辐射接枝改性制备功能无纺布用于酸性溶液中Au(Ⅲ)的选择性吸附

为实现酸性溶液中Au(Ⅲ)的选择性回收，本研究以聚乙烯/聚丙烯（PE/PP）皮芯结构无纺布为基材，通过丙烯腈与丙烯酸的辐射接枝以及硫化钠改性制备得到含硫代酰胺基和羧基的双官能化无纺布吸附材料。通过红外光谱、热重分析、扫描电镜、能谱分析、接触角测定、X射线光电子能谱和X射线衍射等测试对改性无纺布的结构与性能进行表征。通过批量吸附试验对改性无纺布的吸附性能进行测定。结果表明：改性无纺布在较宽pH范围（2～7）内具有良好的Au(Ⅲ)吸附能力；在共存金属离子体系中具备良好的Au(Ⅲ)选择性，选择系数介于55.00～2 429.17，金回收率可达98.5%；改性无纺布的饱和Au(Ⅲ)吸附容量为133.91 mg/g，吸附行为符合准二级动力学和Langmuir等温吸附模型；Au(Ⅲ)在吸附中可被还原为以晶体形式存在的Au(0)；通过对吸附后样品的简单高温处理可去除吸附材料，实现金的回收。     

偕胺肟基聚乙烯无纺布的制备及其铀吸附性能

以聚乙烯(PE)无纺布为基材,通过电子束预辐射接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,然后依次与乙二胺、马来酸酐反应,再经过偶氮二异丁腈引发丙烯腈聚合,最后经过偕胺肟化成功地制备了一种新型偕胺肟基PE无纺布吸附材料(PE-g-AO)。通过全反射红外光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪和扫描电子显微镜对PE无纺布改性前后的化学结构和微观形貌进行了表征。结果表明:PE-g-AO无纺布对模拟含氟含铀溶液中铀酰离子的吸附容量为71.92 mg/g (铀初始浓度:20 mg/L;NaF:2.0 g/L;吸附剂:0.2 g/L;吸附时间:216 h);当吸附剂用量为1.0 g/L时,溶液中的铀酰离子基本被全部吸附,残留浓度为0.04 mg/L,达到国家排放标准;该吸附材料在UO₂²⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺、Na⁺多离子溶液中对UO²²⁺离子具有较好的铀吸附选择性。     

预辐射聚丙烯纤维接枝N-异丙基丙烯酰胺及其对Fe(II)离子的吸附

采用预辐射接枝法,将N?异丙基丙烯酰胺(N-Isopropylacryamide,NIPAAm)接枝于聚丙烯纤维。研究了不同条件下接枝纤维对亚铁离子的吸附和解吸附情况。结果表明,在较低温度(5℃)及pH≈0条件下,接枝纤维对金属离子(Fe2 )具有良好的吸附性能;而在较高温度(50℃)下pH≈3时,被吸附的Fe2 几乎能被较完全解脱下来。     

预辐射聚丙烯纤维接枝N-异丙基丙烯酰胺及其对Fe(Ⅱ)离子的吸附

采用预辐射接枝法，将N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（N-Isopropylacryamide，NIPAAm）接枝于聚丙烯纤维。研究了不同条件下接枝纤维对亚铁离子的吸附和解吸附情况。结果表明，在较低温度（5℃）及pH≈10条件下，接枝纤维对金属离子（Fe^2＋）具有良好的吸附性能；而在较高温度（50℃）下pH≈3时，被吸附的Fe^2＋几乎能被较完全解脱下来。     

预辐射接枝丙烯酰胺改性PVDF粉体及其亲水性滤膜的制备

通过γ射线预辐射接枝方法将丙烯酰胺(Acryl amide,AAm)单体接枝到聚偏氟乙烯Poly(vinylidene fluoride),PVDF]粉体上,通过测定粉体接枝前后氟元素含量的变化来计算接枝率.研究了同一单体浓度下,接枝率随反应时间的变化规律,并将具有不同接枝率的改性粉体溶解在N-甲基吡咯烷酮(N-met...     

预辐照接枝丙烯酸与丙烯酰胺改性苎麻纤维及其吸附铜离子性能研究

将丙烯酸(AA)与丙烯酰胺(AM)通过预辐照接枝在苎麻纤维上,通过协同作用提高其接枝率,并研究了其对Cu2+的吸附性能。傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)对苎麻纤维表面分析结果显示,AA及AM成功接枝在苎麻纤维上,吸收剂量为35kGy时,接枝率可达151%(AA与AM浓度比为1∶1)。对Cu2+的吸附实验结果表明,接枝后的苎麻纤维在吸附反应初期,Cu2+吸附量迅速增加,20~30min增加速度变缓,30min后趋于饱和;随着温度升高,吸附量迅速增加,但温度高于40℃后,吸附量不再增加;吸附量随初始Cu2+浓度的增加而增大,在初始浓度为1 000mg/L的Cu2+溶液中,苎麻纤维的Cu2+吸附量可达14.40mg/g。     

