水力空化改质对重质原油沥青质及性质的影响

利用水力空化过程产生局部的高温、高压、高射流以及强大的剪切力等极端化学物理条件改质处理沙特重质原油，试验结果表明：沙特重质原油经过水力空化改质后粘度由13.61降低至7.22mm2/s，残碳由7.16%降低至6.48%，实沸点蒸馏后减压渣油降低1个百分点。进一步采用APPI FT-IR MS、XRD、FT-IR、SEM和粒度分布等技术研究了水力空化改质对沙重原油分子组成，沥青质团聚体微晶结构、沥青质胶束粒径分布、沥青质官能团、沥青质形貌等方面的影响，从分子角度阐述空化改质重油的机理。研究结果表明：水力空化改质后沙重原油分子量分布、芳烃类化合物缔合作用变小；沥青质对低DBE化合物吸附性能降低；沥青质团聚体微晶结构更加松散；沥青质胶束粒度分布降低；沥青质分子相互团聚作用力减弱。进一步考察了水力空化改质前后减压渣油延迟焦化性能，改质处理后焦炭产率降低1.85个百分点，液体收率和气体产率分别增加1.52和0.33个百分点，水力空化改质对沥青质性质、结构特点的改善能够有效的提高其加工性能。     

降低减压渣油延迟焦化石油焦产品硫含量的研究

基于砜与亚砜的化学键键能低于噻吩化学键能，提出采用乙酸/双氧水氧化体系对减压渣油进行预氧化处理以降低延迟焦化石油焦产品的硫含量，同时考察了氧化减黏、水力空化强化氧化-减黏等工艺对延迟焦化石油焦硫含量的影响。结果表明，空化压力8 MPa，处理1次，并在410 ℃下减黏1 h时石油焦硫含量的降低效果最佳，硫质量分数由初始的4.12%降低至3.21%，同时产品分布数据表明，此条件下石油焦产率降低2.35百分点，液体收率提高1.93百分点。     

水力空化改质对减压渣油性质的影响

利用水力空化过程产生局部的高温、高压、高射流以及强大的剪切力等极端化学物理条件改质处理减压渣油,改质处理后减压渣油的密度、黏度、残炭等理化性能均得到改善.通过APPI FT-IR、沥青质粒径分布技术和多重光散射技术进一步研究了减压渣油水力空化改质机理.结果表明:水力空化改质后减压渣油相对分子质量分布、芳烃类化合物缔合作...     

低成本船用燃料油生产方案研究

船用燃料油主要由减压渣油、加氢渣油、催化油浆、催化裂化柴油等组分通过调合手段生产;通过对高黏调合组分进行热改质以降低其倾点和黏度,可减少轻调合组分的用量,优化生产配方,降低船用燃料油的生产成本。W炼油厂原计划将通过直馏工艺生产的常压渣油作为低硫船用燃料油销售,采用常减压蒸馏-热改质组合工艺小试研究表明：优选合适切割点的减压渣油并对其进行热改质,可使减压渣油运动黏度(50℃)降至380 mm²/s以下;优选低硫调合原料,可以释放全部的直馏柴油及蜡油馏分,降低低硫船用燃料油生产成本。对于以减压渣油、优选重油F及催化裂化柴油为原料直接调合生产船用燃料油的H炼油厂,采用热改质-调合组合技术,可大幅降低减压渣油的黏度和倾点,中试研究结果表明,调合柴油量可以减少50%,大幅提升炼油厂经济效益。     

委内瑞拉超重油改质技术方案

对全球现有委内瑞拉超重油改质技术进行了分析,并结合委内瑞拉超重油的典型性质,提出了掺轻油、减压渣油焦化/馏分油加氢处理、常压渣油焦化/馏分油加氢处理、延迟焦化/中压加氢裂化/馏分油加氢处理等改质方案,并基于对这些改质方案的技术经济评价,指出以延迟焦化/中压加氢裂化/馏分油加氢处理方案作为推荐加工方案.     

加氢裂化尾油作为供氢剂对焦化产品分布的影响

对中海炼化惠州炼化分公司加氢裂化尾油和减压渣油进行了供氢、夺型氢能力测定,以加氢裂化尾油为供氢剂,以10%的比例加入到减压渣油中,进行延迟焦化实验室试验以及中型试验。结果表明,在反应温度为500℃、反应压力为0.15 MPa的条件下,分别以减压渣油和加入10%供氢剂的减压渣油为原料进行延迟焦化反应,与减压渣油原料相比,减压渣油中加入10%供氢剂后,粗汽油、粗柴油以及蜡油收率提高4.2百分点,焦炭收率降低3.1百分点,气体收率降低1.1百分点。     

