可见光下利用ZrO2(Er3+)/TiO2光催化降解海水中柴油污染

通过共沉淀法自制上转换材料与TiO_2复合的纳米光催化剂;利用SEM、XRD等方法对光催化剂进行表征;通过改变催化剂掺杂比、pH值、催化剂投入量、光照时间和柴油初始浓度研究了可见光下光催化降解海水中柴油污染的影响因素以及复合光催化剂ZrO_2(Er3+)/TiO_2的利用效率,通过正交试验优化海水中柴油污染的降解;进行动力学分析,计算总反应速率表达式。结果表明,当柴油初始浓度为0.20g/L,催化剂投加量为0.8g/L,催化剂掺杂比为40%,pH为7,光照时间为2.5h时,复合光催化剂的利用效率最高,柴油的去除率达到87.74%。ZrO_2(Er3+)/TiO_2在可见光下能够有效地降解海水中的柴油污染。     

不同晶相Bi_2O_3粉体的制备与表征

以Bi(NO_3)_3·5H_2O为主要原材料,利用共沉淀法制备α、β、γ3种不同晶相的Bi_2O_3粉末。利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、紫外-可见光分光光度计对样品进行表征,结果表明:制备的α-Bi_2O_3粉末为长条状颗粒,β-Bi_2O_3粉末为不规则颗粒状,γ-Bi_2O_3粉末呈现为四面体颗粒。以质量浓度为10 mg/L的罗丹明B溶液为降解目标,考查不同晶相Bi_2O_3对罗丹明B的光催化降解性能,发现γ-Bi_2O_3粉末的光催化性能最佳,降解效率可达62. 5%。利用第一性原理对α、β、γ3种晶相Bi_2O_3的能带结构进行计算,计算结果表明:3种晶相Bi_2O_3的导带均主要由O 2p轨道构成,价带主要由Bi 6p轨道构成。光催化过程中,电子可从价带跃迁到导带参与化学反应,从而使罗丹明B溶液发生降解。     

ZBL低温助烧CaCu3Ti4O12高介电陶瓷的研究

采用固相合成CaCu_3Ti_4O_(12)(CCTO)微波介质陶瓷基体粉体,通过XRD衍射仪、SEM扫描电镜表征掺杂ZnO-B_2O_3-La_2O_3(ZBL)低软化点玻璃助烧剂的(CCTO)陶瓷的物相组成及结构特点,研究ZBL玻璃的掺杂量对CCTO样品烧结性能及微波介电性能的影响。研究表明:添加10%(质量分数)ZBL玻璃的CCTO陶瓷在960℃烧结3h,能够获得较好的介电性能:εr=112,tanδ=0.0027,τf=-2×10-6/℃。     

Fe2O3/TiO2纳米管光催化降解微环境苯系物的实验研究

采用阳极氧化-阴极沉积-阳极氧化法制备了三氧化二铁/二氧化钛(Fe2O3/TiO_2)复合纳米管阵列,以室内空气典型污染物苯系物为模拟反应物,研究了湿度与催化剂用量对苯系物气体光催化降解效果的影响,并分析了Fe2O3/TiO_2复合纳米管光催化降解苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、苯乙烯的反应历程。结果表明:该Fe2O3/TiO_2复合纳米管排列整齐均匀,相对纯TiO_2具有较高的可见光响应特性;光功率密度为0.9W/cm2、停留时间为10min,不同湿度和催化剂用量条件下总苯系物的降解率可以达到75%~95.3%;当湿度为60%,光催化剂用量为50cm2或62.5cm2时,各组分的降解率达到最高;湿度为0~30%,催化剂用量为25~37.5cm2时,各组分的降解率较高;在不同湿度下,苯系物各组分的氧化历程主要受正水离子及超负氧离子的数量影响。     

铋基金属有机骨架合成多孔炭负载Bi_2O_3/Bi三元可见光催化剂用于高效去除水中有机污染物（英文）

利用高温碳化铋基金属有机骨架CAU-17(Bi)得到一系列不同炭化温度的多孔炭负载Bi_2O_3/Bi三元可见光催化材料(Bi_2O_3/Bi/PC),并对材料进行了详细的鉴定和表征。随后,通过在可见光下降解水中罗丹明B染料研究材料的光催化性能。结果表明,通过改变炭化温度可以调节三元光催化材料中的Bi_2O_3与Bi的比例。在炭化温度为800℃时,Bi_2O_3/Bi/PC表现出最高的光催化活性。同时,在降解罗丹明B的过程中,材料的3个组分表现出良好的协同效应,并且光催化材料在较宽的pH范围内均表现出良好的光催化活性。在光催化过程中,空穴和超氧自由基作为主要的活性物种主导污染物的降解。本研究通过高温炭化将金属有机骨架直接转化为三元光催化材料,为可用于高效降解水中有机污染物的可见光催化材料的设计与合成提供了新思路。     

