基于联合信源信道和迭代解码的LDPC编码方案

为了研究数据压缩的协作通信编码，提出一种联合信源信道的LDPC编码方案，并设计了一种迭代解码的中继框架。首先，源节点借助一个中继节点向目的地节点发送相关内容，并在两个节点处应用分布式联合信源信道的LDPC编码；然后，基于矩阵运算在源节点处进行LDPC源编码，将LDPC信道编码应用于中继处，通过噪声信道将相应的码字转发到目的地；最后，利用剩余信源相关性和信源-中继相关性，提供对信源序列的最佳估计。实验结果表明，与其他类似中继编码方案相比，所提方案在误比特率方面具有较大改善，对于中等和较低的错误概率，性能表现稳健，并且当错误概率低于0.05时，所提方案表现出与无错误环境相似的性能。     

Multi-resolution Layered Coding for Real-Time Image Transmission: Architectural and Error Control Considerations

We examine the rationale for and systems aspects of using layered coding for the transmission of images and video over heterogeneous communication networks. We advocate multi-resolution layered coding (MLC) and present architectural alternatives that can support it within the scope of existing standards and technologies. Since the premise of layered coding is controlled loss, the issues of error control and concealment are central. We demonstrate that MLC exhibits good error tolerance, effectively compensating for errors in situations where traditional error concealment schemes, based on the interpolation of pixels in adjacent blocks, are ineffective. In particular, MLC yields a higher peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) than two-layer coding when packet loss occurs in the base layer. Finally, we show that MLC can effectively exploit efficient network error control strategies which distribute redundancy non-uniformly and provide unequal levels of protection across layers.     

Packet loss resilience using unequal forward error correction assignment for video transmission over communication networks

Forward error correction (FEC) methods have been developed for packet loss resilience in application layer for real-time video transmission over communication networks. In this paper, an efficient packet loss resilience method is proposed using closed form solution for unequal FEC assignment based on a new packet distortion model. We first derive the packet distortion model by investigating the error concealment property and error propagation effect in H.264. To select the source and channel rate minimizing the overall distortion, we present a model-based rate allocation algorithm using the packet distortion model and rate-distortion function. Then we propose the closed form solution for unequal FEC assignment, which uses the packet distortion model and considers channel status information. Simulation results show that the proposed method gives substantial improvement for the received video quality in packet-lossy Internet and wireless network environments, while it requires much less computational complexity compared to the previous scheme.     

基于分段模型的信源容错译码算法

针对无损信源编码存在误码扩散的问题,建立了以最大后验概率估计为基础的信源序列分段译码模型,设计了基于统计模型的容错译码算法。该算法充分利用了信源编码数据的残留冗余,较好地消除了无损压缩数据对误码的敏感性,为文本压缩数据的容错译码提供了新思路。实验结果表明,该算法具有纠正信源数据中误码的能力,能够显著减少信息损失。     

Iterative joint source-channel decoding of speech spectrum parameters over an additive white Gaussian noise channel

In this paper, we show how the Gaussian mixture modeling framework used to develop efficient source encoding schemes can be further exploited to model source statistics during channel decoding in an iterative framework to develop an effective joint source-channel decoding scheme. The joint probability density function (PDF) of successive source frames is modeled as a Gaussian mixture model (GMM). Based on previous work, the marginal source statistics provided by the GMM is used at the encoder to design a low-complexity memoryless source encoding scheme. The source encoding scheme has the specific advantage of providing good estimates to the probability of occurrence of a given source code-point based on the GMM. The proposed iterative decoding procedure works with any channel code whose decoder can implement the soft-output Viterbi algorithm that uses a priori information (APRI-SOVA) or the BCJR algorithm to provide extrinsic information on each source encoded bit. The source decoder uses the GMM model and the channel decoder output to provide a priori information back to the channel decoder. Decoding is done in an iterative manner by trading extrinsic information between the source and channel decoders. Experimental results showing improved decoding performance are provided in the application of speech spectrum parameter compression and communication.     

