超声波对At.f菌脱除鲕状赤铁矿中磷的影响

利用广西某温泉水样分离At.f菌并进行纯化,采用超声波诱变研究对鄂西鲕状赤铁矿磁选精矿脱磷技术。结果表明:1)超声波诱变可以提高At.f菌的活性,当超声波频率为59kHz、诱变时间为20min时,体系中Fe2+完全氧化所需时间为20min;2)超声波诱变20min后的At.f菌接种比为15%～20%时,30d铁矿的脱磷效果为85%以上;3)培养基中ρ(Fe2+)≥9g/L时,诱变后的菌株对于鲕状赤铁矿磁选精矿的脱磷率为80%以上。     

Bioleaching of chalcocite by mixed microorganisms subjected to mutation

Mixed microorganisms with elevated activity of chalcocite-leaching were screened by mutation methods. The original microorganisms collected from acid mine drainage of different sites were mixed and then treated with mutagens NO₂⁻, diethyl sulfate (DES), UV and their combinations, respectively. Five groups of mixed microorganisms with much stronger ore-leaching ability were obtained by screening on the leaching media. Among them, group E of mixed microorganisms (treated with 1% DES for 60 min) with the best performance on chalcocite-leaching, increases the content of Cu²⁺ by 101.4% in 20 d of leaching compared with the control culture. In addition, group E is more tolerant to Cu²⁺ in media than the control without mutation treatment. Analysis for the diversity of microbial clones indicates that half of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in group E are Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. These observations suggest that group E might have potentials for industrial application. Foundation item: Project(50321402) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(2004CB619201) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China     

Adsorption characteristics of thiobacillus ferrooxidans on surface of sulfide minerals

By using thiobacillus ferroxidans (T. f) from Qixiashan, Hubei Province, China, the adsorption characteristics of T. f on surface of sulfide mineral were studied. The influences of adsorption time, pH value, temperature, initial inoculated concentration of bacteria, concentration of sulfide mineral powder, and variety of minerals on the adsorption characteristics were firstly investigated by using the ninhydrin colorimetric method, and the changes of contact angles and Zeta potentials of mineral surface during the bacterial adsorption were then determined. The results show that when the leaching experiments are performed for a long time from several days to a month, the maximal quantity of adsorption of T f on the surface of pyrite is obtained under the following conditions: leaching for 20 d, pH value in range of 1–2 and temperature at 30 °C, respectively; when the bio-leaching experiments are performed for a shorter leaching time, the maximal quantity of adsorption is obtained under the conditions: bio-leaching for 2 h, at 2.4×10⁷ cell/mL of initial inoculated bacteria concentration, and at 10% of mineral powder concentration; and the adsorption quantities are different from one sulfide mineral to another, and the adsorption of T. f on the surface of sulfide minerals includes three phases: increasing phase, stationary phase and decreasing phase. Foundation item: Project(50321402) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; project (2004CB619204) supported by the National Key Fundamental Research and Development Program of China     

Characterization of tricalcium phosphate solubilization by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia YC isolated from phosphate mines

The phosphate solubilizing characteristics of a strain YC, which was isolated from phosphate mines (Hubei, China), were studied in National Botanical Research Institute’s phosphate (NBRIP) growth medium containing tricalcium phosphate (TCP) as sole phosphorus (P) source. The strain YC is identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) based upon the results of morphologic, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequences analysis. The results show that the strain S. maltophilia YC can solubilize TCP and release soluble P in NBRIP growth medium. A positive correlation between concentration of soluble P and population of the isolate and a negative correlation between concentration of soluble P and pH in the culture medium are observed from statistical analysis results. Moreover, gluconic acid is detected in the culture medium by HPLC analysis. It indicates that the isolate can release gluconic acid during the solubilizing experiment, which causes acidification of the culture medium and then TCP solubilization. S. maltophilia YC has a maximal TCP solubilizing capability when using maltose as carbon source and ammonium nitrate as nitrogen source, respectively, in NBRIP growth medium. Foundation item: Project(2004CB619201) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China; Project(Z200515002) supported by the Key Project Foundation of the Education Department of Hubei Province, China; Project(GCP200801) supported by the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, China; Project(Q200811) supported by the Youths Science Foundation of Wuhan Institute of Technology, China     

