基于等离子体技术的牛仔织物抗菌整理

选用（3-丙烯酰胺丙基）三甲基氯化铵（APTAC）为抗菌单体，采用真空等离子体工艺制备抗菌牛仔织物。根据不同溅射气体、流量、功率等条件下织物甲基橙吸附静电荷程度，正交试验策略优化最佳整理工艺，并采用X射线能谱分析、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对整理后的纯棉牛仔织物进行表征，测试分析了整理前后织物的强力、手感风格、透气性及抗菌性能。结果表明：在溅射气体为Ar/O2混合且溅射流量比例为50:50、功率为500 W、处理时间为5 min条件下，APTAC成功接枝到牛仔织物上，且不会影响其透气性和力学性能。抗菌测试表明：改性后牛仔织物在30 min的接触时间内，对金黄色葡萄球菌（S.aureus）的灭活率为92.8%，对大肠杆菌O157:H7(E.coli O157:H7)的灭活率为94.87%，具备较好的抗菌性能。     

微波辐射H_2O_2漂白麦草浆的研究

进行了麦草浆的水浴加热漂白和微波辐射漂白对比实验,考察了微波辐射H2O2漂白过程中微波辐射功率、处理时间、H2O2及NaOH用量对漂白纸浆性能的影响,采用正交试验的方法对实验条件进行了优化,并用纤维分析法对纸浆纤维形态进行了研究。微波辐射H2O2漂白纸浆的最佳工艺条件是:微波辐射功率240 W、辐射时间2.5 min、H2O2用量5%、NaOH用量4.5%,在此条件下纸浆白度可达59%ISO左右。纤维分析测定结果发现微波辐射漂白前后纸浆纤维形态基本没有发生变化。结果表明,微波辐射替代水浴加热应用于H2O2纸浆漂白是一种切实可行的方法。     

不锈钢和铜吸氚及其干法去污

为了对不锈钢和无氧铜吸氚后氚在其内部的分布情况及除氚去污方法进行研究,对模拟吸氚及加热去污后的样品进行了酸蚀刻以考察氚在金属层中的分布情况;单独加热或加热结合通入空气、O3和紫外线(UV)进行去污,考察不同去污方式的去污效果。结果表明:金属在表层1μm内吸附了大量的氚,约占总量的42%;加热到500℃及联合去污不锈钢的最佳去污因子达到286,铜为150,通入气体在中温条件下对金属去污最有效,加热是金属去污最有效方式;氚热解吸形态分析表明氚污染不锈钢有4种吸附态。     

显微组织对Zr-Sn-Nb新锆合金拉伸性能的影响

分别采用1 045 ℃/40 min 500 ℃/1.5 h、1 045 ℃/40 min 40%冷加工 500 ℃/1.5 h、1 045 ℃/40 min 70%冷加工 500 ℃/1.5 h工艺,将Zr-Sn-Nb新锆合金加工成厚度为1.4 mm的试样,用透射电镜观察它们的显微组织,对各种条件处理的试样进行拉伸性能研究.结果表明:在本试验所有的形变和热处理中,1 045 ℃/40 min 70%冷加工 500 ℃/1.5 h处理的样品的拉伸性能最好,这归因于经此工艺处理后的析出相细小、弥散、均匀分布,使材料得到第二相较理想的强化效果.     

辐照协同甲酸法分离南荻纤维素及其酶解性状分析

本试验以南荻为原料,采用5 MeV电子加速器进行辐照处理,考察了温度、甲酸浓度、吸收剂量对南荻纤维素分离效果的影响,通过正交试验优化南荻纤维素的分离条件。结果表明：吸收剂量200 kGy、甲酸质量分数88%、油浴温度110℃、反应时间2 h为最优工艺参数;该条件下南荻纤维素纯度达73.26%,提取率达92.99%。辐照协同甲酸分离的南荻纤维素在固液比1∶10、纤维素酶添加量15 FPU/g、酶解温度50℃、转速130 r/min的条件下酶解96 h,纤维素转化率达到28.43%,较未处理原料提高2.43倍。傅里叶红外光谱、X射线衍射分析表明,辐照协同甲酸法所得的南荻纤维素结构保存完整,结晶度明显增加。     

单管法~(11)C-CH_3I的合成条件优化及胆碱生产与临床应用

通过对合成11C-CH3I所用试剂的用量、反应的载气流量、压力和反应温度、蒸发时间等条件进行优化,进而用柱色层法合成了11C-胆碱。在反应条件为:Li Al H4和57%HI的用量分别为0.3 mL和0.5 mL,反应的最佳载气流量和压力分别为27 mL/min、0.28 kPa,反应温度为180℃,蒸发时间为12 min下,11C-CH3I的校正后标记产率为62.2%±3.4%,放化纯度95%。临床脑胶质瘤和前列腺瘤疑似患者各1例在18F-FDG显像24 h后分别接受11C-胆碱检查,并与18F-FDG显像结果对照。显像结果表明,18F-FDG检查示低代谢区11C-胆碱均呈高代谢,联合用药可以更准确地区分病变的性质。     

