添加Gd或Ho对烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体结构与性能的影响

添加不同数量的Gd或Ho,制备了(33-x)(Pr-Nd)-xGd-0.2Cu-0.75Al-1.10B -64.95Fe和(33-x)(Pr-Nd)-xHo-0.2Cu-0.75Al-1.10B-64.95Fe(x是质量分数,x=0,1,3,5)烧结磁体,分析了添加Gd或Ho对材料磁性能、温度稳定性及显微组织的影响....     

添加Dy、Nb对烧结NdFeB磁体结构与性能的影响

采用SC工艺制备了Nd-Fe-B合金铸片,研究了在合金铸片中添加Dy、Nb元素对合金铸片显微结构和烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体磁性能的影响,确定了Nd-Fe-B磁体获得最佳磁性能时Dy元素、Nb元素的含量,并用扫描电镜、磁性能测量仪等对其进行了分析和测量。实验结果表明,Dy元素的添加可以使晶粒细小化、均匀化、规则化,在不显著影响剩磁的情况下大幅度提高磁体的内禀矫顽力;在含Dy元素和Co元素的磁体中加入少量Nb元素可以在不显著影响剩磁的情况下较大幅度提高磁体的内禀矫顽力,降低磁通不可逆损失,提高磁体使用温度。     

Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结致密化过程的研究

定量描述了Nd-Fe-B磁体的烧结致密化过程, 分析了有效稀土含量、合金粉末粒度与烧结致密化过程的关系, 讨论了Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结过程的致密化机制. Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结致密化过程可分为3个阶段, 即致密化过程迅速进行阶段、缓慢进行阶段、相对稳定阶段;随着烧结温度的上升, 第一阶段表现得更为突出, 第二阶段对应的烧结时间区段大大缩短. 有效稀土含量的提高、合金粉末粒度的减小显著促进Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结致密化过程. 主相颗粒重排以及主相颗粒长大与形状适位性变化是Nd-Fe-B磁体烧结过程的两类主要致密化机制, 而且后者对于Nd-Fe-B烧结磁体实现完全致密化起着决定性的作用.     

晶间合金化Ga元素对烧结Nd-Fe-B磁性能与显微组织的影响

用晶间合金化方式直接在(NdPr)29.6(FeCuZr)69.2B1.0粉中加入0.3%Ga(质量分数,以下同),磁体的内禀矫顽力从943.5kA/m提高到1181.0kA/m。分别用晶间合金化方式和传统合金化方式在(Nd-PrDy)30.0(FeCuZr)69.0B1.0中加入0.2%Ga,前者的内禀矫顽力达到1224.0kA/m,远高于后者的971.5kA/m。显微组织结构分析表明:用晶间合金化方式加Ga后改善了边界结构,没加Ga时晶粒边界不平直,晶界处缺陷较多;加Ga后晶界平直光滑,Ga主要分布在晶界,而晶内Ga含量极低。     

微量添加晶界合金对烧结Nd-Fe-B力学性能及微观结构的影响

采用双合金法制备系列烧结Nd—Fe—B磁体(保持其主合金成分不变：Ndl4．1Dy0．5Fe79.0B6.4(原子分数)，所添加的晶界合金中的B含量从0．95％(原子分数)逐步增加到6．95％(原子分数))，研究了微量添加晶界合金对烧结Nd—Fe—B力学性能及微观结构的影响。研究结果表明：微量添加晶界合金所制备的磁体，其抗弯强度值普遍高于单合金法制得的磁体；前者的抗弯强度最高可达397MPa，高于铸造，热压磁体的抗弯值，而后者的抗弯强度仅为309MPa。由相结构分析可知，当添加的晶界合金中的B含量为O．95(原子分数)，主相晶格的四方度减小，这时磁体具有最高的抗弯强度。另外，微量添加晶界合金，可使磁体中晶界相的分布更加均匀，从而基本上消除了主相晶粒直接接触的现象，使晶粒的不规则长大得到抑制。这也是微量添加晶界合金后磁体具有较高抗弯强度的原因之一。对磁性能的研究结果表明，微量添加晶界合金几乎不影响烧结Nd—Fe—B磁体的磁性能。     

高性能烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体关键制造技术的开发与应用

烧结Nd-Fe-B永磁材料由于具有低成本、高磁性能而广受人们关注。近20年来，为了提高磁体的磁性能、温度稳定性能和抗腐蚀性能，国内外开展了大量的研究工作。据此，简要综述了近年来高性能烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体关键制造技术的开发与应用状况。     

烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的温度稳定性缺陷分析

采用SEM、EDAX及粒度分析手段,研究了烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体开路磁通不可逆损失(hirr)异常偏高的原因。结果表明,磁体显微组织中晶粒尺寸分布不均匀及存在少量粗大晶粒,是导致其温度稳定性缺陷的主要因素,表现为少数产品hirr异常偏高。在磁体工业生产过程中,改进原料的铸锭和制粉技术,避免出现粗大粉末颗粒,减少极细粉末颗粒的数量,保证磁体显微组织精细均匀,是制备温度稳定性高的烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的基本措施。     

添加Ga、Nb对NdDyTb-FeCo-B烧结磁体显微组织和磁性能的影响

研究了复合添加Ga、Nb对NdDyTb-FeCo-B烧结磁体的显微组织和磁性能的影响。结果表明:添加0.1%Ga、0.5%Nb磁体的矫顽力iHc、剩磁Br、最大磁能积(BH)max均较好。用SEM电镜对显微组织进行分析,发现添加Ga后晶粒大小均匀,形状规则化。在烧结过程中Ga原子置换Nd2Fe14B相中Fe原子形成Nd2Fe14-xGaxB二次主相,使反磁化核不易形成和扩展,从而改善磁体的磁性能。     

生坯密度对烧结 Nd-Fe-B 磁体结构与性能的影响

结合国内烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体工业生产过程，研究了压制成型时生坯密度变化对烧结Nd—Fe—B磁体致密化程度、显微组织、取向度与磁性能的影响。试验结果表明，生坯密度的提高可促进烧结致密化过程，抑制烧结过程晶粒的不均匀长大，提高取向度，改善磁性能。     

Nd-Fe-B系铸锭显微结构的研究

研究了不同Dy取代量的Nd31.0-xDyxNb1.0Al0.3Cu0.3B1.03Fe余(x=0,1.0,2.0)系合金铸锭在均匀化处理前后显微结构的变化。发现添加少量Dy有利于减少铸锭中α-Fe相的数量。适当的均匀化处理可以减少或消除α-Fe相,但晶界相大量聚集,T1相(Nd2Fe14B相)晶粒显著长大。     

钆对烧结钕铁硼磁体磁性能和相结构的影响

通过电弧炉冶炼合金,采用球磨制粉,在磁场下取向成型,真空烧结和热处理制备了Nd17-xRxFe76.5B6.5磁体,研究了在钕铁硼永磁体中用稀土Gd部分地代替钕时对永磁体的磁性能随Gd含量的变化。实验结果表明:在一定的烧结及热处理工艺条件下,Nd17-xRxFe76.5B6.5磁体在Gd含量小于5%(原子分数)时,Gd对磁体的剩磁和内禀矫顽力影响相对较小,当Gd含量5%时,磁体磁性能急剧下降。显微成分分析表明,在合金铸态下,Gd可抑制合金的α-Fe相的析出;在磁体中,Gd进入主相是降低磁体矫顽力的主要原因。     

Magnetic Properties of Ga Doped Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnets

The magnetic properties of Nd_(16)Fe_(77)B_7 and Nd_(16)Fe_((61-x))Co_(16)Ga_xB_7(x=0,1,2,4,7)have been measured.Itis found that the remanent magnetization(Br),maximum energy product(BH)_(max)and the Curie temperature(T_c)decrease with the increase of Ga content.The coercive force(He)increases with the increase of Ga contentwhen x is less than 2,but decreases when x>2.At x=2,the coercive force reaches its maximum value.It is alsofound in all the samples investigated that there is a linear relationship between H_c~(1/2)and T~(2/3),which can not beexplained by Gaunt's wall barrier model.The temperature dependence of the calculated values of H_v and(4bf)has been discussed.     

烧结钕铁硼磁体的开发与应用

本文介绍了烧结钕铁硼 ( Nd- Fe- B)磁体的开发现状 ,并概述了国内外生产与市场应用。     

加剂方式对烧结钕铁硼磁体磁性能的影响

钕铁硼永磁材料在民用、航空航天等众多领域得到广泛的应用.高档次烧结钕铁硼磁体具有良好的市场前景.商业磁体多是由大块烧结毛坯切割而成,磁性能一致性是市场的基本要求之一,润滑剂等化学试剂和磁粉混合不均匀是影响一致性的一个重要因素.钕铁硼磁粉化学性质活泼、容易氧化,制粉的全过程都在氮气气氛下进行,没有合适的设备,想均匀加入化...     