Selective leaching of chromium-containing slag by HCl

A batch of column experiments was carried out to investigate the change of Cr（Ⅵ） concentration leached out from chromium-containing slag with HCI as leaching agent, and to study influences of pH, ratio of solid mass to solution volume, flow velocity and temperature on Cr（Ⅵ） leaching. The optimal parameters were obtained for Cr（Ⅵ） leaching and a fitting model was established to describe the procedure of Cr（Ⅵ） leaching. The results show that Cr（Ⅵ） concentration in leachate increases with decreasing pH and increasing flow velocity and temperature. Moreover, Cr（Ⅵ） leaching percentage increases with increasing ratio of solid mass to solution volume. The optimal parameters for Cr（Ⅵ） selective leaching are as follows： pH=3.0, 1：5 of ratio of solid mass to solution volume, 180 mL/min of flow velocity and 40 ℃ of temperature. The procedure of Cr（Ⅵ） leaching fits well with the model： v= 1.87t^-0.54, indicating that the leaching rate of Cr（Ⅵ） declines in an exponential order of-0.54.     

Selective leaching of vanadium from V-Ti magnetite concentrates by pellet calcification roasting-H_2SO_4 leaching process

A novel method of pellet calcification roasting-H_2 SO_4 leaching was proposed to efficiently separate and extract vanadium(V) from vanadium-titanium(V-Ti) magnetite concentrates.The leaching rate of V is as high as 88.98%,while the leaching rate of impurity iron is only 1.79%.Moreover,the leached pellets can be used as raw materials for blast furnace ironmaking after secondary roasting.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(SEMEDS) analyses showed that V~(3+) was oxidized to V~(5+) after roasting at 1200℃,and V~(5+) was then leached by H_2 SO_4.X-ray diffraction(XRD) analyses and single factor experiment revealed a minimal amount of dissolved Fe_2 O_3 during H_2 SO_4 leaching.Therefore,a high separation degree of V and iron(Fe) from V-Ti magnetite concentrate was achieved through H_2 SO_4 leaching.Compared with the traditional roastingleaching process,this process can achieve a high selectivity of V and Fe,and has excellent prospects for industrial production.     

Bio-decomposition of rock phosphate containing pyrites by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Leaching soluble phosphorus from rock phosphate containing pyrites by Acidithiobacillusferrooxidans （A. f.） is feasible, and the reaction mechanism is as follows. Pyrites are oxidized by A. f. to produce H2SO4 and FeSO4; the rock phosphate is decomposed by H2SO4, forming soluble phosphorus compounds; and Fe^2＋ from FeSO4 is oxidized to Fe%3＋, providing energy for the growth ofA. f.. In this process, as H2SO4 is produced in the reaction, an acidic condition in the culture medium is formed, which benefits the growth ofA. f. and aids both continuous oxidation of pyrites and leaching of soluble phosphorus from rock phosphate. The fraction of phosphorous leached can reach the largest in the presence of 1.0 g/L Fe^3＋, 200 mg/L Mg^2＋ and 400 mg/L NH^4＋. The optimal technological parameters on the fraction of phosphorous leached are as follows： the volume fraction of inocula ofA. f., the mass ratio of pyrites to rock phosphate and the pH value are in ranges of 5%-25%, 3：1- 5：1 and 1.8- 2.2, respectively.     

Study on the method of recovering and separating indium from residue containing indium

A method of recovering indium from complex smelting residue containing indium was investigated. Indium was extracted by technique of low acid leaching and solvent extraction. The conditions of separating iron and indium were studied and the optimal conditions were determined. When the residue is twoclass-countercurrent leached with 2 mol/L H2SO4 and 30-40 g/L NaC1 at 100 ℃, the leaching rate of indium is 80%. The extraction rate of indium is over 98% and that of iron is less than 5% after it is third-class-countercurrent extracted by P204, and when sulfonated kerosene is used as solvent, acidity in aqueous phase remains the same as that of leaching liquid, and phase is for 1 : 3. Using 2 mol/L HC1 as back-extraction agent, with phase ratio being 5 : 1, by third-class-countercurrent back-extraction, the back-extraction rate of indium is over 99%, but that of iron is very low, which can meet the need of separating indium and iron.     