紫外光辐照引发接枝制备卤胺抗菌棉织物

以安息香双甲醚（DMPA）为光引发剂,通过紫外光辐照引发卤胺前驱体3-(4’-乙烯基苄基)-5,5-二甲基海因（VBDMH）在棉织物表面接枝,氯化后得到卤胺抗菌棉织物。探讨了VBDMH浓度、辐照时间、辐照距离对织物氯含量的影响,得到最佳整理工艺：VBDMH质量浓度为30 g/L,辐照距离为20 cm,辐照时间为30 min。红外光谱分析和扫描电镜形貌分析表明：VBDMH已经成功接枝到织物上。制备的抗菌棉织物在10 min内灭活对数值为6.62的金黄色葡萄球菌和6.55的大肠杆菌,且抗菌性能可再生。     

影响CaCl2-NaCl熔盐电脱氧法制备金属Zr的工艺条件

将氧化物转化为金属是熔盐电解精炼干法后处理氧化物乏燃料流程的关键步骤之一。在等摩尔CaCl₂-NaCl混合熔盐体系中,以石墨棒为阳极,采用高温烧结后的ZrO₂模拟UO₂开展了电脱氧制备金属Zr的FFC剑桥工艺条件优化。研究了工艺条件（槽电压、电解时间、烧结温度和电解温度等）对电脱氧制备Zr的影响。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分别分析了电解前后ZrO₂阴极的微观结构和物相组成。优化后的工艺条件为：电压3.4 V、电解时间12 h、烧结温度900 ℃和电解温度722 ℃。同时,研究结果表明, ZrO₂电脱氧还原为Zr时,存在中间产物CaZrO₃和ZrO。     

用于储氢材料的碳/掺杂碳气凝胶研究

通过溶胶凝胶工艺,以间苯二酚和甲醛为原料,采用常压干燥法制备有机气凝胶和金属掺杂有机气凝胶;在氮气保护下,经1050℃高温碳化获得碳/掺杂碳气凝胶;通过CO₂活化工艺优化样品微结构、提高其比表面积,获得了比表面积达2582m²/g的碳气凝胶样品。使用比表面积与孔隙度分析仪、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）对样品微观结构和气体吸附性能进行表征。通过溶胶 凝胶工艺实现了过渡金属的均匀掺杂,并研究了金属掺杂对碳气凝胶微结构特性的影响。结果表明,适当的金属掺杂可提高样品的比表面积和微孔体积。     

ITER内部ELM线圈导体残余应力的分析与改善

本文主要介绍使用盲孔法和热时效工艺对辊压缩径成型的ITER内部边界局域模(ELM)线圈导体在弯曲前后其外部铠甲(Inconel 625)及内部铜导体(CuCrZr)的残余应力分布和应力改善情况进行的对比分析和研究。研究表明,导体成型的冷变形工艺会使得导体铠甲及内部铜导体的残余应力增加,相比于成型前残余主应力会增加1倍以上。线圈绕制工艺能够降低线圈外部铠甲、内部铜导体约20%残余应力。热时效处理工艺能够显著缓解绕制后的ELM线圈残余应力,线圈外部铠甲、内部铜导体的残余应力能降低约40%。此外,550℃恒温2h并快冷的热时效工艺不仅降低弯曲ELM导体样品外部铠甲及内部铜导体的残余应力,同时热时效处理能够使得外部铠甲及铜导体上的残余应力均匀化。在均匀化之后,外部铠甲与内部铜导体的平均残余主应力差(σ1,σ2)分别为27.07MPa和15.97 MPa,较导体成型工艺后的平均应力差分别降低了38.98MPa和31.67MPa。     

Investigations into the Anti-Felting Properties of Sputtered Wool Using Plasma Treatment

In this research the effects of mordant and plasma sputtering treatments on the crystallinity and morphological properties of wool fabrics were investigated. The felting behavior of the treated samples was also studied. We used madder as a natural dye and copper sulfate as a metal mordant. We also used copper as the electrode material in a DC magnetron plasma sputtering device. The anti-felting properties of the wool samples before and after dying was studied, and it was shown that the shrink resistance and anti-felting behavior of the wool had been significantly improved by the plasma sputtering treatment. In addition, the percentage of crystallinity and the size of the crystals were investigated using an X-ray diffractometer, and a scanning electron microscope was used for morphological analysis. The amount of copper particles on the surface of the mordanted and sputtered fabrics was studied using the energy dispersive X- ray (EDX) method, and the hydrophobic properties of the samples were examined using the water drop test. The results show that with plasma sputtering treatment, the hydrophobic properties of the surface of wool become super hydrophobic.     