磷钼酸铵负载聚丙烯无纺布吸附剂的辐射接枝法制备及其对Cs(Ⅰ)的吸附性能

采用电子束引发预辐射接枝法,将甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯(GMA)接枝到聚丙烯(PP)无纺布上,接枝同时将磷钼酸铵(AMP)物理包裹到接枝聚合链缝隙中,生成了负载有AMP的PP-g-GMA接枝物(PP-gGMA@AMP),AMP负载率为5.72%,GMA接枝率为32.41%。研究发现:在pH=6时,PP-g-GMA@AMP对Cs(Ⅰ)的吸附效率达到最大为97.23%;吸附剂PP-g-GMA@AMP的吸附动力学行为符合准二级动力学方程,吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,理论最大吸附容量为2.59 mg/g;PP-g-GMA@AMP具有良好的重复利用性,重复利用3次吸附容量仅降低9.91%;Na(Ⅰ)、Ca(Ⅰ)和Mg(Ⅱ)溶液中,吸附剂对Cs(Ⅰ)依旧具有很强的选择性吸附能力,吸附平衡时,Cs(Ⅰ)的分配系数达120.45,Na(Ⅰ)、Mg(Ⅱ)和Ca(Ⅱ)的分配系数仅为2.71、1.23和1.84。根据分配系数的差异,通过0.5 mol/L NH₄Cl溶液洗脱,实现了Cs(Ⅰ)和Na(Ⅰ)、Mg(Ⅱ)、Ca(Ⅱ)的动态柱色谱分离,并将Cs(Ⅰ)流出液体积浓缩至进料...     

聚丙烯胺肟螯合纤维的辐射合成及其对Pb(Ⅱ)离子的吸附性能

采用预辐照接枝法,在空气或氮气气氛下利用电子束对聚丙烯纤维进行辐照。然后,将样品置于4种不同溶剂(水、甲醇、正丁醇、10％甲醇水溶液)的丙烯腈溶液体系中进行接枝反应,并通过与盐酸羟胺溶液反应,引入胺肟基团,获得一种机械性能较好的偕胺肟螯合纤维(PPAO)。最后浸于硝酸铅标准溶液中,测定其对铅的吸附量。结果表明,接枝率与预辐照气氛、反应温度、反应液体积、单体浓度都有密切关系。聚丙烯纤维在水溶液和10％甲醇水溶液中接枝率较高。当纤维在空气中预辐照,丙烯腈单体体积浓度为30％,温度为70℃时,聚丙烯纤维的接枝率最高;对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附容量为0．362mg／g(纤维)。     

聚乙烯膜表面辐射接枝甲基丙烯酸-4,5-二甲氧基-2-硝基苯甲酯实现光敏化

通过预辐射接枝方法将光敏性单体甲基丙烯酸-4,5-二甲氧基-2-硝基苯甲酯(DMNBMA)以共价键方式接枝到聚乙烯(PE)表面。系统地研究了辐射接枝动力学,考察了吸收剂量、反应温度、反应时间、单体浓度等因素对接枝率的影响。通过红外光谱(FT-IR)对接枝后材料的化学结构进行了表征,结果表明DMNBMA成功接枝到PE上。用紫外光对接枝后样品PE-g-PDMNBMA进行照射,使接枝链上的光敏基团4,5-二甲氧基-2-硝基苯甲酯发生光解反应而转化为羧基,红外表征证明了光解反应成功进行,同时接触角测试证明材料经紫外光照后由疏水变成了亲水。辐射接枝DMNBMA可以成功实现对材料表面的光敏化修饰。     

PVDF粉体预辐照接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯制备锂离子二次电池隔膜研究

以聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）粉体为基材,采用预辐照接枝方法,在PVDF粉体上用乳液聚合接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）,并采用溶液铸膜的方法制备了PVDF-g-PGMA膜。利用红外光谱（FTIR）,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,压汞仪,电导率测试等分析表征手段对制备的PVDF—g-PGMA膜进行了表征。在氩气手套箱中组装成扣式电池,在电池测试系统上测试扣式电池的充放电循环性能。测试结果表明,在相同制备条件下,以PVDF-g-PGMA作为隔膜的锂离子电池性能优于以PVDF作为隔膜的锂离子电池性能。     

Adsorption behavior of uranyl ions onto amino-type adsorbents prepared by radiation-induced graft copolymerization

