一种带障板宽波束宽带纵振动换能器

介绍了一种带障板宽波束宽带纵振动换能器。通过将纵振动换能器的纵振动模态和前盖板弯曲振动模态有效耦合来达到拓宽换能器工作频带的目的;并提出利用反声障板边界结构大幅度增大发射波束宽度的方法。利用有限元软件分析了其在水中的特性。分析结果表明,通过纵弯模态耦合方式可有效拓宽换能器的频带宽度;通过障板在纵振动换能器中的应用可有效调节纵振动换能器的波束特性,从而实现宽波束的目的。实际制作该换能器并测试了其在不同情况下的性能,测试结果表明:有限元分析结果跟实验测量结果吻合。在9.5~18 kHz的频率范围内实现了发送电压响应起伏不超过3 dB的宽带工作;在11、12、13、14 kHz,实现了120°~160°的宽波束。     

发射换能器带障板特性分析

对发射换能器带障板的声场特性进行了分析,对两种类型的发射换能器带障板的增益进行了计算,并实际加以测试。障板增益在换能器工作频段内存在一个凹点(即较大负增益),随着安装距离的增大,凹点对应的频率逐渐下移,换能器在凹点频率的指向性得到展宽。适当的应用反声障板,可以起到改善发射换能器的指向性,调节发送电压响应等作用。     

一种上半空间指向性的水声发射换能器结构设计

本文讨论了一种具有上半空间指向性的水声发射换能器的结构,采用半液腔压电圆管换能器实现了上半空间指向性,在换能器结构中采用吸声锥形障板加反声障柱的方法,实现换能器的垂直向上的窄波束指向性。同时也提高了测量装备在边收边发方式下的声隔离度,有效抑制了收发换能器间的声串漏。通过对实物测试,系统声学收发隔离效果达到35d B以上,该换能器结构设计的有效性得到了验证,并将在装备研制中得到应用。     

反声障板对球形换能器指向性的影响

采用反声泡沫障板,用虚源法计算有障板换能器的声场,研究其指向性随球心到障板距离的关系,找到一个合适的距离,使工作频率3dB指向性角达到120o以上。根据理论计算制做带障板换能器并进行了实验测试,部分性能吻合较好。     

声障板对单双壳体近表面声压增益影响的计算与分析

根据单双壳体声场的特点,采用不同的反声或吸声障板,对贴覆障板前后壳体近表面处声压增益的变化进行了数值计算,分析声障板对壳体近表面声场的影响,分析不同类型声障板解决双壳体在某些频点增益的正负突变问题的能力以及单壳体贴覆障板的效果。计算结果表明,声障板对于提高双壳体前表面的声压增益有明显效果,且多层橡胶复合反声障板优于泡沫反声障板,总体上吸声障板比反声障板更具优势。对于单壳体,从提高近表面声压增益的角度,不加障板更好。     

一种矩形辐射面宽波束换能器的设计

设计了一种可以宽波束发射的矩形辐射面换能器。通过设计矩形辐射面,适当减小矩形辐射面短边的长度,从而达到了减小换能器的横向尺寸,且增大短边平行截面上的波束宽度的目的,再引入聚氨酯硬质泡沫障板技术改变换能器的辐射声场,进一步改善了换能器的方向性。有限元分析和试制换能器测试结果表明:设计制作的13 k Hz工作频率矩形辐射面换能器,在12~15 k Hz工作频率范围内,换能器短边平行截面上的波束宽度达到105°~135°。     

一种新型声隔离系统

水声换能器的收／发声隔离度决定了很多水声设备的性能优劣。介绍了一种新型声学隔离系统,该系统改变了声障板的设计思路,使换能器的收／发声串漏得到明显降低。通过偶极子原理,提出了一种提高收／发声学隔离度的方案。利用有限元仿真手段,计算并验证了该种方案的有效性。参照仿真模型,制作了一套声隔离系统样机,在1个倍频程的频带内,该系统的收／发声隔离度大于40dB。该声隔离系统提高了现有水下声目标模拟设备的性能。     

利用电磁超声横波检测二冷区尾端连铸坯壳厚度

使用电磁超声横波对二冷区尾端的连铸坯壳厚度进行检测,并建立了有限元仿真模型.选取Q235连铸小钢坯作为被测对象.为减小永磁铁的提离距离、在被测体内部生成更大的感应涡流,文章利用多物理场有限元仿真软件建立了一种不同于一般结构的电磁超声换能器仿真模型:圆柱形永磁体两侧并行排列螺旋线圈.分析了永磁铁尺寸对磁场涡流的影响以及电...     

矩形板辐射体弯曲振动的轴向声场计算

文章利用数值计算结合有限元方法,推导了一种计算自由边界条件下弯曲振动矩形板辐射体近远场轴向声压的方法。以算例中的矩形平板辐射体和阶梯矩形板辐射体为例,分别计算了其轴向声压并进一步进行了实测。最后,测试了声压与施加在激励换能器上的输入功率之间的关系。结果表明:在辐射体近场区域内,轴向声压随距离的增大有较大的起伏,近场多次出现声压极大值与极小值;在远场区域声压随距离的增加而缓慢衰减。输入功率不同时,辐射体轴向声压随距离变化的趋势相同,进一步说明所述计算方法的正确性。     

耐压反声障板的反声特性及其对水听器指向性的影响

本文给出带障板的水听器指向性图的表示式,并与实测值进行了比较;阐述了高静水压下声障板的反声性能。水听器指向性的理论模型与实测图(基元因子)相当吻合,为基阵的布阵设计提供了理论依据。     