Flame Retardant Properties of Plasma Pretreated/Metallic Salt Loaded Cotton Fabric Before and After Direct Dyeing

In this research work, cotton fabrics were pretreated with low temperature plasma (LTP) and then inoculated in various metallic salts and flame retardancy of cotton fabric was investigated. More polar functional groups were present on the substrate surface after LTP pretreatment. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂), zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄), lead (II) acetate [Pb(C₂H₃O₂)₂], aluminium sulfate [Al₂(SO₄)₃] and silver nitrate (AgNo₃) were used as metallic salts. The flame retardancy of the samples was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and char yield. Good flame retardant activity for Al₂(SO₄)₃ and AgNo₃ treated fabrics were achieved, however, the effect of TiO₂ and ZnSO₄ on flame retardany of cotton fabrics was moderate. It was concluded that, nitrogen plasma pretreatment, improve the flame retardant properties of cotton samples. The plasma treated and Aluminium sulfate loaded cotton fabric sample has a LOI value of 23.3. It shows that, nitrogen plasma pretreatment has synergistic effect on metallic salts for improving the flame retardant properties of cotton samples. In this research work, the dyeability of samples after loading with metallic salts was investigated. Also effect of dyeing on flame retardant properties was studied. The cotton fabrics treated with metallic salts demonstrate an excellent dyeability property. Color intensities of the dyed fabrics were measured by using a UV VIS–NIR Reflective Spectrophotometer, over the range of 200–800 nm. The results showed that, by using silver nitrate as mordant before dying, the relative color strength (K/S values) of the dyed fabrics has been increased. Water drop test and wash fastness determination (ISO 105-C01) were conducted. Also Electronic Crock meter/Rubbing Fastness Tester AATCC 8 was used to determine the color fastness of textiles. We also concluded that dyeing the plasma treated and inoculated cotton fabrics do not have any negative effect on flame retardancy of cotton fabric.     

Influence of dielectric barrier discharge treatment on mechanical and dyeing properties of wool

Physical and chemical properties of wool surface significantly affect the absorbency,rate of dye bath exhaustion and fixation of the industrial dyes.Hence,surface modification is a necessary operation prior to coloration process in wool wet processing industries.Plasma treatment is an effective alternative for physiochemical modification of wool surface.However,optimum processing parameters to get the expected modification are still under investigation,hence this technology is still under development in the wool wet processing industries.Therefore,in this paper,treatment parameters with the help of simple dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor and air as a plasma gas,which could be a promising combination for treatment of wool substrate at industrial scale were schematically studied,and their influence on the water absorbency,mechanical,and dyeing properties of twill woven wool fabric samples are reported.It is expected that the results will assist to the wool coloration industries to improve the dyeing processes.     

微波辐射纸浆多段漂白工艺研究

采用正交试验方法对纸浆多段漂白工艺中NaOH用量、辐射功率、碱处理时间及漂白工艺组合等因素进行了优化,并用红外光谱和纤维分析法对微波辐射纸浆漂白机理进行了研究。多段漂白的最佳工艺条件是:一段H2O2漂白,微波辐射功率240W,处理时间2.5min,H2O2用量5%,NaOH用量4%;二段NaOH碱处理,微波辐射功率200W,处理时间1min,NaOH用量3.5%;三段NaClO漂白,微波辐射功率240W,处理时间2.5min,NaClO用量4.2%,NaOH用量1%。在该工艺条件下,纸浆白度达78%ISO以上。红外光谱检测发现反应后木素的结构骨架大体上不起变化。纤维分析测定结果发现纸浆纤维形态基本上没有发生变化。     

Effect of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment/Followed by Chitosan Grafting on Antifelting and Dyeability of Wool Fabric

Effect of chitosan on antifelting and dyability of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) pretreated wool fabric were evaluated. We have used a DBD, working in an atmospheric pressure air for pretreatment of wool fabric. The chitosan was applied to pretreated wool fabrics by using pad-dry cure technique. The anti-felting properties of the wool samples were studied and it was shown that the shrink resistance and anti-felting behavior of the wool had been significantly improved by the DBD pretreatment followed by chitosan grafting. In addition, dye ability of wool fabrics after plasma/chitosan treatment is improved. Some analytical skills such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope were used to characterize the different aspects of the treated fabric.     