高效率视频编码中基于块整合的错误隐藏算法

针对新一代视频编码标准高效率视频编码(HEVC)编码单元(CU)尺寸较大所导致的丢包后错误隐藏恢复效果不佳的问题,提出了对CU下的分割块进行块融合的错误隐藏方法。首先,分析了残差能量与块分割的相关性;然后,通过参考帧残差能量与所设阈值进行比较判决,对当前丢失CU分割块进行融合,得到丢失CU的块分割方式;其次,对矢量外推法进行权值优化,保证了算法在HEVC错误隐藏的适用性;最后,对融合块采用优化后的矢量外推法进行错误隐藏。实验结果表明,与经典错误隐藏方法如拷贝法、运动补偿法等相比,基于块融合的错误隐藏在保证解码视频结构相似性(SSIM)的同时提高了不同运动性的解码视频峰值信噪比(PSNR),验证了算法的可行性。     

H.264高清视频解码实时错误掩盖算法

针对IP网络丢包条件下的H.264高清视频实时解码问题,分析高清视频码流的特点,提出一种实时错误掩盖算法。该算法利用丢失片的边缘宏块信息,以垂直距离为权值加权平均预测得到错误宏块的运动矢量,进而完成错误掩盖。实验表明,与Joint模型中的错误掩盖算法相比,该算法提升了重建图像的主观质量和客观质量,计算复杂度较低,错误掩盖效果较好,适用于高清实时解码。     

极化码与奇偶校验码的级联编码：面向5G及未来移动通信的编码方案

基于信道极化 定理而提出的极化码是目前唯一被严格理论证明可以达到香农容量限的编码,并被接受为第五代移动通信系统（5G）中短码控制信道的编码方案。本文首先给出极化码的编码和译码原理,然后提出一种极化码与奇偶校验码级联的设计方案,发送端编码器采用奇偶校验码作为外码,极化码作为内码的级联编码结构。接收端译码器采用基于奇偶校验辅助的连续消 除列表译码算法。相比于极化码与循环冗余校验码的级联方案,本文提出的级联设计方案具有更加优良的纠错性能,且没有提升编、译码的复杂度,有能力满足5G移动通信控制信道对纠错性能的要求。     

磁盘阵列错误隐藏的DCT系数重建算法研究

基于DCT变换的图象压缩，以块为单位进行DCT变换把图象从时域转换到领域，由于能量主要集中在少数低频系数，再结合量化、编码，可以实现有效的压缩，基于DCT的错误隐藏算法可用于客户端挖重建图象，隐藏存储系统或传输信道带来的错误，本文针对磁盘阵列中单个磁盘原失效，提出了三种客户端的基DCT编码的图象错误隐藏算法，并进行了验证。     

Efficient graphics processing unit based layered decoders for quasicyclic low‐density parity‐check codes

Because layered low‐density parity‐check (LDPC) decoding algorithm was proposed, one can exploit the diversity gain to achieve performance comparable to the traditional two‐phase message passing (TPMP) decoding but with about twice faster decoding convergence compared to TPMP. In order to reduce the decoding time of layered LDPC decoder, a graphics processing unit (GPU) is exploited as the modem processor so that the decoding procedure can be processed in parallel using numerous threads in the GPU. In this paper, we present the parallel algorithms and efficient implementations on the GPU for two different layered message passing schemes, the row‐layered and column‐layered decoding. In the experiments, the quasicyclic LDPC codes for WiFi (802.11n) and WiMAX (802.16e) are decoded by the proposed layered LDPC decoders. The experimental results show that our decoder has good bit error ratio (BER) performance comparable to TPMP decoder. The peak throughput is 712 Mbps, which is about two orders of magnitude faster than that of CPU implementation and comparable to the dedicated hardware solutions. Compared to the existing fastest GPU‐based implementation, the presented decoder can achieve a performance improvement of 2.3 times. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A fragile watermark error detection scheme for wireless video communications

