联轴器扭转刚度对潜油电泵细长串联轴系扭振特性的影响研究

为解决在满负荷、长周期运行工况下潜油电泵下保护器轴易断裂的问题,以潜油电泵细长串联轴系为研究对象,分析联轴器扭转刚度对细长串联轴系扭振特性的影响.采用DyRoBeS软件构建细长串联轴系扭振模型,分析轴系扭振特性,结合扭转振型与模态扭应力分布,确定轴系下保护器轴退刀槽为危险截面,研究联轴器扭转刚度与该危险截面扭应力的关系...     

Recording Parameters of Torsional Vibrations of Turbogenerator Shafts

It is proposed that the mechanical state of turbogenerators be regularly monitored by photoelectric chronometric recording of low-frequency torsional vibrations of their shafts. The vibrations are caused by small sudden changes which are continuously occurring in the operating parameters of the turbine unit.     

Statistical dynamics of turbomachine rotor wheels with a technological mistuning

Random harmonic vibrations of the steam turbine working stage have been studied with allowance for mistuning. An approach to the determination of the mathematical expectation and spectral density of the displacements of the system under study is proposed, which is based on the model of a single sector. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 5, pp. 105–113, September–October, 2008.     

高速齿轮转子系统弯扭耦合振动研究

针对实际高速齿轮转子系统,建立了考虑齿轮啮合及扭转作用的弯扭耦合非线性振动模型,推导了不平衡转子弯扭耦合振动的动力学微分方程,通过数值仿真方法得到了工作转速下齿轮转子系统弯扭耦合振动的特征图形,得出齿轮啮合、扭转作用下的齿轮转子系统弯扭耦合振动的特征,研究了偏心距、齿轮啮合刚度等参数对系统振动响应的影响规律,为齿轮转子耦合系统的结构优化设计、诊断和安全经济运行提供一定的理论依据.     

一种基于流形学习和 KNN算法的柴油机工况识别方法

不同负荷状态下的柴油机振动、温度、转速等信号显著不同,而机组故障信号特征往往淹没在随负荷变化而剧烈变化的信号中,因此变负荷状态下的柴油机故障监测诊断难度较大,一直困扰着柴油机的实际故障诊断工作。本文提出了一种基于流形学习和KNN算法的柴油机工况识别方法,为柴油机变负荷工况下故障监测预警打下基础。方法融合机组的多源信号特征构建特征向量,通过流形学习t-分布邻域嵌入算法（t-SNE）实现特征向量的维数约简和敏感特征提取,采用K最近邻分类算法（KNN）完成柴油机运行负荷状态的自动分类。正常及故障状态下的柴油机信号验证了方法的有效性和实用性。     

57 000 t散货船轴系扭振实测分析与改进设计

应用非接触式扭振测试系统对一条5 7000 t散货船轴系扭振进行测量,测试结果表明：其扭振特性未达到预定要求,轴系扭振最大危险截面出现在中间轴。于是分别提出改变中间轴和桨轴长度以及增加中间轴直径两种改进设计方案,并对改进后的船舶轴系进行测试,分析得出两种改进方案对临界转速、扭振应力、扭振应力裕度及其转速禁区的影响,结论是增加中间轴直径方案更优。该结果对于5 7000 t型散货船轴系设计及后续船舶的建造具有较高的参考价值。     

摩擦力作用下推进轴系弯—扭耦合振动特性分析

推进轴系的艉轴承负荷受螺旋桨、轴系对中等因素影响,不合理设计或安装可能导致轴承润滑不良,使轴颈与橡胶轴承间容易存在“粘着—滑动”状态,进而导致轴系的弯曲、扭转振动异常。通过简化的推进轴系模型,从机理上分析轴系在艉部橡胶轴承摩擦力作用下的弯-扭耦合振动特性及其主要影响因素,为识别轴系异常振动和噪声提供参考。     

考虑转速的舰船推进轴系抗冲击计算和分析

舰船推进轴系的抗冲击性能是舰船生命力的主要影响因素之一。为了分析推进轴系在转动状态下的抗冲击性能,将其视为一个低速的转子系统,采用有限元法建立推进轴系受横向冲击载荷的计算模型,并用Newmark法对模型进行数值求解。通过实例仿真计算,研究推进轴系冲击响应特征及转速的影响。计算结果表明,转轴的回转效应使其在垂直和水平方向的弯曲振动相互耦合,其影响等效为阻尼效应,与静态轴系冲击响应相比,当系统阻尼较小时,转速对大转动惯量部件附近位置的响应影响较大,不可忽略;但当系统阻尼较大时,转速的影响较小。轴系的最大冲击位移出现在距离较远的相邻两轴承间的轴中部;轴的弯曲变形能有效地吸收冲击能量,故螺旋桨的冲击加速度响应不大。     