利用SG平滑滤波优化GNSS-R潮位反演

利用全球导航卫星系统反射(GNSS-R)信号进行潮位反演时,需要对多路径频率进行估计.常规反演方法仅对主频率估计,因此存在数据利用率低、反演结果时间分辨率不足的问题.为解决该问题,本文利用Savitzky-Golay(SG)平滑滤波优化GNSS-R潮位反演.首先,利用Lomb-Scargle周期图(LSP)法提取信号功率的前4个频率f₁~f₄,并反演它们对应的潮位值;然后,利用SG平滑滤波方法提取最佳反演结果;最后,以法国BRST站和MAYG站30 d的数据验证算法的有效性.通过与LSP法和窗口LSP(WINLSP)法进行对比,结果表明:相比LSP法,滤波后BRST站和MAYG站的日均反演值数量分别提升34.3%和19.6%,反演值的最大时间间隔分别减少43.2%和29.4%,RMSE值变化不大;相比WINLSP法,滤波后BRST站和MAYG站的日均反演值数量分别提升24.2%和45.9%,反演值最大时间间隔分别减少25.4%和28.6%,RMSE值均减少了7 cm.总体而言,该方法能够在保证精度的前提下提高反演结果的数量,同时提高了数据的利用率和潮位反演的时间分辨率.     

Extraction of metals from boiler slag by sintering

A new method of recycling aluminum and iron in boiler slag derived from plants that use coal as fuel was presented. The new method can integrate efficient extraction and reuse of the leached pellets together. An elemental analysis of aqueous solutions leached by sulfuric acid was conducted by the EDTA-Na₂-ZnCl₂ titration method, and the components and microstructures of the samples were examined by means of XRF, XRD and SEM. An aluminum extraction efficiency of 86.50% was achieved when the sintered pellets were leached using 4 mol·L⁻¹ H₂SO₄ with solid/liquid ratio(m/V) of 1:5 at 80 °C for 24 h. An iron extraction efficiency of 94.60% was achieved under the same condition for the maximum extraction efficiency of Al. The extraction efficiency of Al and Fe increased with temperature, leaching time and acidity. The concentration of alumina and iron hydroxide in the final product was determined to be 99.12% and 92.20% respectively. This product of alumina would be used directly for the production of metallic aluminum.     

Simultaneous electrogenerative leaching of chaicopyrite concentrate and MnO2

In order to enhance the electrogenerative leaching rate of chalcopyrite concentrate reasonably, the principle of generative process was applied to simultaneous leaching of chalcopyrite concentrate and MnO2. The results show that Cu^2＋ and Mn^2＋ in addition to electrical energy could be acquired in the simultaneous electrogenerative leaching process. The leaching cell has the open circuit potential of about 1.0 V and gains quantity of electricity of about 700 C. The optimum leaching rates of Cu^2＋ and Mn^2＋ are 23.10% and 22.1%, respectively after electrogenera- tive leaching for about 10 h under the present conditions.     

Recovery of molybdenum from residues by simultaneous ultrafine milling and alkali leaching

A new technology of treating molybdenum residues by simultaneous ultmfme milling and alkali leaching was put forward to recover molybdenum from metallurgical residues. The effects of residue size, milling time, solid content, n(Na2CO3)/n(Mo) and slurry pH value on molybdenum leaching rate were investigated. The results indicate that a simpler process, lower slurry temperature, 50% shorter treating time, 60% decrease of Na2CO3 content and 15% increase of molybdenum leaching rate can be obtained by the new technology compared with the traditional process. The leaching kinetic equation was determined, and calculation of active energy (E = 56.2 kJ/mol) shows that the leaching process of molybdenum residues by simultaneous ultmfine milling and alkali leaching is controlled by chemical reaction. Potential exists for the new process to form the basis for an economically viable, environmentally friendly process to recover valuable elements from residues.     

Performance investigations of novel dual-material gate (DMG) MOSFET with dielectric pockets (DP)

Dual-material gate MOSFET with dielectric pockets (DMGDP MOSFET) is proposed to eliminate the potential weakness of the DP MOSFET for CMOS scaling toward the 32 nm gate length and beyond. The short-channel effects (SCE) can be effectively suppressed by the insulator near the source/drain regions. And the suppression capability can be even better than the DP MOSFET due to the drain bias absorbed by the screen gate. The speed performance and electronic characteristics of the DMGDP MOSFET are comprehensively studied. Compared to the experimental data from Jurczak et al., the DMGDP PMOSFET exhibits good subthreshold characteristics and the on-state current is almost the twice that of the DP PMOSFET. The intrinsic delay of the NMOS reaches 21% greater than the DP MOSFET for 32 nm node. The higher f _T of 390 GHz is achieved, which is a 32% enhancement in comparison with the DP MOSFET when the gate length is 50 nm. Finally, the design guideline and the optimal regions of the DMGDP MOSFET are discussed. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60206006), Program for the New Century Excellent Talents of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 681231366), and the National Defense Pre-Research Foundation of China (Grant No. 51308040103)     