Amino-type adsorbents(ATAs) were prepared by radiation-induced graft copolymerization of 4-hydroxybutyl acry late glycidyl ether(HB) onto a polyethylene-coated polypropylene(PE/PP) duplex fiber of a non-woven fabric,and modified with different amines of ethylenediamine(EDA),diethylenetriamine(DETA),triethylenetetramine(TETA) and diethylamine(DEA).The adsorption behavior of uranyl ions onto the ATAs was studied in batch experiments.The effects of the contact time,initial concentration of the ions,temperature,and pH value.The salinity were investigated along with the adsorption kinetics and the adsorption isotherms.The kinetic experimental data followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model,and the adsorption isotherms correlated well with the Langmuir model.The ATAs showed good efficiency in adsorbing uranyl ions,with the best saturation adsorption capacity being 64.26 mg g~(-1) for ATA-DETA within 120 min.The temperature dependence of ATADETA was quite abnormal and the quickest behavior was obtained at 25 ℃.ATAs showed good adsorption capacity over a wide pH range of 4.0-8.5,and HCl could be used in the elution process.Salinity of the solution had great effect on the adsorption capacity,3.5%salinity resulted in a 55%loss of capacity from ATA-DETA.The selectivity of ATA-DETA showed an order of:UO_2~(2+)≈Fe~(3+) Zn~(2+) VO_3~- Co~(2+) Ni~(2+).     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维预辐照接枝丙烯酸甲酯

采用预辐照接枝的方法研究了丙烯酸甲酯（MA）单体在超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维表面的接枝聚合反应。考察了吸收剂量、单体浓度、接枝聚合反应温度对接枝率的影响。结果表明：UHMWPE纤维接枝MA的接枝率较高,最高可达约151％,接枝率随吸收剂量、单体浓度、反应温度升’高而增加。用红外光谱法分析了接枝前后纤维官能团的变化,通过扫描电镜观察了接枝前后纤维表面的形貌。     

Removal of cesium from radioactive wastewater using magnetic chitosan beads cross-linked with glutaraldehyde

A novel magnetic chitosan bead cross-linked with glutaraldehyde was prepared, characterized and applied for Cs(I) removal from aqueous solution. Characteristics and mechanism of Cs(I) removal were investigated. The equilibrium data of Cs(I) adsorption by magnetic chitosan beads were fitted using the Langmuir,Freundlich, Tempkin, Redlich–Peterson(R–P), Slips and Dubini–Radushkevich(D–R) models. The maximum adsorption capacity was estimated at 3.86 mg/g from the Langmuir isotherm. FTIR study revealed that N atom was mainly involved in Cs(I) sorption by magnetic chitosan.The magnetic chitosan is a promising adsorbing material for treating Cs(I)-containing radioactive wastewater.     

Fabrication of a polymer with three-dimensional structure by the ion beam graft polymerization method

The graft polymerization method is one of the most effective techniques to produce a new polymer with unique function. To produce the polymer, we conducted experiments on radiation graft polymerization using ion beams of several hundred keV energy. A high density polyethylene (PE) film was irradiated with H⁺ beams, then, graft polymerization with monomer solution such as acrylic acid or acrylonitrile was conducted. Radicals generated by the interaction between the beam ions and the PE molecules become the starting point of the graft polymerization. Since the range in PE depends on ion energy, the density distribution of the graft chain can be controlled by the ion energy. Using a mask which restricts the ion beam incidence, PE sheets containing graft chains only in the unmasked area were obtained. Multiple ion beam graft polymerization can produce a polymer which has some functional bases at specified position. We have demonstrated the production of a polymer film with a three-dimensional structure.     

Adsorption of ^117mSn（IV）—EDTMP on hydroxyapatite and collagen

Some organic phosphines labeled with ^117mSn(IV) have been proved promising for imaging and pain palliation of bone tumor.In this paper,a preliminary investigation on the adsorption characteristics of EDTMP(ethelenediaminetetramethylene phosphoric acid)labeled with ^117Sn(IV) on HA( hydroxyapatitie)and collagen,and an investigation on the adsorption mechanism of ^117mSn(IV)-EDTMP on HA was presented.     

杯芳烃双冠醚萃淋树脂对Cs+的吸附性能

利用真空灌注技术合成了萃淋树脂B4DC6/P120,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FTIR)等手段对材料进行了表征.通过静态吸附实验,研究了接触时间、HNO3浓度、温度和共存离子对B4DC6/P120吸附Cs+性能的影响,并通过动态吸附实验研究B4DC6/P120对Cs+的穿透曲线.结果表明:B4DC6/P120...     

Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒对钴和锶的吸附

为降低90Sr和60Co对环境的污染,用共沉淀法制备了粒径为10 nm的Fe3O4磁性微粒,分散于水中生成饱和磁化强度（M）为350 kA/m的水基磁流体,用此磁流体对Co2+, Sr2+进行了吸附研究。结果表明,在45 ℃,吸附60 min时,Co2+, Sr2+分别在pH=7和pH=8下达到吸附平衡,吸附容量为1.794, 0.962 mmol/g。用Langmuir等温模型、假二级动力学模型探讨了Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒对Co2+, Sr2+的吸附机制,研究结果表明,该过程是单离子层吸附过程。