、用途等,简述了当前煤焦油加工产业现状,详细分析了高温煤焦油和中低温煤焦油的主要加工工艺和研究进展。我国煤焦油加工产业已基本形成规模化效应,高温煤焦油深加工以高附加值产品提取为主;中低温煤焦油加工以加氢精制为主,产品提取为辅;分析认为燃料-润滑油-化工型路线是中低温煤焦油发展的重要方向。建议煤焦油深加工应进行规模化集中处理,开展综合利用,提高技术、装备水平,向精细化深加工方向快速发展。     

低温煤焦油的综合利用

随着国内煤低温干馏的发展,低温煤焦油的产能也随之不断增加.为综合高效利用低温煤焦油,解决其燃烧过程中的环境问题,对低温煤焦油性质和组成、加工工艺及两种主要工艺路线(燃料型和燃料-化工型)的经济性进行了研究.结果表明:低温煤焦油加工应选择先提酚类,而后加氢的燃料-化工型路线.该路线有效地利用了低温煤焦油中的高附加值组分,工艺合理,投资回收期短,是产业化前景较为广阔的路线.     

煤基精细化工加工技术探讨

本文综合评述了当前发展煤基精细化工的若干技术论点,并就煤基精细化工的加工技术进行了初步的探讨。文章以煤的焦化生产中得到的煤焦油和粗苯这两大化工原料资源为重点,论述了发展煤基精细化工必须对煤焦油和粗苯资源进行集中加工、合理利用;对精细化工发展要统一规划,突出重点;要加快技术进步,实现产品的升级换代,要努力开发新品种,调整产品品种结构;要提高产品加工深度,生产精细化工中间体及产品和加强应用研究与技术服务。同时介绍了部分粗苯和煤焦油组分的深度加工工艺与最终产品及其用途。     

煤焦油、苯的加工利用

概述了国外煤焦油加工企业的典型发展模式及特点。详细介绍了中国煤焦油加工行业的发展状况:产业集中度低、深加工水平不高是其发展中存在的主要问题;集中化、大型化、深加工、节能高效化、清洁化和品种多样化是其今后发展方向,指出发展煤焦油加工要合理引导、布局煤焦油加工企业,合理确定工艺路线和产品结构,提高焦油沥青产量。并就宝钢化工煤焦油加工的现状进行介绍。     

焦化粗苯和煤焦油的加工

世界粗苯和煤焦油加工能力基本稳定,但加工利用潜力较大,重点转向精细化工利用。文章介绍了莫夫莱苯萃取精馏工艺、定向结晶生产精萘工艺、新工艺炭黑、酚类抗氧剂和煤沥青碳纤维等新技术的进展动态。     

高温煤焦油中添加发生炉煤焦油混合加工的初步研究

利用山西吕梁某煤焦油深加工企业生产装置,在不改变现有煤焦油加工工艺流程的基础上,将适量的发生炉煤焦油添加到高温煤焦油原料中进行混合加工。结果表明,通过合理调整工艺操作参数,得到的改质沥青、蒽油等产品的技术质量分析指标基本符合相关标准的要求,为发生炉煤焦油或中低温煤焦油的多元化利用提供了一条新的参考途径。     

低温煤焦油加氢制燃料油品的工艺研究

文章介绍了用加氢工艺改善低温煤焦油的质量,制得高质量的汽油、柴油替代品燃料油,为低温煤焦油的加工开辟了新的路线。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.