机械化学合成Ni2Al3/Al2O3去合金化制备Raney-Ni/Al2O3复合粉体

以NiO粉和Al粉为原料,采用机械球磨诱发化学反应制备了Ni_2Al_3/Al_2O_3复合粉体。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和附带能量色散谱仪(EDS)的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合粉体球磨过程中的固态反应过程、表面形貌进行表征。将Ni_2Al_3/Al_2O_3复合粉体用浓度为20%的NaOH溶液腐蚀2h,可得到纳米晶结构的Ni/Al_2O_3复合粉体。利用XRD和TEM对其物相和结构进行了表征。结果表明,球磨1h后混合粉末仍为NiO粉和Al粉,球磨3h后NiO粉和Al粉在机械力的作用下反应形成Ni_2Al_3和Al_2O_3粉体,机械力诱发的NiO和Al之间的反应属于突发型反应,继续球磨10h后形成Ni_2Al_3/Al_2O_3复合粉体。Ni_2Al_3/Al_2O_3复合粉体在70℃、质量比为20%NaOH溶液中刻蚀2h,可获得Ni/Al_2O_3复合粉体。     

MoS2/g-C3N4复合催化剂的制备及CdSe量子点敏化产氢性能研究

太阳能光催化分解水制氢被认为是从根本上解决能源与环境问题较为理想的途径之一。在以尿素为原料制得石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)的基础之上,采用简单的低温溶液反应法将二硫化钼(MoS_2)与石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)复合得到复合催化剂MoS_2/g-C_3N_4,并利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射(DRS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和荧光光谱等对该复合光催化剂的组成、形貌和光物理性能进行了表征;进而以CdSe量子点为光敏剂,三乙醇胺(TEOA)为牺牲剂,构建了不含贵金属的三组分光催化产氢体系,并对体系pH值、CdSe量子点浓度等对产氢性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明:将MoS_2纳米颗粒负载到g-C_3N_4上可使g-C_3N_4的光催化产氢性能得到显著提高。当MoS_2负载量为7%(质量比)时,在最佳的条件下(pH=9.0,CdSe量子点的体积为25mL),最大产氢速率达到了141.74μmol·h-1,6h的产氢总量达到了212.61μmol。最后,结合荧光猝灭实验,推测了该体系的产氢机理。     

蓝光发射荧光粉Ba3P4O13∶Eu2+的发光特性及热稳定性

采用固相法在相对较低的温度(~840℃)下合成了一种可被紫外光激发的蓝光发射荧光粉α-Ba_(3-x)P_4O_(13)∶xEu~(2+),详细研究了其物相、发光特性与荧光热稳定性。在360nm紫外光的激发下,样品的发射光谱由峰位处于~439nm的不对称宽带组成。通过激发与发射光谱、荧光寿命测试及结构分析证实该不对称宽峰是由于Eu~(2+)在Ba_3P_4O_(13)中同时占据多个不同的格位所致。此外,Eu~(2+)在α-Ba_3P_4O_(13)中的最佳掺杂浓度约为x=0.06,其荧光猝灭机理为电偶极矩-电偶极矩相互作用。与商用绿色荧光粉(Ba,Sr)_2SiO_4∶Eu~(2+)相比,该荧光粉具有更好的热稳定性。α-Ba_3P_4O_(13)∶Eu~(2+)荧光粉有望在紫外激发的白光LED领域得到应用。     

Co2+、C共掺杂纳米TiO2光催化降解苯酚的研究

以钛酸丁酯、硝酸钴和葡萄糖为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法制备钴、碳共掺杂的纳米Co-C/TiO_2催化剂,通过X射线衍射(XRD)和紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis)表征分析,鉴定样品的晶型,估算晶粒大小以及测定样品的光学性能,并计算带隙能。结果表明,Co-C/TiO_2催化剂仍然以锐钛矿型存在,晶粒尺寸约为12.08nm;催化剂的带隙能降低,吸收带边发生红移。在紫外光照下,考察光照时间、催化剂用量、苯酚初始浓度和pH值等因素对Co-C/TiO_2光催化降解苯酚的影响。利用响应面优化设计及降解模型拟合,得到降解苯酚的最佳条件为:加入0.05g催化剂,初始浓度为17.44μg/mL,pH=5.68,此时苯酚降解量最大可达15.67mg/g。     