减压渣油掺炼煤焦油的共焦化性能研究

在延迟焦化实验室装置上,考察了减压渣油掺炼煤焦油的焦化性能。结果表明,在500℃下反应4 h,掺炼30%(占混合原料的质量分数)煤焦油的混合原料其总液体收率较仅以减压渣油为原料时提高5.53个百分点,柴油、蜡油馏分收率分别提高2.31,2.58个百分点,同时焦化汽油及柴油的硫、氮含量降低。热重分析表明,减压渣油和煤焦油的共热解存在一定的协同作用,掺炼煤焦油能够促进渣油的热裂解。     

塔河稠油催化改质研究

针对稠油热改质中缩合结焦副反应所引起的经济和安全问题，以塔河稠油为原料进行了稠油改质降黏实验。结果表明：制备的有机镍催化剂活性显著高于其他有机金属催化剂，并可抑制结焦副反应；优化反应条件为：w(油溶性有机镍催化剂)=0.1%、w(结焦抑制剂)=7%、反应温度320℃、反应时间30 min,在此条件下，改质稠油黏度由2 680 mPa·s降至292 mPa·s,降黏率为89.10%,密度由0.953 6 g/cm³降至0.910 4 g/cm³。     

供氢剂对延迟焦化产物分布的影响

在自建的延迟焦化中试装置上,考察了2种供氢剂的供氢能力及对延迟焦化反应产物分布的影响。结果表明:供氢剂A的供氢能力优于供氢剂B及减压渣油;夺氢能力低于供氢剂B及减压渣油;氢转移指数高于供氢剂B。添加供氢剂后,产物分布发生变化,产物中石油焦和尾气收率均降低。添加供氢剂A后,产物液体收率提高1.85个百分点;石油焦收率降低1.09个百分点,尾气收率降低0.75个百分点。     

减压渣油延迟减黏裂化中试研究

为解决减压渣油在调合低硫船舶燃料油RMG 380时黏度高的问题,在延迟焦化中试装置上开展以减压渣油为原料的延迟减黏裂化中试研究,考察不同的延迟减黏裂化反应温度对减黏效果的影响。结果表明:在进料量为5 000 g/h,反应时间为300 min,注汽量和反应压力均为0的减压渣油延迟减黏中试试验条件下,加热炉炉管出口温度与减黏率、减硫率成正比;当加热炉出口温度达380℃时,减压渣油的减黏率达85%以上,产物减黏油的收率达80%以上;当加热炉出口温度达400℃时,减压渣油的减黏率达95%以上,产物减黏油的收率达90%以上。反应温度在380～400℃的延迟减黏裂化,其减黏效果明显,减黏率达85%以上,满足RMG 380调合料低黏度的要求。     

Production of High-Grade Asphalt from Liaoshu Crude Oil

The high viscous crude oil for Shuguang No. 1 zone of Liaohe oilfield has the characteristics of high density (ρ₂₀ = 0.9977 g.cm^-3), high viscidity (ν₁₀₀ = 1,223.9 mm².s^-1), and high solidifying point (SP = 48°C), which belongs to low sulfur naphthene-base crude oil. The comprehensive evaluations indicate that this oil has no gasoline fraction and the diesel oil is only 7.19%. In addition, the lubricating oil distillate is not suited to produce lubricating oil and heavy oil is not good feedstock for catalytic cracking. However, the low wax and high resin, as well as asphaltene content, make it an ideal raw material for producing paving asphalt. The vacuum residue of this crude acted as base oil and three kinds of waste oil with high aromatics and low wax content were selected as blenders. Various brands of high-grade paving asphalts meeting GB/T15180-94 (China) specification were produced by blending method. The blending effects were investigated and corresponding mathematics models were set up.     

THE STUDY OF PRODUCING HEAVY TRAFFIC ASPHALT BY USING THE HIGH VISCOUS CRUDE FROM NO.l SHUGUANG ZONE OF LIAOHE OIL FIELD

The characteristics of the high viscous crude from No. 1 Shuguang Zone of Liaohe Oil Field are similar to those of residue distillates of general crude such as high density(ρ ₂₀=0·9977 g.cm^-3),high viscidity υ ₁₀₀= 1223·9 mm².s-¹) and high carbon/hydrogen ratio. This oil contains less wax, but rich in resin and asphalt, which belongs to low sulfur naphthene-base crude oil and can be used as feedstock to produce high paving asphalt. But now it is used as fuel after emulsificating. In order to make full use of this oil and resolve the problem of paving asphalt demand-supply, various paving asphalts conforming to GB50092-96 standard were produced by blending vacuum residue of the high viscous crude from No.l Shuguang Zone of Liaohe Oil Field and waste oil which is rich in aromatics and poor in wax. The laboratory test results show that modified paving asphalts have good low-temperature properties and antiaging feature.     