Grain Growth Behavior in Sintered Nd-Fe-B Magnets

The Nd2Fe14B grain growth behavior in sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets was quantitatively described.The effects of sintering temperature and time,and alloy powder size and its distribution on grain growth process were analyzed.Hence,possible grain growth mechanisms in these magnets were qualitatively discussed.The Nd2Fe14B grain growth proceeded at quite a high rate in the initial 0~1 h of sintering and from then onwards the grain growth rate decreased.A large average particle size or a wide particle size distribution of initial alloy powders was found to remarkably accelerate the grain growth process and even result in the occurrence of abnormal grain growth.On the basis of experimental results,two grain growth mechanisms were considered to operate during sintering of Nd-Fe-B magnets,that is,dissolution and re-precipitation of Nd2Fe14B particles,and Nd2Fe14B particle growth by coalescence.It was believed that Nd2Fe14B particle growth by coalescence not only produced a large average grain size and a wide grain size distribution,but also was the fundamental reason for the formation of abnormally large grains in the microstructure of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets.     

晶界扩散Tb对烧结Nd-Fe-B组织与磁性能的影响

用磁控溅射法在烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体表面沉积Tb金属薄膜并进行晶界扩散处理,对比经不同热扩散温度及时间处理后的磁体组织和磁性能变化.结果 表明,925℃×10 h+500℃×2 h为最佳晶界扩散工艺,可将磁体矫顽力提高到1630.9 kA· m-1,较原始磁体提升50％,同时剩磁和磁能积无明显下降,磁体仍具有较高的退磁...     

Homogeneity of Hcj in Sintered Bulk Nd-Fe-B Magnets

High performance magnets not only have high magnetic properties, but also have good homogeneity. The homogeneous of Nd14.2DyxAl0.8Cu0.1B6.2Febal. bulk magnets was studied. The sizes of the samples produced by conventional sintering process were 53×50.5×25.3/40.2/50.4/61.0 mm. The magnetic character and microstructure of the samples were determined by NIM-10000H hysteresigraph, optical metaloscope, and SEM respectively. The results show that the Hcj reduces with increasing C content at the same process parameters. And the Hcj shows dependence not only on the ageing processing but also on the size of the bulk and loading capacity etc. The Hcj increases with prolonging ageing time and the ageing time should be different with different size of the bulk. With the increase of the loading capacity, the Hcj reduces promptly and is very inhomogeneous. The microstructure of the samples shows that the grain of the hard magnetic phase is finer and the neodymium-rich boundary is distributed homogeneously with prolonging ageing time. And so is the sample in a small amount of the bulks.     

晶界扩散中Tb对烧结NdFeB磁体微观组织和磁性能的影响

通过晶界扩散技术提升烧结钕铁硼(NdFeB)磁体矫顽力的方法已获得广泛应用,为了研究重稀土磁粉对磁体综合磁性能的影响,本文采用喷涂扩散的方法将重稀土Tb含量为6.0%(质量分数)的磁粉作为复合扩散源的一部分进行晶界扩散并制备了高性能烧结NdFeB磁体。结果表明,当主扩散源占比为60%(质量分数)时,Nd₄₀Tb₆₀对应扩散磁体的矫顽力最高达到21.52 kOe,矫顽力增幅明显。经过微观组织结构和XRD表征分析,重稀土元素Tb沿晶界相扩散进入磁体内部的同时发生了晶格取代反应,可在晶粒表层生成磁晶各向异性场更强的(Nd,Dy/Tb)₂Fe₁₄B硬磁相,显著增强了磁体矫顽力。当主扩散源占比为20%、40%和80%(质量分数)时,Nd₈₀Tb₂₀,Nd₆₀Tb₄₀和Nd₂₀Tb₈₀对应扩散磁体的矫顽力增幅较小,其中Nd₈₀Tb₂₀扩散...     

Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnets in Different Acid Solutions

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets in nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphate acid and in oxalic acid was studied. Potentiodynamic polarization curves and immersion time dependence of corrosion rates of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets in different acid solutions were tested. Microstructures of corroded Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets were investigated by means of SEM and AFM. The results indicate that in strong acid solutions of similar hydrogen ion concentration, the corrosion current increases in the order of HCl 〉 H3SO4 〉 HNO3 solution and Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets are passivated in phosphate acid and oxalic acid. Within 25 min, the corrosion rates of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets in H2SO4 and H3PO4 solutions show a declining trend with immersion time, while in HNO3 and HCl solutions the corrosion rates are rising. And in H2C2O4 solution, weight of the magnets increases. The brim of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets is corroded rather seriously and the size of the magnets changed greatly in nitric acid. The surfaces of the corroded magnets in the above mentioned acid solutions are all coarse.