Nb含量对W3M02Cr4V（Nb）高速钢组织和力学性能的影响

研究了0—1．5％Nb对25kg真空感应炉冶炼的W3M02Cr4V钢（％：0．8～1．1C、3．8～4.1Cr、2.9-3．2W、1．8-2．1Mo、1．0-1．3V）组织和力学性能的影响。试验结果表明：随着Nb含量提高，铸态组织中铌碳化物增多；淬火奥氏体晶粒变细；1180℃淬火时，1．2％-1．5％Nb钢比≤0．1％Nb钢HRC值提高了6．0；二次硬化能力和红硬性也得到了提高；使钢在较高淬火温度下的机械性能得到改善。     

微量稀土元素对奥氏体不锈钢21-4N显微组织及碳化物的影响

通过对21-4N钢添加微量稀土Ce元素,分析不同Ce含量对21-4N钢铸态、锻态下的显微组织的影响。结果表明:适量稀土Ce元素的加入,可以显著细化铸态树枝晶间距、"类珠光体"团及一次碳化物M_7C_3,改善铸态"类珠光体"形貌,减少一次碳化物数量;显著细化锻态奥氏体晶粒尺寸。当Ce含量过高,铸态"类珠光体"团粗化、一次碳化物数量增加;锻态奥氏体粗化。Ce元素含量0.011%≤w(Ce)≤0.015%时,21-4N钢的铸态"类珠光体"团尺寸小、形状球化,一次碳化物细小且数量增加;锻态奥氏体晶粒细小。     

铸态QT450-10金相与性能研究与分析

研究与分析不同金相组织的QT450-10铸态所对应的机械性能。分析表明,对QT450-10铸态机械性能影响最大的因素是球铁的石墨形态,当QT450-10铸态石墨球化级别为1～4级时,其机械性能合格,大于4级,则机械性能不合格。     

稀土对低合金耐磨铸钢组织和性能的影响

采用扫描电镜分析,硬度测试和摩擦性能测试等手段,研究了稀土对低合金耐磨铸钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,在低合金耐磨铸钢中添加0.15%稀土,可细化合金铸态组织,增加铸态组织中的铁素体数量,减少珠光体数量,同时可细化热处理后合金的贝氏体组织,使铁素体形态和大小分布均匀,马氏体数量减少。添加稀土后可使铸态合金硬度提高9.4%,摩擦系数由0.136 9减小为0.081 9。     

2004年1～4月澳大利亚各港口铁矿石出口量（kt）

港口2 0 0 4年1～4月2 0 0 3年1～4月块矿粉矿球团总计块矿粉矿球团总计Dampier 70 461 4692 -2 1 73 880 861 42 75 -2 2 3 61PortHedland 773 1 1 8480 -2 62 1 1 641 2 1 5 2 43 -2 1 65 5PortWalcott 42 73 1 0 3 40 -1 461 3 3 6847881 -1 1 5 64Esperance 75 5 946-1 70 45 40 699-1 2 3 9YampiSound -1 96-1 961 3 3 --1 3 3Geraldton 1 5 95 6-2 1 5 ----PortLatta --2 92 2 92 --3 643 64Wyalla -45 -45 --8686其它0 --0 1 0 484-1 88总计1 99644 475 82 92 65 0 1 41 895 93 81 82 45 0 5 75 902004年1～4月澳大利亚各港口铁…     

稀土Ce对取向硅钢铸坯及热轧态组织的影响

文章介绍了稀土Ce对取向硅钢铸坯组织及热轧态组织的影响。采用冷酸低倍及光学显微镜观察有无稀土铸坯及热轧态组织,对比分析稀土的作用。结果表明,稀土Ce可以改善取向硅钢铸坯组织,增加等轴晶比例,细化部分柱状晶。稀土Ce作为第二相粒子,起到钉扎作用,热轧时阻止晶粒过度长大,细化晶粒,使再结晶晶粒增多。     

特种铸造方式下QAl10-4-4铝青铜组织演变规律

采用OM、XRD、EDS及宏观硬度测试等手段研究了真空吸铸和离心铸造方式下QAl10-4-4铝青铜的组织演变规律。结果表明,两种铸造方式下组织中相的种类、析出顺序及初始析出温度有较大的不同。真空吸铸条件下,接近铸态的组织由α相、β’相、KⅡ和KⅢ相构成,其相的析出顺序为KⅡ→α→KⅢ;离心铸造条件下,接近铸态的组织中还含有KⅠ和KⅣ相,其相的析出顺序为α+KⅠ→KⅡ→KⅣ→KⅢ,对应的相初始析出温度整体高于真空吸铸,且α相的初始析出温度远高于真空吸铸。KⅠ相的析出与合金中Fe的含量及Fe/Ni值有关,两者越高,越容易析出KⅠ相。两种铸造方式下,随着淬火温度的降低,合金的硬度在整体上均呈现先快速降低后趋于稳定的趋势。但是,真空吸铸样品在淬火温度大于900℃时出现脆化。β→α+KⅢ共析分解对合金的硬度无明显影响。     