Concentrating Ge in zinc hydrometallurgical process with hot acid leaching-halotrichite method

1　INTRODUCTIONInthezincconcentratesfromHuidongLead zincMinelocatedinsouth westofChina ,therearerichraremetalssuchasGewhichhasverywideapplica tionsandhighvalue .However ,Gewaslargelywast edbecauseitwasdispersedinalotofresidues(halotrichiteresidue ,Ge Feresidueandhighacidleachedresidue)intheconventionalzinchydrometal lurgicalprocessforthezincconcentrates[1] .InordertoconcentrateandrecoverGe ,anovelhydrometal lurgicalprocess ,ie ,thehotacidleaching halotrichitemethodofzinchasbeendevelope…     

含铟锌渣浸出和萃取铟的研究

湿法炼锌产出的锌渣含铟达700~850 g/t,采用两段酸浸,铟的浸出率可达90%以上,并提出了酸浸的工艺流程和最佳浸出条件.分别对酸液和有机相采用三级逆流萃取和反萃,铟的萃取率和反萃率分别达98.5%和99%以上,并提出了最佳萃取和反萃条件.     

分布式供能系统的定义及其内涵

在详细分析国内外分布式供能系统相关权威定义的基础上,对其内涵、外延进行了比较研究,摸清了不同分布式供能系统定义及内涵特点,并结合分布式供能系统在国内发展的特点和实际应用情况,提出了一种较全面的分布式供能系统的定义,并诠释了其内涵,为分布式供能系统在中国的发展和评价提供科学依据．     

浸铜渣中提银的研究

用严充酸和硫化硫酸盐的溶液浸出浸铜渣回收银,研究了影响浸出过程的主要因素,讨论了堆浸的作用问题。对于含银２００ｇ／ｔ的浸铜渣,银的回收率达８０％以上。     

再生粗骨料取代率对碎卵石混凝土抗压性能影响研究

设计制作了再生粗骨料取代率r=0％、30％、50％、70％、100％的碎卵石混凝土立方体及棱柱体试件,在不同龄期下对其进行抗压试验.研究了五种再生粗骨料取代率下,不同龄期的混凝土立方体抗压强度以及棱柱体抗压强度的变化趋势.结果表明:在龄期为3 d和7 d情况下,r=30％时混凝土的抗压强度较r=0％时无显著变化;当r>...     

氧化硫硫杆菌的培养特性及低品位磷矿浸出

从安徽某煤矿的酸性矿坑水中分离出能有效浸出低品位磷矿的氧化硫硫杆菌菌株,对其形态特征和培养特性进行了初步的研究,并通过研究不同固体培养基成分对氧化硫硫杆菌分离纯化的影响,确定了适宜的分离条件：采用双层平板,即上层为涂布氧化硫硫杆菌的Starkey固体培养基平板,下层为涂布异养菌（红酵母菌）的琼脂平板,可显著提高菌落密度并缩短检出时间。考查了培养基、表面活性剂等因素对所选育的氧化硫硫杆菌的浸磷效果的影响,通过初步试验浸磷率可达到48.41%。     

Ag recovery from copper anode slime by acid leaching at atmospheric pressure to synthesize silver nanoparticles简

In this paper, recovery of silver from anode slime of Sarcheshmeh copper complex in Iran and subsequent synthesis of silver nanoparticles from leaching solution is investigated. Sarcheshmeh anode slime is mainly consisted of Cu, Ag, Pb and Se. Amount of Ag in the considered anode slime was 5.4% (by weight). The goal was to recover as much as possible Ag from anode slime at atmospheric pressure to synthesize Ag nanoparticles. Therefore, acid leaching was used for this purpose. The anode slime was leached with sulfuric and nitric acid from room to 90 °C at different acid concentrations and the run which yielded the most recovery of Ag was selected for Ag nanoparticles synthesis. At this condition, Cu, Pb and Se are leached as well as Ag. To separate Ag from leach solution HCl was added and silver was precipitated as AgCl which were then dissolved by ammonia solution. The Ag nanoparticles are synthesized from this solution by chemical reduction method by aid of sodium borohydride in the presence of PVP and PEG as stabilizers. The synthesized Ag nanoparticles showed a peak of 394 nm in UV–vis spectrum and TEM images showed a rather uniform Ag nanoparticles of 12 nm.