自然发酵肉制品中乳酸菌的筛选

为获得适合肉制品发酵的优良乳酸菌菌株,对来源于自然发酵肉制品中的25株乳酸菌进行筛选,其中19株在6 g/100 mL NaCl和150 mg/kg NaNO_2液体培养基中生长较好,结合其他发酵特性实验,13株乳酸菌符合肉制品发酵剂标准,挑选其中3株进行产酸能力、生长曲线及不同温度条件下生长情况的研究。结果表明:3株菌均具有较强的增殖及产酸能力;培养12 h时菌株即进入稳定生长期,培养24 h时培养基pH值降到4左右;在肉制品的发酵温度范围内能较好地生长。经形态学和16S rRNA序列分析,3株菌均为弯曲乳杆菌,它们均可作为潜在的开发肉制品发酵剂的出发菌株。     

发酵肉中有益菌的分离筛选研究

以MRS培养基和番茄汁琼脂培养基为基础培养基,从自然发酵的咸肉、咸鱼、香肠中分离得到五个菌株,均为球状菌。经过进一步测试表明:五个菌株在pH5.0左右或低于5.0时生长良好;五株菌在2%～6%的NaCl浓度内生长较适宜,其中有两株菌在10%NaCl的环境中仍能生长,五株菌的生长适宜温度范围在30℃～40℃之间,但在35℃培养时生长最好。基本都能符合肉品发酵剂的要求。     

发酵肉制品中乳酸菌计数培养基的优化

采用平板计数法比较了5种乳酸菌在4种培养基(MRS、SL、TJA与酪蛋白山梨酸培养基)上的生长情况,选择乳酸菌生长最好的培养基,对其pH值、添加山梨酸和纳他霉素进行改良,检测了5种乳酸菌及6种杂菌在此培养基上的生长情况,并用发酵肉制品样品进行验证.结果表明,采用改良TJA培养基对发酵肉制品中乳酸菌计数效果最好,在pH 5.5、添加山梨酸(1000mg/L)和纳他霉素(20mg/L)条件下能排除其他杂菌的干扰,提高乳酸菌计数的准确性.优化后的改良TJA培养基能较好地排除发酵肉制品中的杂菌对乳酸菌计数的影响,可应用于发酵肉制品中乳酸菌的计数.     

4株乳酸菌对模拟胃肠环境的耐受性及生长特性研究

对4株来源于自然发酵肉制品中的乳酸菌进行耐酸耐胆盐性能的测定,选取在pH3.0和含0.3 g/100 mL胆盐的MRS培养基中存活率均超过50%的2株菌（M12、M23）,进一步研究其在模拟胃肠液中的耐受性及MRS培养基中的生长特性。结果表明,这2株乳酸菌对人工模拟胃肠道环境有较好的耐受性,经过人工模拟胃液处理2 h后,存活率均＞50%,经人工模拟肠液处理10 h后仍可存活;这2株菌具有较强的增殖及产酸能力,24 h内均已进入稳定生长期,随着菌体数目的增加,培养基pH值快速降低,在肉制品的发酵温度范围内均能较好地生长。因此,这2株菌可作为潜在的益生菌菌株应用于肉制品的发酵。     

新疆自然发酵骆驼酸乳中乳酸菌降解胆固醇能力研究

以新疆骆驼酸奶分离出的10株初步鉴定为乳酸菌的菌株为研究对象,进行体外胆固醇降解能力的研究。用富集培养方法筛选出具有降解胆固醇能力的乳酸菌,然后将菌株接种到发酵培养基中进行发酵产酶,离心得酶液,用分光光度法测定其酶液对胆固醇的降解率,进而分析研究各菌株降解胆固醇的能力。有9株乳酸菌能够在以胆固醇为唯一碳源和能源的液体培养基中生长,其中3株菌对胆固醇降解率达到了60%。实验通过对自然发酵的骆驼酸乳中分离得到的乳酸菌的体外降解胆固醇的实验研究,表明骆驼酸乳中的乳酸菌具有一定的降解胆固醇的能力。     