ZG00Cr25Ni25Mo4Cu3不锈钢的组织与局部腐蚀行为

研制的 0 0 2C 2 5 16Cr 2 5 2 1Ni 4 2 5Mo 3 0 8Cu奥氏体不锈钢的铸态组织中有碳化物和σ金属间相析出 ,经 6 5 0℃× 2h空冷敏化处理后 ,仍具有良好的抗晶间腐蚀性能 ,该钢经 115 0℃× 2h水冷固溶处理 ,可得到单一的奥氏体组织 ,具有较好的抗点蚀性能     

AgLa1.0银合金组织与性能的研究

用纯主 99 99%的银和 99 5 %的镧在真空条件下熔化和精炼制备含 1 0 %镧的银合金 ,铸锭经过热轧开坯、冷拉拔及再结晶退火等工序 ,制备各种试样 观察铸态与退火态金相组织和电子探针扫描图像 ,进行合金性能试验和自然时效软化试验 结果发现 ,稀土镧可以显著细化银合金铸态组织和再结晶退火组织 ,稀土化合物成块状弥散分布在基体中 ,显著地提高了AgLa1 0合金的再结晶温度和热稳定性 ,稀土镧可以有效地抑制冷变形银的自然时效软化作用     

稀土对Zn－5Al合金显微组织的影响

利用光学金相、显微硬度、扫描电镜能谱和Ｘ射线衍射分析等手段，研究了稀土元素对Ｚｎ－５Ａｌ合金铸态、轧态、再结晶态组织的影响。结果表明，稀土能够明显细化合金铸态组织中的共晶团和再结晶态的晶粒，并使再结晶晶粒的尺寸分布均匀，这与稀土在合金中形成硬质的化合物Ａｌ＿２ＣｅＺｎ＿２和ＣｅＺｎ＿３有关。这些稀土化合物在轧制过程中本身不发生变形，但能阻碍合金基体的变形，使合金的塑性降低。     

Effect of Rare Earths on Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Si3N4-based Ceramics

Si3N4-hased ceramics exhibit excellentproperties such as high strength, high corro..sion resistance, high fire resisting property andhigh thermal shock resistance. However, up tonow, the application of St3N4-based ceramicsis still limited by their poor ductility, lowtoughness and stability. Adding fiber or whisher into ceramic matrix is a useful tougheningmethod, but fiber and whisker are costly and itis difficult to homogenize them in ceramic matrix. Furthermore, ceramic powders can not fill…     

中间包喂稀土消除连铸坯内弧侧卷渣缺陷原因研究

通过硫印试验、金相观察及冲击试验,比较了未喂稀土、结晶器喂稀土及中间包加稀土连铸坯内弧侧四分之一处夹杂物形态及分布及连铸坯横断面上的冲击韧性,发现结晶器喂稀土的连铸坯内弧侧卷渣缺陷形态及分布与未喂稀土的相近,冲击韧性变化也相同,而中间包加稀土基本消除了内弧侧四分之一处的卷渣缺陷,冲击韧性明显提高;并分析了中间包加稀土消除内弧侧卷渣原因.     

连铸板坯中间包喂稀土丝工艺试验研究

通过化学分析、硫印试验、金相观察及冲击试验,分析了中间包喂稀土连铸坯中夹杂物形态、分布,并测定了连铸坯横断面上的冲击韧性.研究表明中间包喂稀土的连铸坯中,稀土分布均匀,夹杂物球化效果好、分布均匀;冲击韧性明显高于未喂稀土的连铸坯,尤其是克服了未喂稀土连铸坯内弧侧四分之一范围冲击韧性的大幅降低的问题.     

反相流动注射分光光度法测定稀土铝合金中的稀土总量

本文以二溴—氯偶氮氯磷作显色剂,建立了反相流动注射分析测定稀土总量的方法.实验表明,本方法简便,快速,且钙、铁的允许量较手工法约提高一个数量级.方法用于稀土铝合金中的稀土总量的测定,结果满意.     