In video communications over error-prone channels, compressed video streams are extremely sensitive to bit errors. Often random and burst bit errors impede correct decoding of parts of a received bitstream. Video decoders normally utilize error concealment techniques to repair a damaged decoded frame, but the effectiveness of these error concealment schemes relies heavily on correctly locating errors in the bitstream. In this paper, we propose a fragile watermark-based error detection and localization scheme called "force even watermarking (FEW)". A fragile watermark is forced onto quantized DCT coefficients at the encoder. If at the decoder side the watermark is no longer intact, errors exist in the bitstream associated with a particular macro-block (MB). Thanks to the watermark, bitstream errors can accurately be located at MB level, which facilitates proper error concealment. This paper describes the algorithm, model and analysis of the watermarking procedure. Our simulation results show that compared to the syntax-based error detection schemes, the proposed FEW scheme significantly improves the error detection capabilities of the video decoder, while the peak signal-to-noise ratio loss and additional computational costs due to watermark embedding and extraction are small.     

基于AVS-P2的自适应时空域错误隐藏方法

错误隐藏技术是视频传输中保证重建质量的重要技术,可以有效恢复传输过程中因传输环境恶劣等原因造成的信息丢失和错误,为了增强AVS-P2的抗传输差错能力,提出了一种基于冗余运动矢量的自适应时空域错误隐藏算法。对I帧中的受损宏块采用空域错误隐藏方法,利用受损宏块周围已正确解码像素值进行加权插值来恢复;而对非I帧中的受损宏块则采用时域错误隐藏方法,根据宏块的运动剧烈程度分别选择AVS-P2中通用的错误隐藏方法和基于冗余运动矢量的错误隐藏方法。最后,在AVS-P2 RM52_20080721平台上实现了该算法,大量仿真实验结果表明,所提方法相比原有方法,解码视频图像的客观质量和主观效果均得到了一定提升。因此,所提方法可以有效保证AVS-P2解码端接收视频的主观质量,增强了其抗传输差错能力。     

窃听攻击下子空间码的安全性

子空间码与随机线性网络编码相结合的网络系统具有编译码复杂度低、无需附加编码矢量和非相干通信等优点,曾被用于网络纠错。针对子空间码在窃听攻击下的安全性能,将攻击者猜测信源消息的成功概率作为子空间码的安全性度量。基于Cai和Yeung提出的网络窃听模型,采用线性代数和组合学方法,定量计算了攻击者的猜测概率并得到了闭式解。分析结果表明,子空间码具有概率意义下的弱安全性,但与许多完美安全或弱安全编码方案相比,子空间码具有复杂度低、灵活性高、拓扑不受限、可对抗多边窃听等优势,因此子空间码适用于计算受限且安全性能要求不高的应用。     

Vector rational interpolation schemes for erroneous motion field estimation applied to MPEG-2 error concealment

A study on the use of vector rational interpolation for the estimation of erroneously received motion fields of MPEG-2 predictively coded frames is undertaken in this paper, aiming further at error concealment (EC). Various rational interpolation schemes have been investigated, some of which are applied to different interpolation directions. One scheme additionally uses the boundary matching error and another one attempts to locate the direction of minimal/maximal change in the local motion field neighborhood. Another one further adopts bilinear interpolation principles, whereas a last one additionally exploits available coding mode information. The methods present temporal EC methods for predictively coded frames or frames for which motion information pre-exists in the video bitstream. Their main advantages are their capability to adapt their behavior with respect to neighboring motion information, by switching from linear to nonlinear behavior, and their real-time implementation capabilities, enabling them for real-time decoding applications. They are easily embedded in the decoder model to achieve concealment along with decoding and avoid post-processing delays. Their performance proves to be satisfactory for packet error rates up to 2% and for video sequences with different content and motion characteristics and surpass that of other state-of-the-art temporal concealment methods that also attempt to estimate unavailable motion information and perform concealment afterwards.     

