人星状病毒非结构蛋白nsP1a/3的原核表达、纯化及其多克隆抗体的制备

目的原核表达、纯化人星状病毒(human astrovirus,HAstV)非结构蛋白nsP1a/3,并制备多克隆抗体。方法酶切质粒nsP1a/3-pCDNA3.1,获得nsP1a/3基因,克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a,构建重组原核表达质粒nsP1a/3-pET-28a,转化大肠埃希菌BL2(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,并优化表达条件。表达的重组蛋白经Ni2+亲和层析纯化后,经腹腔免疫SD大鼠,共4次,最后1次免疫7 d后,经心脏采血,分离血清,ELISA法检测多抗效价,Western blot鉴定多抗的特异性。结果重组表达质粒nsP1a/3-pET-28a经双酶切和测序鉴定构建正确;表达的重组蛋白相对分子质量约为22500,以包涵体形式表达;纯化的重组蛋白纯度为86.6%,浓度为1.26mg/ml;制备的多克隆抗体效价较高,可达1∶30 000,且特异性较好。结论成功地原核表达、纯化了HAstV非结构蛋白nsP1a/3,并制备了特异性良好的鼠多克隆抗体,为进一步研究nsP1a/3蛋白在病毒侵染靶细胞时的作用机制奠定了基础。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒E0和E2蛋白的融合表达及纯化

目的在大肠埃希菌中融合表达牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)E0和E2基因,并进行纯化。方法采用RT-PCR法分别扩增BVDV BA株的E0和E2基因片段,通过酶切位点将二者串联并克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a上,构建重组表达质粒pET-28a-E0-E2,转化至大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达。表达的融合蛋白E0-E2经镍离子亲和层析纯化后,进行Western blot分析。结果重组表达质粒pET-28a-E0-E2经双酶切和测序证明构建正确;表达的融合蛋白E0-E2相对分子质量约为68 500,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的20%,主要以包涵体形式存在;纯化的融合蛋白纯度达95%,可与牛病毒性腹泻病毒阳性血清发生特异性反应。结论在大肠埃希菌中融合表达了BVDV E0和E2蛋白,纯化后的融合蛋白纯度较高,为BVDV抗体ELISA检测方法的建立及新型疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

美洲型猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒N蛋白的原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备

目的原核表达美洲型猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(North American genotype porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,NA-PRRSV)N蛋白,并制备多克隆抗体。方法以NA-PRRSV QH-08毒株的RNA为模板,扩增N蛋白编码片段,克隆入原核表达载体p ET30a(+),构建重组表达质粒pET30a-NA-PRRSV-N,转入大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达6 h。采用Ni-NTA树脂亲和层析纯化表达的重组蛋白,复性后的重组N蛋白与弗氏佐剂混合乳化,经背部多点免疫新西兰大耳白兔,制备兔抗NA-PRRSV-N蛋白多克隆抗体,采用Western blot和间接免疫荧光试验检测多克隆抗体的特异性,间接ELISA法检测血清抗体效价。结果经PCR、双酶切和测序鉴定,重组表达质粒p ET30a-NA-PRRSV-N构建正确;重组N蛋白以包涵体形式表达,相对分子质量约为24 000,纯度可达95%以上,可与NA-PRRSV阳性猪血清发生特异性反应;制备的多克隆抗体能够识别重组N蛋白和全病毒抗原,抗体效价1∶25 600,显著高于商品化疫苗组。结论成功在大肠埃希菌中表达了NA-PRRSV N蛋白,并制备了其多克隆抗体,为NA-PRRSV检测方法的建立奠定了基础。     

