共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 265 毫秒
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主控室由于火灾等因素可能失去控制或丧失可居留性,导致运行人员撤离主控室至远程停堆站进行核电厂指挥和控制的场景。对运行人员主控室撤离场景的定量化是火灾概率安全分析的重要内容和技术难点,但国内核电工程项目一般采用保守或专家判断的方法进行定量化,未进行详细研究。论文基于NUREG-1921及其增补版导则,结合国内核电厂实际情况,对主控室撤离场景三个阶段情景及其定量化方法进行了研究。以国内某核电厂主控室撤离场景为例,开展了人员访谈和定量化分析。案例表明该核电厂针对主控室不可控的撤离没有明确规定,导致其人误概率较大,尽管该情景条件概率较低,但后果严重,建议核电厂增加相应程序。本研究为国内核电工程项目开展主控室撤离场景的定量化提供参考。 相似文献
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核事故应急撤离是核应急响应的重要组成部分, 目的在于快速有效地将可能受到事故影响的人员转移至安全地区。本文根据海上浮动核电站的运行场址与运行特点, 对海上浮动核电站应急响应特征进行分析, 给出了浮动核电站应急等级划分和应急计划区范围。结合陆地核电站场区撤离与海洋平台撤离疏散方法, 制定了海上浮动核电站应急撤离情景与撤离分析假设。对浮动核电站人员撤离的分析结果表明, 浮动核电站人员撤离满足客船撤离要求, 及海上浮动核电站应急撤离的时间要求。关键词: 海上浮动核电站; 核应急; 应急计划区;应急响应; 应急撤离 相似文献
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在集中撤离和自行撤离有机结合的基础上,开展仿真推演,估算分析在不同硬件配套设施情况下福清市小麦屿公众从岛内撤离至岛外的总体撤离时间,为开展小麦屿公众核应急防护行动提供技术基础,为小麦屿和其他核电厂周围岛屿公众核事故应急撤离提供启示。 相似文献
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将概率风险评价方法应用于核电厂的应急撤离模拟,利用自主编写的简化撤离模拟程序,结合厂址事故源项、人口、道路、气象条件等特征,对多个核电厂应急撤离条件下公众与工作人员可能的受照剂量和风险进行了对比分析。在此基础上,结合霞浦厂址应急道路方案遇到的实际问题,在保证事故应急状态下公众和工作人员能够有效撤离的同时,对应急道路方案进行了比选,为工程的实施提供借鉴和参考。相关程序和方法也可为后续发展海岛核电、小型供热堆等提供技术支持,有助于更直观地开展核电公众沟通。 相似文献
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《中国核电》2019,(1)
核电厂应急撤离是指当核电厂在运行期间发生重大核事故导致或可能导致大量放射性物质被释放到大气环境时,所采取的一种能够有效避免或减少公众辐射危害的应急防护措施。在核电厂发生重大核安全事故时,组织核电厂工作人员和应急计划区内(EPZ)公众有序、快速撤离到应急计划区外是核电厂应急计划的重要组成内容,也是事故情况下保障核电厂工作人员及周边公众健康和安全的重要途径。基于微观交通模型的核电厂应急撤离是以追踪单个个体的撤离行动轨迹为基础来对撤离时间进行估算分析的一种方法,不但可以详细地记录每个撤离个体的出发时间、行驶路径、最大速度、平均速度、拥堵时间、结束时间,而且还能得到撤离过程中各条道路的通行能力、拥堵状况。本文通过调研国内外核事故应急撤离条件评价方法、模式和成果,根据我国实际情况提出适用于我国核事故应急撤离条件的核电厂应急撤离微观交通模型。 相似文献
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This study integrated the nuclear power plant simulation software, PCTRAN, with an atmospheric diffusion model to efficiently evaluate a nuclear power plant accident and its off-site dose consequences. PCTRAN, with its user-friendly interface, provides a fast simulation scheme that can simulate many kinds of nuclear power plant accidents. Once accident initiation events are activated in the software, the plant parameters are calculated and displayed via animations on the user interface. Based on the simulated plant conditions, the radioactive materials considered in the software may be released from the plant to the environment. In this study, a dispersion algorithm, including a modified atmospheric diffusion model and its programming method, is proposed such that PCTRAN satisfies the application requirements to be used to plan nuclear emergency responses. First, the modified atmospheric diffusion model handles the variations of meteorological conditions (wind direction, wind velocity, and stability category) during a nuclear power plant accident simulation. Furthermore, the proposed programming method promotes calculation capability and efficiency by reducing the computational burden. For demonstration purposes, a postulated accident event was