紫外线照射对羊毛织物表面理化性能的影响

利用相关表面性能测试方法对紫外线照射前后羊毛织物的表面化学组成、亲水性和微观结构进行表征。结果表明,紫外线照射过程可能是部分破坏了羊毛织物上具有疏水特性的胱氨酸和二硫键及非极性的C-C键,并同时提高了表面羟基、含N基团和C-O键的含量,使织物的亲水性能得到增强,且在紫外线照射羊毛织物静态水接触角降低、毛效提高的结果中得到证实;在低功率、短时间的处理条件下,紫外线照射羊毛织物引起的化学刻蚀未对纤维表面形貌及结晶区结构造成明显变化,仅略微提升了羊毛织物的粗糙程度。综合紫外线照射对羊毛织物表面理化性能的影响,认为该方法利于毛纺染整加工。     

放射性岩棉玻璃固化过程中的关键工艺参数

针对放射性岩棉的玻璃固化配方,分别进行了高温粘度及低温粘度研究,对按照优化工艺参数制得的放射性岩棉玻璃固化体进行性能验证与评价。结果表明:优化配方玻璃熔融体高温粘度曲线方程为η=1.27×10-8×e29 794.11/T,相关系数达到0.999 1,预测优选熔化温度为1 181℃、成型操作前期温度范围为1 034~914℃、成型操作后期温度范围为914~619℃;优选退火温度范围为544~574℃;按照优化工艺参数制得的玻璃体均匀性好,密度满足玻璃固化体要求,玻璃化程度高,机械强度较高,表明研究所得的工艺参数为适用于放射性岩棉配方的优化结果,为等离子体高温焚烧装置的优化设计及放射性岩棉玻璃固化配方的工程应用提供了参考依据。     

电子束辐照接枝对棉织物抗皱/拒水拒油性能的影响

利用MG-6600型拒水拒油剂以及柠檬酸抗皱剂,以轧烘焙、电子束辐照接枝、等离子体预处理-电子束辐照接枝三种工艺对棉织物进行后整理。傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)证明拒水拒油剂与柠檬酸已成功接枝于棉纤维上;扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析表明经三种工艺整理后的棉织物表面均有一层覆盖物,且经等离子预处理后的织物表面出现纵向条纹。通过测量棉织物折皱回复角(WRA)、对水的接触角(WCA)、对油(正十六烷)的接触角(OCA)大小来表征织物性能的变化。结果表明,在等离子体预处理-电子束辐照接枝工艺条件下,棉织物的抗皱、拒水、拒油性能达到最优,其WRA为185.9°,WCA为158.9°,OCA为129.1°,断裂强力、白度值均能满足服用要求,同时棉织物的耐水洗性能大大提高。     

大型单板源Co-60辐照装置的排源方法和实践

本文详细论述了中金辐照成都有限公司BFT-IV辐照装置第二次加源所用排源方案的设计方法和过程。通过理论公式计算该辐照装置源架16个模件的活度占总活度的最优化比例,将新采购的放射源按此比例分为16个小组,装入源架对应模件中,模件内部源棒由人工以均匀方式布置。利用MCNP_4C软件建立辐照装置数学模型,计算剂量分布,用第一次加源后的剂量场分布测试结果验证MCNP模型的有效性。分别计算因人工排列不同形成的多个排源方案的剂量分布,选取最优的排源方案装源。装源后进行剂量分布测试,对于0.1g·cm–3的产品,射线利用率16.7%,辐照箱吸收剂量最大不均度为1.36,优于第一次加源后的剂量分布测试结果,证明排源方法及方案合理有效。     

Static properties and moisture content properties of polyester fabrics modified by plasma treatment and chemical finishing

Low temperature plasma treatment has been conducted in textile industry and has some success in the dyeing and finishing processes. In this paper, an attempt was made to apply low temperature plasma treatment to improve the anti-static property of polyester fabric. The polyester fabrics were treated under different conditions using low temperature plasma. An Orthogonal Array Testing Strategy was employed to determine the optimum treatment condition. After low temperature plasma treatment, the polyester fabrics were evaluated with different characterisation methods. Under the observation of scanning electron microscope, the surface structure of low temperature plasma-treated polyester fabric was seriously altered. This provided more capacity for polyester to capture moisture and hence increase the dissipation of static charges. The relationship between moisture content and half-life decay time for static charges was studied and the results showed that the increment of moisture content would result in shortening the time for the dissipation of static charges. Moreover, there was a great improvement in the anti-static property of the low temperature plasma-treated polyester fabric after comparing with that of the polyester fabric treated with commercial anti-static finishing agent.