基于支持向量机的图象插值及错误隐匿策略

如何对在有损网络环境中传输的视频进行错误隐匿是视频传输研究中的基本问题。支持向量机（SVM）是一种新兴的通用学习算法，是国际上机器学习领域新的热点。为了取得比现有方法更好的错误隐匿效果，提出了一种新的基于支持向量机回归估计的错误隐匿策略，首先建立了基于支持向量机回归估计的图像插值算法，并将其引入到错误隐匿问题中，然后用空域插值的方法达到错误隐匿的目的。实验结果表明，与目前采用的各种错误隐匿策略相比较，基于支持向量机的错误隐匿策略在错误隐匿效果和推广性能上都具有一定的优越性。     

Feedback-free rate-allocation scheme for transform domain Wyner–Ziv video coding

In most existing Wyner–Ziv video coding schemes, a feedback channel (FC) is expected at the decoder in order to allocate a proper bit rate for each Wyner–Ziv frame. However, FC not only results in additional latency but also increases decoding complexity due to the several feedback-decoding iterations. Moreover, FC may be unavailable in many practical video applications. In this paper, we propose a novel feedback-free rate-allocation scheme for transform domain Wyner–Ziv video coding (TD-WZVC), which predicts the rate for each Wyner–Ziv frame at the encoder without significantly increasing the complexity of the encoder. First, a correlation estimation model is presented to characterize the relationship between the source frame and the reference frame estimated at the encoder in TD-WZVC. Then, an efficient FC-free rate-allocation algorithm is proposed and a linear model is built to avoid both overestimation and underestimation of the real rate and obtain an optimal rate-distortion performance. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is able to achieve a good encoder rate allocation while still maintaining consistent coding efficiency.     

基于格雷码的无人机图像传输自适应译码算法

传统的无人机与地面接收机之间的信道编码采用Turbo码、LDPC码等.Turbo码和LDPC码译码复杂、实时性不足、硬件成本高,其中LDPC码在高信噪比时候易导致错误地板.格雷码运算复杂度低,运算时间少,硬件实现简单且功耗也相对更低.针对这一现状,本文提出了基于格雷码的无人机图像传输自适应译码算法.在格雷码软硬判决译码算法的基础上设计了依据奇偶校验位的译码判决机制.仿真结果表明,该算法复杂度低、运行速度快、可靠性好,硬件成本低,可在满足图像精度需求下自适应地选择合适的解码方法,提高解码速度.     

A Joint Source-Channel Video Coding Scheme Based on Distributed Source Coding

Recently, several error resilient schemes have been proposed to tackle the error propagation problem in the motion-compensated predictive video coding based on a promising technique—distributed source coding (DSC). However, these schemes mainly apply the distributed source codes for channel error correction, while under-utilizing their capability for data compression. A channel-aware joint source-channel video coding scheme based on DSC is proposed to eliminate the error propagation problem in predictive video coding in a more efficient way. It is known that near Slepian–Wolf bound DSC is achieved using powerful channel codes, assuming the source and its reference (also known as side-information) are connected by a virtual error-prone channel. In the proposed scheme, the virtual and real error-prone channels are fused so that a unified single channel code is applied to encode the current frame thus accomplishing a joint source-channel coding. Our analysis of the rate efficiency in recovering error propagation shows that the joint scheme can achieve a lower rate compared with performing source and channel coding separately. Simulation results show that the number of bits used for recovering from error propagation can be reduced by up to 10% using the proposed scheme compared to Sehgal–Jagmohan–Ahuja's DSC-based error resilient scheme.      

容错视频编码与传输技术研究

随着无线网络和多媒体技术应用的广泛和深入,在不可靠信道上传输视频的需求日益增长,视频编码和传输中的错误控制问题已经引起了广泛关注.本文全面回顾了过去10多年来的容错编码与传输技术,包括基于编码端的容错、基于解码端的差错掩盖以及信源信道联合编码.此外还对最新的视频编码标准H.264/AVC的容错工具进行了介绍并展望了容错视频编码与传输技术的发展方向.