Vibrations of and sound radiation from sandwich plates in heavy fluid loading conditions

A problem of forced vibrations of a sandwich plate submerged in a fluid (an acoustic medium) is formulated as a coupled problem of structural acoustics. Two-dimensional (plane) formulation relevant to cylindrical bending of a plate is explored. Dynamics of a sandwich beam (a sandwich plate in cylindrical bending) is described in the framework of the sixth-order theory of multi-layered plates. Asymptotic analysis of the dispersion polynomial is performed in the low frequency and the low module limits for an isolated infinitely long beam. Green's functions for flexural vibrations are obtained analytically and thus explicitly contain the principal parameters of beam's composition. Forced vibrations of a fluid-loaded beam in a rigid baffle are considered. Both the interaction between an acoustic medium and a plate and the interaction between a plate and its boundaries are described by boundary integral equations assembled in a two-level system. Eigenfrequencies of a fluid-loaded beam are detected by maximum of the radiated acoustic power. A semi-analytical sensitivity analysis of the objective function selected as a radiated acoustic power to the parameters of beam's composition is performed.     

Harmonic ultrasound fields through layered liquid media

Harmonic field generation through a layered liquid media is studied experimentally and theoretically. Lateral and axial beam profiles of the fundamental to the 4th harmonic component of the field from a focused, 19-mm diameter transducer were measured using a calibrated hydrophone in a water tank. Measurements were performed before and after the insertion of a cylindrical phantom containing vegetable oil. A frequency domain numerical solution to the "KZK" equation was used to calculate the beam profile, taking into account the acoustic properties of the medium and phantom. Effects of nonlinear propagation, diffraction, attenuation, and reflection are included in the calculation. Agreement within 5% was obtained between measurements and theoretical predictions throughout the mid- and far-field of the transducer for both the uniform path and the layered media. Measurements also were carried out using an unfocused transducer as a receiver. The shape of the axial beam profile using this receiver agreed very well with the theoretical prediction using the "KZK" equation, after accounting for phase variations over the finite-sized detector in the calculated field.     

基于圆环阵列的声场仿真及校准实验

针对圆环阵列中声波多途效应难以消除的问题,提出了采用不等间距圆环阵列的方法破坏声波各径的相干性来降低旁瓣性能,减少边缘衍射反射的干扰。通过仿真验证不等间距圆环阵列能够有效降低聚焦波束旁瓣,并根据仿真结果设计最佳环形阵列结构。最后,在实验水池中对圆环阵列进行声场校准实验,分别利用脉冲波与连续波在4～8kHz频率下激励换能器阵列工作,结果表明采用脉冲正弦信号激励的方法可在有限空间内准确测量换能器的轴向声压的特性。     

一款宽带圆柱阵研究

圆柱阵换能器具有水平全向的优势,已广泛应用在水声探测领域。文章研究了一款宽带圆柱阵,利用匹配层技术拓宽圆柱阵阵元的带宽,通过有限元仿真优化单个换能器阵元带宽、发送电压响应和阻抗等参数。同时通过仿真以阵元错位密集方式形成圆柱阵,对阵元的个数及排列方式进行仿真优化,制作了一款宽带圆柱阵并进行了测量,圆柱阵直径为400 mm,高度为435 mm,圆柱阵的工作频段为20~30 kHz,频带内起伏3 dB,最大发送电压响应为160.5 dB,圆柱阵-3 dB水平波束宽度为360°。     

Excitation of acoustic waves from cylindrical polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film confined in a concentric wall

This paper investigates acoustic wave radiation from cylindrical polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film mounted inside a concentric wall with a small air gap. In such a structure, propagation is allowed only in the gap between the film and the wall surface, and the wave propagates in the axial direction of the cylinder. The radiation impedance of the cylindrical transducer inside the concentric wall has been calculated using a one-dimensional propagation model. After calculating the mechanical impedance of the cylindrical PVDF film, the generated acoustic wave has been calculated as a function of frequency with various air gaps between the PVDF film and the wall. It has been found that the excited acoustic wave becomes stronger for a narrower air gap and shows a maximum at a specific air gap. This phenomenon has been explained as the match between the transducer impedance and the radiation impedance of the air gap. When the gap is too small, the radiation impedance exceeds the transducer's mechanical impedance, the acoustic wave radiation decreases with the decreasing gap, and the resonance frequency increases due to loading by the imaginary part of the excessive radiation impedance. All these theoretical results have been experimentally confirmed.     

A Simulation Study of the Beam Steering Characteristics for Linear Phased Arrays

Ultrasonic beam steering characteristics for linear phased array transducers are simulated numerically by visualizing the full-field acoustic pressure field of the waves radiated from a linear phased array transducer. The influences of various transducer parameters on the beam steering properties are studied, including number of elements, inter-element spacing, element size, frequency of the transducer and the steering angle. In addition, the effects of these parameters on the near field characteristics are investigated by analyzing the acoustic pressure profile in the steering direction. The simulation results agree well with the analytical solutions which are valid only in the far field. A suggested scheme for optimal transducer design is presented.     

凸形弧线旋转曲面声透镜研究

通过对凸形弧线旋转曲面声透镜在不同面形参数下的声场的数值计算,研究了透镜面形参数与其声场分布特特间的关系,证实透镜面形参数对声场分布有明显影响,根据在声场中尽可能长的距离范围内,获得声束宽度较小,旁瓣水平适中的声束的要求,提出了透镜的优化面形参数,结果得到实验验证。