人呼吸道合胞病毒截短F1蛋白的原核表达及其免疫原性评价

目的原核表达重组人呼吸道合胞病毒(human respiratory syncytial virus,HRSV)A型Long株截短F1融合性蛋白,并评价其免疫原性。方法采用RT-PCR法扩增HRSV截短F1蛋白基因序列,克隆至pET-28b表达载体,构建重组原核表达质粒RSV F1/pET-28b,转化大肠埃希菌Shuffle T7菌株,IPTG诱导表达,表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析;用Ni亲和层析柱纯化,纯化产物经SDS-PAGE及Western blot分析。将纯化的重组截短F1蛋白免疫ICR小鼠,ELISA法检测小鼠血清抗体效价。结果重组原核表达质粒经双酶切及测序鉴定证明构建正确;表达的截短F1蛋白相对分子质量约44 000,主要以包涵体形式存在,纯度达90.6%。重组截短F1蛋白免疫小鼠血清抗体效价最高可达1∶4 096。结论原核表达的重组HRSV截短F1蛋白免疫原性好,为单克隆抗体的制备及检测试剂盒的研究奠定了基础。     

狂犬病病毒CVS-11毒株基质蛋白鼠源和兔源多克隆抗体的制备、鉴定及比较

目的 制备狂犬病病毒（rabies virus,RV）基质蛋白（M）鼠源和兔源多克隆抗体,并比较其反应原性。方法 以RV CVS-11毒株感染细胞后的cDNA为模板构建原核表达载体pET-28a-M,转化E.coli BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达M蛋白,经镍柱亲和层析、透析复性后,免疫雌性BALB/c小鼠和雌性新西兰大白兔,取全血,分离血清,ELISA法检测鼠源和兔源多克隆抗体效价,Western blot法、间接免疫荧光试验（immunofluorescence assay,IFA）、免疫沉淀（immunoprecipitation,IP）法检测鼠源和兔源多克隆抗体反应原性。结果 质粒pET-28a-M经测序鉴定证明构建正确;制备的鼠源和兔源多克隆抗体效价分别为1∶100和1∶256 000,与不同RV毒株均具有反应原性。结论 成功制备了M蛋白鼠源和兔源多克隆抗体,为探讨M蛋白与宿主蛋白相互作用的关系以及研究RV的致病机制提供了重要的生物学工具。     

小鼠脱氧核糖核酸酶Ⅱα融合基因的原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备

目的原核表达LHRH-TAT-DNaseⅡα融合基因(LTD),并制备多克隆抗体。方法采用PCR法克隆LTD基因片段,插入p ET-28a载体,构建重组原核表达质粒p ET-28a-LTD,转化大肠埃希菌BL21(Rossetta),经IPTG诱导表达。融合蛋白经电洗脱分离纯化后,免疫獭兔,制备LTD蛋白多克隆抗体,采用ELISA法检测抗血清效价。结果构建的重组原核表达质粒经PCR、双酶切及测序鉴定证明构建正确;纯化得到的融合蛋白相对分子质量为39 270,浓度为0.5 mg/ml,可被兔抗LTD抗体识别。血清抗体效价可达1∶6 400。结论成功原核表达了DNaseⅡ融合蛋白LTD,并制备了多克隆抗体,为进一步研究DNaseⅡ蛋白体内外抗肿瘤活性及作用机制奠定了基础。     

猪干扰素γ的原核表达及抗血清的制备

目的原核表达猪干扰素γ(poIFNγ),并制备其抗血清。方法PCR扩增poIFNγ成熟多肽基因片段,克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a(+)中,构建重组表达质粒pET-28a-poIFNγ,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达。表达的蛋白纯化后免疫小鼠,制备抗血清,ELISA检测抗血清的效价。结果重组原核表达质粒pET-28a-poIFNγ经双酶切和测序证明构建正确;重组蛋白的表达量占菌体总蛋白的40%,主要以包涵体形式表达;纯化的重组蛋白纯度可达90%;制备的抗血清效价可达10-5。结论已成功地在大肠杆菌中表达了poIFNγ,并制备了较高效价的抗血清。     