乳酸菌和酵母菌对浆水发酵过程中亚硝酸盐的影响

为探索乳酸菌和酵母菌对浆水发酵过程中亚硝酸盐含量的影响,以从浆水中分离出的5株乳酸菌和5株酵母菌为研究对象,测绘了生长曲线。通过硝酸还原实验发现乳酸菌和酵母菌均不能将硝酸盐转变为亚硝酸盐,而将乳酸菌和酵母菌分别接种在含亚硝酸盐的培养基中结果显示亚硝酸盐被降解。把乳酸菌和酵母菌以接种方式分别接入到初始浆水中进行发酵,结果表明接种发酵使浆水中亚硝酸盐含量更低。     

低糖乳酸菌耐受性和功能性分析

为获得适合燕麦植物基发酵且具有较强产酸能力、耐受性和功能性的乳酸菌,以酸粥和酸菜为目标乳酸菌分离源,采用溶钙圈法对乳酸菌进行初步筛选、低糖发酵驯化并对耐酸耐胆盐能力、抗氧化能力、发酵特性及产酸能力进行测定。对最终获得的2株乳酸菌菌株进行形态学及16S rDNA分析。结果表明：2株性能优良的乳酸菌均为植物乳植杆菌（Lactiplantibacillus plantarun）,其编号分别为YGF-8和YGF-13。2株低糖乳酸菌最低耐受pH值均为2.5,且可以在胆盐添加量为0.5%和NaCl添加量为7.5%的MRS培养基中正常生长;对ABTS+自由基、DPPH自由基、O2-自由基的清除率分别为65.36%和57.56%,92.49%和92.34%,92.45%和91.97%;产β-葡萄糖苷酶能力分别为26.23、26.52 IU/mL。植物乳植杆菌YGF-8和YGF-13可以用于燕麦植物基发酵产品的发酵,为燕麦的发酵深加工奠定基础,同时丰富乳酸菌种质资源。     

酸和盐胁迫对乳酸菌活性的影响

该研究以13株食品常见乳酸菌为研究对象,考察酸和盐胁迫对其活性的影响,探究这13株乳酸菌的最适酸、盐生长条件及耐酸、耐盐能力。结果表明,适当的低盐浓度（1%、2%）对部分乳酸菌的生长有促进作用,植物乳杆菌和副干酪乳杆菌的最适盐浓度为1%,保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌的最适盐浓度为2%;盐浓度进一步增大,13株乳酸菌的生长受到抑制;盐浓度为10%时,除戊糖片球菌、乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种、嗜热链球菌和乳酸片球菌外,其余9株菌的生长抑制率都＞95%。当pH值为5～7时,13株乳酸菌都生长良好,pH=6时,7株乳酸菌活性均最高;随着酸胁迫的增强,13株乳酸菌生长受抑制程度增大;pH为1～3时,13株乳酸菌的生长抑制率都＞90%,高盐及高酸对9株杆菌的抑制作用强于4株球菌。     

藏灵菇耐胃肠道环境酵母菌和乳酸菌的筛选

以藏灵菇发酵乳液为原料,分别利用改良的马铃薯乳糖培养基和改良MRS培养基分离出8株酵母菌和10株乳酸菌。以pH值为3.0,质量分数为0.3%牛胆盐的培养液模拟胃肠道环境作为初筛条件,以不同pH值和牛胆盐质量分数作为耐酸和耐胆盐的复筛条件,筛选得到耐受性好活力高的两株酵母菌C3和C8,两株乳酸菌M1和M3。     

不同培养基对丙酸杆菌生长及代谢物抑菌特性的影响

以实验室保存的一株费氏丙酸杆菌CS1420(Propionibacterium freudenreichii CS1420)为试验菌株,比较该菌株在改良PYG培养基中和在乳酸钠培养基中的生长情况及代谢物的抑菌作用。结果表明:两种发酵液中还原糖含量的变化趋势基本一致;试验菌株对乳酸钠的利用略优于对葡萄糖的利用;从发酵液生物量看,菌株在PYG培养基中的生长情况略优于在乳酸钠培养基中的生长情况;两种发酵液的pH都是从初始的7.0降至4.5左右;当用改良PYG培养基作为发酵培养基时,发酵后期发酵液抑菌作用最强;当用乳酸钠培养基作为发酵培养基时,发酵前期发酵液抑菌作用最强。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.