不同喂入位置条件下稀土在连铸板坯中分布及其对性能影响

通过化学分析、金相观察及冲击试验,分析了结晶器喂稀土及中间包喂稀土的连铸坯中夹杂物形态、分布,并测试了横断面上的冲击韧性.研究表明与结晶器喂稀土相比,中间包喂稀土的连铸坯中,稀土及夹杂物分布更均匀,夹杂物球化效果更好、尺寸更小、总数更少;冲击韧性明显高于未喂稀土,尤其是克服了连铸坯内弧侧四分之一范围冲击韧性的大幅降低的缺陷.因此,中间包喂稀土比结晶器喂稀土具有更大的优越性.     

三溴偶氮胂分光光度法测定镁合金中稀土总量

采用三溴偶氮胂分光光度法,以盐酸分解含单一或混合轻稀土镧、铈、镨、钕和中稀土钐、钆的镁基合金,25 mL溶液中0.6 g/L显色剂用量为3～8 mL,盐酸浓度为0.5～1.0 mol/L,在640 nm波长下测定了镁基合金中的稀土总量。基体镁对测定无干扰。轻、中稀土总量的质量浓度在0.2～0.8 μg/mL范围内与吸光度呈线性,相关系数R²在0.999以上,表观摩尔吸光系数ε_RE为(1.10～1.19)×10⁵ L·mol^-1·cm^-1。按照实验方法测定各类稀土镁合金样品中稀土总量,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)不超过1.6%;并与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定结果相一致。     

Extraction and separation of yttrium from other rare earths in chloride medium by phosphorylcarboxylic acids

Two phosphorylcarboxylic acids, 3-((bis(2-ethylhexyloxy))phosphoryl)propanoic acid (PPA) and 3-((bis(2-ethylhexyloxy))phosphoryl)-3-phenylpropanoic acid (PPPA), were synthesized for separating yttrium from other rare earths in the chloride feed of ion-adsorption type rare earth concentrate. The effect of the factors such as pH_1/2, temperature, saponification degree and phase modifiers was investigated. The separation efficiencies of PPA and PPPA are obviously better than the typical extractants such as sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid (CA-12) and naphthenic acid (NA). The extraction process of rare earths by PPA and PPPA is a cation exchanging reaction, which is similar to those of CA-12 and NA. The loaded rare earths in both PPA and PPPA systems can be effectively back-extracted by 0.5 mol/L HCl or higher concentration. A cascade extraction process for separating yttrium from other rare earths was developed using PPPA as the extractant. The yttrium product with the purity of 97.20 wt% was obtained by 35 stages of extraction and 12 stages of scrubbing.     

Effect of rare earths on mechanical properties of plasma nitrocarburized surface layer of 17-4PH steel

The aim of this investigation is to reveal the influence of rare earths(RE) addition on mechanical properties of plasma nitrocarburized 17-4PH steel.The nitrocarburized layers were characterized by optical microscope,scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analyzer,X-ray diffractometer,microhardness tester and pin-on-disc tribometer.The results showed that RE atoms could diffuse into the surface layer of 17-4PH steel plasma nitrocarburized at 500 °C for 4 h and did not change the ...     

Effects of Rare Earths on Properties and Microstructure of Automotive Friction Materials

Rare earth compounds as modifiers used widely in modern friction materials can enhance the interracial binding of constituents of materials and improve the comprehensive properties of materials evidently. However, there are still few reports on application of rare earth in automotive friction materials. In order to study the effect mechanism of rare earths in friction materials, a rare earth compound was selected as additive and the effects of materials doped with or without rare earth on friction and wear properties of materials were studied. The microstructure and worn surface morphology were observed by scanning electron microscopy and the macro performance was discussed. Worn surface element constitution of materials was analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy. Effect mechanism of rare earths on friction and wear behaviors of friction materials were discussed. The results show that doping rare earths in friction materials can stabilize friction Coefficient, lower the wear rate of materials and increase the impact strength of materials. The flexibility and fracture resistance of materials is greatly improved. Worn surface of materials doped with rare earth is compact and the surface adhesion is greatly enhanced.     

富集稀土磷酸溶液中稀土的萃取研究

研究了P204从富集稀土磷酸溶液中稀土元素钇、镧、钕的萃取行为,并考察了初始水相中P_2O_5浓度、萃取相比、萃取剂浓度、萃取时间对稀土萃取效果的影响。结果表明,低磷酸浓度、较大相比、较高萃取剂浓度和较长萃取时间有利于萃取稀土,并得到了萃取优化条件:初始水相中P_2O_5浓度10%、萃取相比V_0/V_1=3/1、萃取时间15min、P204浓度30%,在室温下萃取钇、镧、钕3种稀土,单级萃取率均可达到90%以上。