simulated for the Maanshan Nuclear Power Plant in Taiwan. The overall accident evolution, whole plant response, and off-site dose consequences could be predicted much earlier than what actually occurs. The thyroid and whole body dose rates (and their accumulations) as a function of accident time are displayed on the map within the emergency planning zone (EPZ). The influence of the accident on the off-site area can thus be estimated earlier, and the emergency classification can be determined by referring to the emergency action levels (EALs) for a quick nuclear emergency response. 相似文献
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国家核安全法规导则和要求规定,在核电厂选址阶段应当对厂址区域执行应急预案的可行性加以论证,确认在整个寿期内实施应急预案不存在不可克服的困难。本文介绍了核电厂厂址区域实施应急预案可行性分析的关注要素,以及实施隐蔽、撤离和食品饮用水控制可行性的分析方法,以期为后续核电厂址区域实施应急预案可行性工作分析提供参考。 相似文献
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Yi-Hsiang Cheng Chunkuan Shih Sow-Chyuang Jiang Tong-Li Weng 《Annals of Nuclear Energy》2008,35(5):917-926
This study integrated the nuclear power plant simulation software, PCTRAN, with the atmospheric puff model to efficiently evaluate a nuclear power plant accident and its offsite dose consequences. PCTRAN is a PC based simulation code with user-friendly interface, and is capable of running faster than real time. Accident initiation events can be activated in the software, and the radioactive materials may be released from the plant to the environment. To reduce the computational burden, the software developed in this study considers those radioactive materials are released at the end of every time interval, which is user-predetermined. Therefore, during the progression of the simulated transient or accident, puffs are sequentially generated and dispersed in all directions governed by the Pasquill stability category, wind velocity, and wind direction. The thyroid and whole body dose rates (and their accumulations) are shown as a color-shaded plot on the map at every spatial location within the emergency planning zone (EPZ). In this study, a postulated scenario was simulated to predict its dose consequences during the accident progression. All simulation results, such as the plant state parameters, the activation of control systems, the level of dose, and so on, are visualized in colorful and animated images on the interface. This study also demonstrates that PCTRAN executes the simulation faster than the accident time, so as to facilitate PCTRAN in the application of nuclear emergency response. 相似文献
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船用核动力装置专家系统技术研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以船用核动力装置为研究对象 ,建立了运行在仿真机上的全工况核动力装置运行仿真系统。利用智能专家控制理论 ,建立了能够管理整个装置运行的 ,能对典型运行故障进行检测与诊断的管理运行专家系统。此系统在出现故障时能及时调用知识库专家知识进行专家推理 ,分析核动力装置控制实际运行中典型故障产生的原因及解决方法、故障诊断处理具有实时性 ;利用神经网络理论 ,建立了神经网络故障检测与诊断专家系统 ,此系统将不断检测核动力装置各系统 ,并根据检测数据给出故障诊断结果。结果表明 ,在核动力装置三层智能控制结构下 ,利用神经网络故障检测与诊断专家系统对船舶核动力装置可能的运行故障进行险测与诊断 ,利用运行管理专家系统对核动力装置进行运行管理 ,提高了船用核动力装置的运行性能。所进行的专家系统研究对船用核动力装置的安全运行具有一定的指导意义 相似文献