中间包钢水温度控制研究及优化

为了提高中间包温度合格率,减少连铸机拉速波动,根据首秦现有工装设备条件,分析了中间包温度合格率较低的原因,研究了精炼周期、浇铸断面、工艺路线以及钢包状况对钢水温降的影响,同时总结出连铸中间包烘烤、开浇钢水温度变化以及浇钢过程钢水温度变化规律。通过提高优质钢包的周转数量、规范操作并精确控制精炼吊包温度、保持连铸中间包钢水温降稳定,使钢水中间包温度合格率达到92%以上,铸坯内部质量也得到一定改善。     

冷轧无取向电工钢连铸生产实践

通过对连铸过程生产实践的总结以及现场数据分析,研究了太钢在生产冷轧无取向电工钢时连铸过程中间包钢水增碳、二次氧化、钢水吸氮以及在冷轧过程中钢板表面重皮、夹杂缺陷等的原因以及解决措施。结果表明,通过采用专用冷轧无取向电工钢中间包覆盖剂和结晶器保护渣、加强钢水从大包至中间包保护浇注、稳定连铸过程拉速和液面自动检测控制等措施解决上述存在的问题。     

中间包简介及酒钢不锈钢生产中间包用耐火材料调查

中间包是钢水包和结晶器之间用于钢水过度装置。中间包承受连铸钢包流人的钢水后起承上启下的作用，无论对于连铸操作的顺利进行，还是对于保证钢液品质符合需要，中间包的作用都非常重要，本文对酒钢不锈钢生产中间包的耐火材料做了一些调查，以供同仁共刷学习与参考。     

中间包钢水净化技术

中间包是炼钢连铸系统的关键装备之一，在连铸生产过程中起着贮存、稳流、减压、分流钢水的作用，常见的中间包有长方形、T形、C形、三角形和H形结构。重点介绍了中间包钢水净化技术：通过在钢水表面加入双层渣隔绝空气，防止钢水二次氧化；应用大容量、深熔池中间包增加钢水停留时间，控制钢包渣的卷入；增设挡墙和挡坝等设施改善钢水流动方向，消除死区；应用钢包下渣检测装置控制和减少夹杂物来源；通过中间包吹氩和气幕挡墙吹氩技术均匀钢水成分和温度，保证夹杂物充分上浮和去除；优化中间包耐材质量，提高中间包使用寿命，减少夹杂物的产生。同时对真空浇注技术、电磁过滤技术和旋转磁场钢水净化技术进行了分析，指出了中间包钢水净化技术，未来仍应在优化中间包的结构形式和流场、改善钢水中夹杂物的形状和变性处理技术，完善功能件的种类和布置以及耐火材料质量方面做重点研究。     

连铸中间包挡墙设置优化的数学模拟研究

根据某厂连铸中间包的结构和操作工艺参数,采用数学模拟的方法研究了连铸中间包的钢水流动过程以及停留状况。文中采用PHOENICS软件进行了模拟计算,分析比较了不同挡墙设置下的钢液流动的速度矢量图以及RTD曲线。结果表明：上下挡墙位置以及间距对中间包内钢液流动特性有较大影响。     

低碳耐材在连铸极低碳钢和纯净钢生产中的应用

主要介绍武钢第二炼钢厂在连铸极低碳钢和纯净钢时，为确保减少连铸过程中钢水增碳．开发和应用了低碳钢包砖、大包保护管以及中间包浸入式水口，并取得了良好的使用效果。     

中间包永久层整体打结的实践

中间包是连铸生产的一个关键热工设备，对连铸生产顺行起着决定性的作用。中间包采用永久层整体打结工艺，可大大降低耐材消耗，提高中间包利用率，减少中间包事故，提高连铸钢水的浇成率。     

衡管水平连铸中间包流场分析

根据衡阳钢管水平连铸中间包的实际情况,采用1：1．5的相似比例建立水模拟系统,对水平连铸中间包内钢液流场进行研究．得出水平连铸中间包内钢水流场与弧形连铸中间包内钢水流场的主要区别,提出了优化水平连铸中间包钢水流动的方向。     

异型坯连铸长水口浸入深度对36 t中间包流场和温度场的影响

通过建立的中间包钢液流动传热三维耦合数学模型,采用FLUENT软件模拟研究了H-型钢用三流异型坯连铸长水口浸入深度(100~200 mm)对36t中间包Q235B钢水(0.12%~0.20%C)流场和温度场的影响。结果表明,随长水口浸入深度的增加,中间包内钢水自由液面波动有减少趋势;中间包各流出口钢水平均停留时间差和各流钢水出口温度差显著增大;该中间包异型坯连铸过程合适的长水口浸入深度约为125 mm。     