In Situ Detection of Turbine Blade Vibration and Prevention

Turbine blades are the most critical components in any power plant. Failure in even one rogue blade out of hundreds of blades fixed on the rotor leads to colossal damage to the machine. Statistics have shown that low-pressure turbine blades in steam power plants are generally more susceptible to failure compared to high- or intermediate-pressure blades. The mechanism of failures is different in each case and is generally very complex. As a result, a large number of blade failures are not fully understood. Two primary forces acting on the blades are the steady centrifugal force due to rotation and the fluctuating steam bending force. In view of no direct access to monitor the health of the blades through vibration or other means, indirect method using non-contacting probes have been attempted and some are in use in special cases. Largely these methods are expensive and intrusive in nature. They involve placing of sensors in the narrow space inside the turbine casing, routing special signal cables with sealing arrangement and involves difficulties in analyzing shot duration signals from each rotating blades. Unless a diagnostic technique is made simple to implement and whose reliability is proven, power plants will not find it attractive to invest on upgrade for safe operation of the machine. This article is about an innovative method of detecting the presence of blade vibration in operating turbine through vibration signal analysis and prevention through process control. The method is based on vibration analysis of the turbine casing. The casing vibration includes signals associated with the blades of different stages called as blade passing frequency (BPF). When the rotating blades vibrate, the analysis of changes in the BPF is a novel way of diagnosing blade vibrations. Signals captured from operating plants have been analyzed and blade vibrations have been detected and verified with Campbell diagram. Laboratory experiments were carried out on a rotating fan to demonstrate robustness of the diagnostics tool for turbine blades.     

高速永磁电机机组轴系临界转速及振动模态

对于高速电机机组而言,在设计阶段准确预测转子动态特性,尽量减小发生故障的可能性是至关重要的。该文用有限元分析及实验方法计算由柔性联轴器耦合的多跨转子轴系临界转速及振动模态,用有限元软件的弹簧单元模拟弹性联轴器的轴向、径向及扭转刚度,分析联轴器刚度、结构参数对轴系临界转速的影响。研究表明:轴系临界转速及振动模态不同于单转子,可以通过改变膜片的刚度、结构参数等来调整系统某些阶次的临界转速,使转子具有良好的动态特性。     

复合型超声马达纵-扭振动固有频率简并研究

纵、扭振动固有频率简并是提高纵-扭复合型超声马达输出力矩的关键问题。然而同一弹性体内的纵振固有频率远高于扭振固有频率．目前对两种振动固有频率的简并缺乏深入的理论研究。纵一扭复合型超声马达振动分析模型都基于一维理论。在此提出了一种纵、扭振动固有频率简并的新方法。通过将纵一扭复合型超声马达设计成双定子对称结构．在定子上附加一个调整环改变定子的力学边界条件。实现纵、扭振动同频共振。应用Hamilton原理建立了考虑泊松效应的定子纵、扭振动理论模型，分析了定子的纵振与扭振第一阶固有频率随调整环质量和位置的变化规律，通过优化马达的几何结构参数获得了纵振与扭振的同频谐振点。     

Torsional Oscillator Experiments under DC Rotation with Reduced Vibration

We describe a highly stable, rotating cryostat designed for torsional oscillator experiments under DC rotation, where vortex lines penetration has been studied for 3D superfluids made of monolayer He films as well as for the supersolid state in hcp solid ⁴He. Especially, torsional oscillator experiments on hcp solid ⁴He are known to be quite sensitive to small vibrations or linear velocities on the order of 10 ??m/s or less. Thus, vibrations of the apparatus may destroy the measurements if they are not smaller than or equal to those of the building or the ground itself. The torsional oscillator performance described here often gives better data under steady rotation at moderate speeds than under stationary conditions. The article describes briefly a design idea shared by the two rotating cryostats at ISSP, the University of Tokyo, and discusses the torsional oscillator (TO) experiments under DC rotation. This is truly a high speed rotating cryostat with maximum rotational speed of at least 6 revolutions per second for TO experiments. It gives also much higher stability at reasonably low rotational speed because of the well-planned structure of the double frame construction with a lot of mass for the upper drive frame for rotation and the almost mechanically isolated, except for the drive mode motion, rotating cryostat with much higher stability of the inner frame for the cryostat mount. Phenomena of quantized vortex lines penetration through a macroscopic superfluid give unique information about the superfluidity itself. A method for detection of vortex lines penetration events using TO technology is also briefly reviewed.     

船用低速五缸柴油机推进轴系扭振性能的改进与计算

国内的低速柴油机制造厂 ,船舶设计部门、造船厂和船东好象已经有一种共识 :艉机舱推进轴系使用低速五缸柴油机作主机时 ,都要用扭振减振器。但是 ,只要在设计时合理选用柴油机转速 ,并采用高强度低合金钢来制造中间轴 ,这类轴系大部分是不需要扭振减振器的。     

Calculation of the Chronometric Response of a Turbogenerator to a Sinusoidal Test Voltage

The system of differential equations of a turbogenerator describing the electromechanical processes in a synchronous generator and in four stages of a turbine is considered. Equations are obtained which describe the small torsional vibrations of the different stages of the turbogenerator when a sinusoidal test voltage is applied to the field winding of the generator. The values of the chronometric response for the stages of the turbogenerator are calculated. __________ Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 10, pp. 48–50, October, 2005.     