STUDY ON PROCESSING SCHEME OF HIGH VISCOUS CRUDE FROM NO.1 SHUGUANG ZONE OF LIAOHE OIL

The characteristics of the high viscous crude from No.1 Shuguang Zone of Liaohe Oil Field are similar to those of residue distillates of general crude such as high density (ρ₂₀ = 0.9977 g.cm^-3), high viscidity (ν₁₀₀ = 1223.9 mm².s^-1) and high solidifying point(SP = 48°C). It contains no gasoline distillate and diesel yield is just 7.19%. And now it is only used as fuel. In order to make full use of this oil, the high viscous crude from No.1 Shuguang Zone of Liaohe Oil Field is evaluated comprehensively. And the properties of various distillates from the crude are analyzed and evaluated respectively. The results indicate that this oil contains less wax, but rich in resin and asphaltene, which belongs to low sulfur naphthene-base crude oil and can be used as feedstock to produce high paving asphalt. According to its characteristics, the optimum processing scheme is put forward and the high grade paving asphalts are produced by using the distillates higher than 350°C.     

A Comprehensive Evaluation of High Viscous Crude Oil from Shuguang No. 1 Zone of Liaohe Oil Field

The high viscous crude oil from Shuguang No. 1 zone of Liaohe oil field has the characteristics of high density (ρ₂₀ = 0.9977 g cm^-3), great viscosity (ν₁₀₀ = 1223.9 mm² s^-1) and high pour point (48°C), which are similar to those of the residue distillation of general crude oils. It contains no gasoline distillation and the diesel oil fraction yield is just 7.19%. It is often used as fuels after emulsification. But this oil is so vicious that it cannot be atomized uniformly and burned fully. In order to make full use of it, this kind of high viscous crude oil has been evaluated comprehensively and the properties of its various distillations are analyzed respectively. The results indicate that this crude oil contains less wax, but more resins and asphaltene, which belongs to low-sulfur naphthene-base crude oils and it is the suitable material to produce high-quality paving asphalt. Based on its characteristics, the optimum processing scheme is put forward and the high-quality paving asphalt is produced by using the distillation higher than 350°C.     

原油减压渣油馏分的油-水界面性质I. 伊朗重质减渣馏分的油-水界面张力

采用超临界萃取分离技术对伊朗重质减压渣油按相对分子质量进行了分割。所得伊朗重质减渣馏分按馏分的先后，其平均相对分子质量逐渐增大，H／C原子比逐渐下降，芳香共轭成分含量逐渐升高。对各减渣馏分的油-水界面张力研究表明，伊朗重质减渣馏分具有高的界面活性，随着减渣馏分在油相中质量分数的增大，油-水界面张力显著下降。通过改变减渣馏分的界面吸附状态和吸附量，油相组成、水相中盐的含量及pH值的变化会影响油-水界面张力。     

局部加热对重质油加氢裂化的影响

采用间歇式高压釜反应器研究了加拿大油砂沥青和沙特重质减压渣油及其模型化合物十二烷基苯的加氢裂化反应,实验条件为5 0MPa、410～430℃、0～60min。以微小电热丝在反应器中很小的区域制造了局部高温,考察了其对加氢裂化的影响。结果表明,该方法促进了反应物中自由基的形成,提高了重质油及其模型化合物的转化率和中间馏分油的收率。     

5Mt／a加工高硫原油炼油厂开工经验

设计以沙特阿拉伯轻质、重质原油各５０％为原料,年加工能力５Ｍｔ,工艺流程以常减压蒸馏－重油加氢脱硫－重油催化裂化为主线,对目前国内唯一能单独全部加工高含硫原油炼油厂的两种开工方案进行了比较。确定全流程投料开车分两步实施：第一步选择低硫原油,先开成一个低硫炼油厂,重油不进行加氢精制;第二步低硫原油向高硫原油逐步切换,开重油加氢脱硫等加氢装置和硫磺回收装置。这样能很好地衔接原油硫含量,既可满足重油加氢脱硫等加氢装置的开车需要,又使重油催化裂化等装置正常生产。     

进口原油减压渣油生产优质建筑沥青试验

用沙中、科威特,阿曼及阿曼与胜利混合原油的减压渣油,进行了用各种氧化工艺条件生产优质建筑沥青的试验,试验结果表明,沙中、科威特减压渣油通过氧化可生产出符合GB/G494-1998标准的10号建筑沥青,用阿曼和75%阿曼与胜利混合原油的减压渣油可生产出10号、30号,40号优质建筑沥青。