十流小方坯连铸机双中间包流场的优化设计

对山钢十流小方坯连铸机双中间包进行设计优化，确定合理的中间包结构类型；通过中间包流场、温度场数值和水力学模拟研究，分别为品种钢、普通钢连铸生产设计了L型挡渣墙结构中间包和整体稳流器挡渣墙结构中间包。双中间包结构类型、流场经过优化，延长了钢水在中间包内的平均停留时间，减少了各流间出口钢水温差，提高了钢水纯净度，有效促进了生产的稳定顺行和产品质量的提升。     

Fluid Flow and Inclusion Motion in a Multi-Heat Teeming Tundish for Heavy Steel Ingot

 Besides the function of molten steel supply in the casting process, tundish has a capability of decreasing the formation of macro-scale inclusions and promoting the flotation of the remaining inclusions. Both the round shape tundish and the elliptical shape tundish were studied for the multi-heat teeming ingot. The transportation of molten steel and the motion of inclusions were compared using numerical simulation and physical modeling. The results showed that the short molten steel residence time, the large dead volume, and the low efficiency in inclusion removal for the round shape tundish were obtained even when a flow control device was installed. After comparing the two kinds of tundishes with the same capacity, it indicated that in the elliptical shape tundish, the molten steel residence time was prolonged by 1.6 times and the mean residence time increased by 6%; the dead volume was decreased from 18% to 13%, the ratio of the plug volume to the dead volume increased by 68%, and the inclusion flotation efficiency increased by 17%. The trial results indicated that, after using the elliptical tundish, the equivalent diameter of single defect was decreased from 2.5 to 1.6 mm, and no intensity defect was observed. The total oxygen content was 21×10-6, which was decreased by 30%.     

35 t三流不对称中间包流场的物理数学模拟和应用

以钢厂三流不对称GCr15钢320 mm×480 mm方坯连铸35 t中间包为研究原型,采用1:3水模型试验和数值模拟相结合的方法研究不同控流装置对中间包内流场的影响,优化中间包内流场,并得到最优的导流墙结构。结果表明,原型中间包各水口滞止时间很小,死区比例达到39.68%;增加优化后的Y型导流墙后,滞止时间增大了29.51 s,死区比例减小了15.54%,且各水口一致性较好。通过GCr15轴承钢现场试验发现,中间包优化后钢水T[O]由优化前的19.3×10^-6~26.3×10^-6平均值22.7×10^-6降低至9.5×10^-6~17.2×10^-6,平均12.3×10^-6;铸坯中夹杂物由12.0~15.3个/mm²降低到6.8~8.4个/mm²,>1.25μm夹杂物明显降低。     

宣钢矩形坯连铸机中间包数学模拟研究

应用三维湍流流动的数学模型及计算机模拟技术，对宣钢矩形坯连铸机中间包进行了模拟研究。通过研究发现在不加任何挡渣板的情况下，中间包内的钢液流动形成明显的短路流；不利于钢液的混合和夹杂物的上浮。中间包内加设挡渣板能够有效地防止短路流，有利于钢液的混合和夹杂物的去除。     

Study on Process Technology of Gas Bubbling Curtain Substituting Dam in the Tundish of Slab Casting

This paper presents experimental results from physical and mathematical simulation of liquid steel flow in the tundish adopting gas bubbling curtain substituting dam and industrial trials have been investigated based the experimental results. Physical and mathematical simulation results show the gas bubbling curtain can improve pattern of liquid flow in the tundish , accelerate inclusions flotation,and simultaneity metallurgy effect has been further improved when combining weir and turbulence inhibitor. The industrial trial results confirm that content of oxygen , nitrogen and inclusions in continuous casting billets have been reduced when gas bubbling curtain combining weir and turbulence inhibitor.     

Numerical Simulation of Fractal Agglomerating-Growth of Al2O3 Inclusions in Tundish

Based on the Al₂O₃ inclusion analysis of low-carbon aluminum killed steel in tundish of a domestic steel company and fractal theory analysis, a mathematical model of fractal agglomerating-growth of Al₂O₃ inclusions in tundish was established. The results indicated that: large swirl flows exist in both sides of inlet, space between weir and dam, and large zone above outlet, in which monomer and agglomerated inclusion particles accumulate easily; the agglomerated inclusions with hydrodynamic diameter of 6 — 9.8 μm were quickly generated less than 16 s, but those inclusions with hydrodynamic diameter more than 11 μm were difficult to form; the number density of agglomerated inclusion rapidly increased first, then slowly reduced, so the form and quantity distribution of agglomerated inclusions can be controlled by controlling the residence time of inclusion particles in tundish.     