Vibration failure in admission pipe of a steam turbine due to flow instability

High vibrations in admission piping of a steam turbine were analyzed. Vibration failure was detected after piping modification as part of upgrading a 300 MW power turbine plant searching for 10% power increment. However, after 1 year operation a vibration malfunction was detected in control valve and fittings of income piping with risk of cracking for maximum output. A study of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) revealed large steam flow instabilities produced by recirculation and high velocity exceeding a critical point. Measurements of natural frequency piping system with the turbine stall and subsequent measurements of frequency and vibration analysis during turbine operation indicated that recirculating flow plays a main role in the vibration problem by resonance. The paper discusses CFD results obtained with a proposed pipe configuration that reduces turbulence effects. Combined pressure slide and diameter increment in piping lead to reduced vibration turbine operation.     

Torsional vibrations of circular elastic plates with thickness steps

This paper presents a theoretical study of torsional vibrations in isotropic elastic plates. The exact solutions for torsional vibrations in circular and annular plates are first reviewed. Then, an approximate method is developed to analyze torsional vibrations of circular plates with thickness steps. The method is based on an approximate plate theory for torsional vibrations derived from the variational principle following Mindlin's series expansion method. Approximate solutions for the zeroth- and first-order torsional modes in the circular plate with one thickness step are presented. It is found that, within a narrow frequency range, the first-order torsional modes can be trapped in the inner region where the thickness exceeds that of the outer region. The mode shapes clearly show that both the displacement and the stress amplitudes decay exponentially away from the thickness step. The existence and the number of the trapped first-order torsional modes in a circular mesa on an infinite plate are determined as functions of the normalized geometric parameters, which may serve as a guide for designing distributed torsional-mode resonators for sensing applications. Comparisons between the theoretical predictions and experimental measurements show close agreements in the resonance frequencies of trapped torsional modes.     

燃气轮机转子系统典型振动特性试验研究

搭建气体轴承支撑的微型燃气轮机发电机试验装置,试验呈现微型燃气轮机发电机气体轴承-转子系统升速过程典型区域振动特征,并基于试验数据关联分析振动参数与燃气轮机运行参数、气体轴承的关键参数之间的耦合关系,结果表明:压气机出口压力波动对转子轴向振动影响较大;微型燃气轮机转子径向振动受点火压力波动、主燃料燃烧压力波动以及压气机...     

盖格尔机械式测振仪电信号输出

近年来虽然使用了某些电子式测振仪,但由于盖格尔测振仪非常适合于低频范围的振动位移测量,因而仍应用于测试和记录中低速发动机轴系的扭转振动。众所周知,盖格尔扭振仪划笔在纸带上的划迹对于分析来说显得小些,因此试验结果必须进行放大,和用手工或其他设备分解成简谐分量。这一工作是困难而费力的。为了把记录笔的运动转换成易于处理的电信号,在盖格尔扭振仪的传动杆端部粘接一个薄金属园板,并在其旁边安置一个电涡流传感器。电信号可以经过导线传送到振动测量设备示波器和微处理机,后者将发动机轴系的振动信号进行采样和以 FFT 算法将信号分解成简谐分量。文中介绍了使用一个既能产生电信号又能同时在纸带上画出波形的盖格尔扭振仪对一个柴油机推进装置进行扭转振动测量的试验结果。     

《船舶传动系统结构振动控制技术研究》

柴油机推进系统是船舶广泛采用的动力系统,现有的传动系统振动分析侧重于轴系扭转振动,主要针对轴系的安全性,没有考虑结构振动的影响,也没有考虑振动能量沿轴系的传递和衰减,缺乏专业的计算分析方法。论文以典型的柴油机推进系统为研究对象,采用高弹性连轴器、橡胶隔振器等元件进行传动系统结构振动控制技术研究,建立了柔性传动系统结构振动的虚拟仿真计算方法。     

Excitation of Acoustic Vibrations during Volume Condensation in a Steam–Gas Mixture

A theoretical investigation is performed of the acoustic instability under conditions of volume condensation in a steam–gas mixture. The steam–gas mixture is assumed to be stationary and consist of a gas and moist steam. It is assumed that gas and steam are ideal gases and that the condensation process is nonequilibrium. Condensate droplets are assumed to be spherical and monodisperse, and their volume concentration is assumed to be minor compared to unity. It is demonstrated that acoustic vibrations are excited during volume condensation of steam. Formulas are derived for the calculation of the increment and frequency of vibrations.