等离子体电解氧化法制备多孔TiO2/V2O5复合物膜层及其增强光催化产氢活性

较差的光催化产氢效率极大地阻碍了TiO₂光催化剂的工业化应用。为此,本文在含有NH₄VO₃的磷酸盐溶液中,采用等离子体电解氧化(PEO)法制备了多孔TiO₂/V₂O₅复合膜光催化剂,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子谱(XPS)和紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对其组成、结构及光吸收性质进行了表征,并采用气相色谱评价了薄膜催化剂的光催化产氢性能,研究了电解液中NH₄VO₃含量对膜的结构、组成和光催化产氢性能的影响。结果表明:复合膜催化剂主要由锐钛矿和金红石型TiO₂组成,具有微孔结构,V₂O₅主要以无定形形式存在于膜中,与TiO₂有很强的相互作用,影响TiO₂的晶面间距。研究发现,元素V抑制了TiO₂的结晶和金红石型TiO₂的形成,扩大了薄膜的光学吸收范围。针对Na₂S+ Na₂SO₃溶液中的光催化产氢性能的研究显示,在质量浓度为1 g/L NH₄VO₃的电解液中制备的TiO₂/V₂O₅薄膜的光催化活性最高,优于近年来报道的其他光催化剂。光催化重复实验表明,该复合膜催化剂具有较高的稳定性和较为恒定的光催化活性。     

微结构对Bi_2Sr_2Co_2O_y化合物电性能的影响

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备单相Bi2Sr2Co2Oy化合物,通过添加PEG20000和超声分散对化合物粉体微结构进行调控,采用SPS烧结得到了致密的块体.探索了微结构对Bi2Sr2Co2Oy化合物电性能的影响规律.结果表明,添加PEG20000和超声分散可以明显降低Bi2Sr2Co2Oy化合物粉体的晶粒尺寸,使烧结块体的晶粒尺寸大幅度减小,从而显著提高材料的电性能.温度为873K时,添加PEG20000并超声处理所制备样品烧结块体获得了最高ZT值0.041.     

Investigations of Bi substitution in NdBa2Cu3Oy

Attempts to substitute Bi for Nd in orthorhombic NdBa₂Cu₃O _y , prepared in air or oxygen at about 950°C led instead to formation of Ba₂NdBiO₆, a new cubic compound witha=0.8703 nm. The possibility was then explored of preparing superconducting (Nd_1–x Bi _x )Ba₂Cu₃O _y , by first forming the tetragonal phase at 880–950°C in nitrogen or argon followed by reheating in oxygen or air at 250–500°C in order to insert the additional oxygen required to yield the orthorhombic form while avoiding oxidation of Bi³⁺ to Bi⁵⁺. X-ray diffraction studies, electrical conductivity measurements, and thermogravimetric analysis of products indicate that Bi does not enter the NdBa₂Cu₃O _y , lattice in either the tetragonal or the orthorhombic phase. Ba₂NdBiO₆ clearly forms on reheating in oxygen or air even at low temperatures, and evidence is presented that a poorly crystallized oxygen-deficient form of this compound is already present prior to the reheating.     

Observation of broadband infrared luminescence in a novel Bi-doped P2O5-B2O3-Al2O3 glass

A novel Bi-doped P₂O₅-B₂O₃-Al₂O₃ glass was investigated, and strong broadband NIR (near infrared) luminescence was observed when the sample was excited by 445 nm, 532 nm, 808 nm and 980 nm lasers, respectively. The max FWHM with 312 nm, the lifetime with 580 μs and the σ_emτ product with 5.3 × 10^− 24 cm² s were obtained which indicates that this glass is a promising material for broadband optical amplifier and tunable laser. The effect of the introduction of B₂O₃ on the glass structure and Bi-ions illuminant mechanism were discussed and analyzed. It is suggested that the introduction of B₂O₃ makes the glass structure closer, and the broadband NIR emission derives from Bi⁰:²D_3/2 → ⁴S_3/2 and Bi⁺:³P₁ → ³P₀ transitions.     