Hydraulics and Mathematics Simulation on the Weir and Gas Curtain in Tundish of Ultrathick Slab Continuous Casting

The molten steel flow pattern in continuous casting tundish could be improved if the flow control devices were properly used. With reasonable application of weir and air curtain, the disturbance at injection zone of the tundish was reduced. The flow path of the molten steel was changed, and the short-circuit flow was eliminated. Therefore, the residence time was lengthened. An air curtain with bubbles floating could promote the surface flow and improve inclusions removal. The application of weir and air curtain in an ultrathick slab continuous casting tundish was investigated with hydraulics and mathematics simulation. The residence time and dead volume fraction were studied through orthogonal experiments with different positions of the flow control devices. The efficiency of three factors was analyzed, and the optimum positions of the weir and air curtain were obtained. Besides, the discrete phase model was suitable for simulation of the interaction between gas bubbles and molten steel, and the mathematics results shown the optimum one got larger inclusion flotation rate.     

气幕挡墙中间包仿真优化及其冶金效果

根据水钢炼钢厂150 mm×150 mm六流连铸32 t中间包的结构操作工艺参数,采用数模仿真法研究了气幕挡墙技术对中间包内钢液流动特性及夹杂物去除的影响,并对HPB235和65钢进行了工业试验。结果表明,气幕挡墙可以有效改善钢液的流动状态,均衡各出口停留时间,有效延长钢液的平均停留时间,降低死区体积,提高夹杂物去除率。该技术适应多流中间包纯净钢冶炼的需求。     

流钢孔对中间包流体行为影响的数值模拟

以某钢厂双流中间包为基础,建立了相似比为1∶3的物理模型和三维稳态数学模型,研究挡坝控流装置上流钢孔的孔径、数量和倾斜角度等变化因素对中间包内流场的影响。结果表明,孔径大小和流钢孔的倾斜角度对中间包内钢液的流动特性至关重要。在中间包挡坝上开设的流钢孔孔径为120 mm、倾斜角度为15°时,可改变钢液流向,延长钢液流动轨迹,增加夹杂物去除概率,与原型相比,中间包内钢液平均停留时间增加近28 s,死区比例降低46.5%,理论残钢量降低79%。     

Investigation of Flow Characteristics in a Six‐Strand CC Tundish Combining Plant Measurements,Physical and Mathematical Modeling

The tundish plays a major role in the continuous casting process. The flow in a tundish has a very substantial effect on the quality of the final product and on efficient casting conditions. Efforts are being made worldwide to obtain the most favourable shape of tundish interior by using dams, weirs and gas curtains. The aim of these flow control devices is to reduce the dead zone areas and improve the conditions for the separation of non‐metallic inclusions. Numerous model studies are being carried out to explain the effect of the tundish working space shape and steel flow conditions on the inclusions floating processes. The presented article shows the results of investigations performed to obtain the mass exchange characteristics in the investigated tundish. The measurements were done directly at the steel plant during normal working conditions. By controlling the changing content of manganese in steel, the residence time distribution (RTD) characteristics were acquired. The RTD characteristics are also obtained with a water model of the tundish with dimensional scale of 1:3. Parallel to the water model, numerical simulation based on mathematical modelling of fluid flow, relying on the system of differential equations, is employed in the research work. Numerical simulations were carried out with the finite‐volume commercial code FLUENT using the standard k‐ε turbulence model. The primary purpose of the investigations carried out is to present the characteristics describing the transitory zone in a six‐strand tundish. It is shown that the F‐curve, describing the transitory zone, can be obtained by using different measurement techniques. Tracer concentration characteristics for the model of tundish obtained from both modelling techniques ‐ physical as well as numerical ‐ are very similar.     

两流非对称中间包结构优化与应用研究

采用水模型实验、数值模拟相结合的方法分析了原型中间包和优化中间包在钢流流场、中间包流动特性方面的差异.结果表明:优化中间包2#水口平均停留时间延长了8.0%,两水口流体平均停留时间之差下降了36.3%.流体在优化中间包内流动轨迹更加复杂,延长了流体在中间包内停留时间.通过工业实验证实了优化方案的可行性.工业试验表明:采用圆形湍流控制器加单挡墙组成控流装置的原型中间包,两水口钢液平均温差为5℃,浇注得到的钢坯试样中,140~300μm夹杂物数量为0.7 mg;而采用非对称长方形湍流控制器加多孔挡墙组成控流装置的中间包,两水口钢液平均温差为3℃或2℃,约为原型中间包两水口钢液平均温差的1/2;浇注得到的钢坯试样中,140~300μm夹杂物数量为0.2 mg,约为原型中间包的1/3.说明采用非对称长方形湍流控制器加多孔挡墙组成控流装置的中间包对两水口温度的均一性起到了显著作用,且更能有效地去除钢液中的夹杂物.