新德里金属-β-内酰胺酶的原核表达及其多克隆抗体的制备

目的原核表达新德里金属-β-内酰胺酶(New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1,NDM-1),并制备其多克隆抗体。方法以临床分离的产NDM-1的臭鼻克雷伯杆菌为模板,PCR扩增NDM-1基因,克隆入pET-28a载体,构建重组原核表达质粒pET-28a-NDM-1,转化E.coli BL21(DE3)pLyss,IPTG诱导表达重组蛋白。表达的重组蛋白经硫酸铵沉淀、离子交换层析、Ni亲和层析及分子筛层析纯化后,免疫日本大耳白兔,制备NDM-1多克隆抗体。抗体经硫酸铵沉淀和SPA-Sepharose亲和层析纯化后,Western blot鉴定其特异性。结果重组表达质粒pET-28a-NDM-1经PCR及测序鉴定构建正确;表达的重组蛋白相对分子质量约为28 000,诱导表达的重组菌破菌上清存在较强的β-内酰胺酶活性,表明NDM-1蛋白为可溶性形式表达;最终纯化获得的NDM-1蛋白纯度高于95%;制备的NDM-1多克隆抗体能与诱导表达的重组菌胞外蛋白特异性结合。结论成功原核表达了NDM-1,并制备了其多克隆抗体,为NDM-1的快速检测提供了新的思路。     

绿脓杆菌外毒素A受体结合亚基-结核分枝杆菌热休克蛋白65融合蛋白的表达及纯化

目的在大肠埃希菌中融合表达绿脓杆菌外毒素A(pseudomonas exotoxin A,PEA)受体结合亚基-结核分枝杆菌热休克蛋白65(heat shock protein 65,HSP65),并进行纯化。方法从含PEA的质粒中扩增PEA受体结合区亚基PEAⅠ,克隆至pET-28a-HSP65质粒中,构建重组表达质粒pET-28a-HSP65-PEAⅠ,转化大肠埃希菌(E.coil)BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,表达的重组融合蛋白经SDS-PAGE分析;利用抗PEA受体结合区单抗杂交瘤细胞制备抗PEA受体结合亚基单抗,偶联免疫亲和层析介质,将表达的重组蛋白经DEAE Sepharose 4FF阴离子交换层析、Phenyl Sepharose 6FF疏水层析和免疫亲和层析进行纯化。结果重组质粒经PCR鉴定及测序,证明构建正确;表达的重组HSP65-PEAⅠ蛋白相对分子质量约93 000,主要以可溶性形式表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的30%以上;抗PEA受体结合亚基单抗效价可达1∶10 000。纯化的重组HSP65-PEAⅠ蛋白纯度达90%以上。结论已成功在大肠埃希菌中表达并纯化了重组融合蛋白HSP65-PEAⅠ,为防止PA感染后多器官衰竭综合征的免疫制剂的研究奠定了基础。     

杆状病毒AcMNPV包膜蛋白GP64胞外区的原核表达、纯化及多克隆抗体的制备

目的原核表达、纯化苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus,AcMNPV)包膜糖蛋白GP64胞外区,并制备多克隆抗体。方法根据GenBank中登录的AcMNPV GP64基因全长序列,采用DNAStar软件设计去除GP64基因信号肽和跨膜区的引物,PCR扩增GP64胞外区基因,插入原核表达载体pET-21b(+)中,转化大肠埃希菌Rosetta(DE3),IPTG诱导表达。表达的重组蛋白经His Trap FF crude纯化后,进行SDS-PAGE和Wester blot分析。将纯化的重组蛋白经背部皮下免疫家兔,制备多克隆抗体,采用免疫染色法检测多克隆抗体对AcMNPV的中和作用。结果重组表达质粒pET-21b(+)-GP64经双酶切及测序证实构建正确;表达的重组蛋白相对分子质量约为52 000,表达量占菌体总蛋白的46.8%,主要以包涵体形式表达;纯化的重组蛋白纯度可达95%以上,可与鼠抗AcMNPV GP64蛋白单克隆抗体特异性结合;制备的兔抗GP64蛋白多克隆抗体能与纯化的重组蛋白和杆状病毒发生特异性反应,抗体效价高于1∶1 000 000,其可中和100 TCID50/ml的AcMNPV,使AcMNPV无法感染昆虫细胞Sf9,中和效价为1∶8。结论成功原核表达了AcMNPV GP64蛋白胞外区,并制备了对AcMNPV有完全中和能力的多克隆抗体,为昆虫细胞/杆状病毒表达系统的应用研究及杆状病毒毒株的检定等提供了材料。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.