Oxygen content determination of Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu4O11+x superconductor by thermogravimetric analysis

Thermogravimetric analysis of the individual, binary, ternary, and bismuth-based superconductor mixtures have been carried out to elucidate the excess oxygen content of the Bi₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₄O_11+x . Our systematic approach eliminates the need to assume initial phase present, original oxygen content, and degree of reduction as in other TG studies. The excess oxygen content of the bismuth superconductor increases fromx=0.38 tox=0.64 after three heating cycles in oxygen atmosphere. Most of the excess oxygen is associated with the highly oxidized copper (Cu³⁺) in the superconducting phase/phases.     

The enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity of nanosheet-like Bi2WO6 obtained by acid treatment for the degradation of rhodamine B

Bi₂WO₆ samples were fabricated by chemical solution decomposition (CSD) method and nanosheet-like Bi₂WO₆ samples could be obtained by concentrated nitric acid treatment at 70 °C for 20 min. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra. Photocatalytic activities of the samples were evaluated by the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. The temperature of acid treatment obviously influenced morphology and the visible light photocatalytic activity of the Bi₂WO₆ samples. The nanosheet-like Bi₂WO₆ photocatalysts obtained by acid treatment exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation.     

Study on multiple near-infrared luminescent centers and effects of aluminum ions in Bi2O3-GeO2 glass system

We report on the near-infrared (NIR) luminescent properties of Bi₂O₃-GeO₂ glass. Apparent differences of NIR luminescence, decay properties and thermal stability manifest the co-existence of more than one active center in this system. The effects of Al ions introduced both unintentionally and intentionally were investigated. ²⁷Al NMR analysis proposes 4-fold Al coordination as dominant structure which can also provide the environment for active centers. We suggest that Al ions play a crucial role to restrain concentration quenching at higher Bi₂O₃ concentration instead of assisting to construct Bi centers.     

Zero resistance at 117 K in Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu2+xOy compounds

In the Pb-doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system, optimization of the composition and heat treatment conditions at which a greater amount of the high-T _c phase forms has been reported in our early paper [1], where the temperature of zero resistance was 107K. Recently, we have achieved zero resistance at 117 K and observed an a.c. susceptibility step at around 150 K by changing the Cu composition in the Bi^1.6Pb^0.4Sr²Ca²Cu^2+x O ^y system (x=0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6).     

Preparation and photocatalytic activity of novel efficient photocatalyst Sr2Bi2O5

A novel visible-light-driven photocatalyst of Sr₂Bi₂O₅ is prepared by solid-state reaction at 780 °C. The optical band gap of Sr₂Bi₂O₅ is determined to be 2.87 eV by UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Under both UV and visible-light irradiation, the photocatalytic activity for degrading methyl orange (MO) over Sr₂Bi₂O₅ is higher than those over BiVO₄, and SrBi₂O₄. The relationships between the photocatalytic properties of Sr₂Bi₂O₅, SrBi₂O₄, and BiVO₄ and their crystal structures are discussed. Among Sr₂Bi₂O₅, SrBi₂O₄, and BiVO₄, the higher photocatalytic activity of Sr₂Bi₂O₅ is ascribed to its higher level of distortion of the metal-oxygen polyhedra, and the lower packing factor degree.     

Synthesis,Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO_2 Film/Bi_2O_3 Microgrid Heterojunction

TiO2 film modified by Bi2O3 microgrid array was successfully fabricated by using a microsphere lithography method.The structure and morphology of TiO2 film,Bi2O3 film and TiO2 film/Bi2O3 microgrid heterojunction were characterized through X-ray diffraction,atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.The optical transmittance spectra and the photocatalytic degradation capacity of these samples to rhodamine B were determined via ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy.The results indicated that the coupled system showed higher photocatalytic activity than pure TiO2 and Bi2O3 films under xenon lamp irradiation.The enhancement of the photocatalytic activity was ascribed to the special structure,which could improve the separation of photo-generated electrons and holes,enlarge the surface area and extend the response range of TiO2 film from ultraviolet to visible region.     

The effect of substitution of Bi2O3 for alkali oxides on thermal properties, structure and wetting behavior of the borosilicate glass

The effect of substitution of Bi₂O₃ for alkali oxides in the borosilicate sealing glass on thermal properties, structure and wetting behavior of the borosilicate glass was studied. The thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) decreased with the substitution, however, the TEC varied little while the alkali oxides were completely consumed. The variation in glass transition temperature (T_g) and the FTIR results of the glasses indicated significant effect of Bi₂O₃ substitution on the glass structure, which caused a progressive conversion of BO₃ to BO₄ unit in the glass. The appropriate amount of Bi₂O₃ obviously improved the wetting performance of the borosilicate glass on Al₂O₃ substrate due to the high polarizability of Bi³⁺ ion.