Choice and designation of methods and measurement provisions for precision components

It is established that the maximum identification of the stages of different methods for measuring precision components makes it possible to provide convergence of results for monitoring them. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 12, pp. 11–17, December, 2007.     

精密仪器环境振动测量和评价方法的研究

对精密仪器使用环境的微振动测量和控制是目前许多前沿科学亟待解决的问题和重要的研究方向。分析了目前精密仪器环境振动测量和评价方法存在的问题,讨论了环境振动数据分析方法和研究工作的技术难点。指出开展环境振动对精密仪器影响规律和测量方法的深入研究,制定评价标准或校准规范,具有十分重要的现实意义和应用价值,其成果可为精密仪器实验室建设的选址、隔振设施建设和隔振技术的实施,以及高新技术密集区环境保护及其立法提供技术依据。     

Evaluation of time measurement precision in the Counting Test Facility of the Borexino experiment

The Counting Test Facility, the prototype of the Borexino experiment installed at the Gran Sasso Laboratory, is an unsegmented liquid scintillator detector in which the spatial reconstruction of the events plays an important role. The event localization is performed through a time of flight technique, which exploits the time informations of the signals of the photomultipliers detecting the photons escaping from the 4 tons scintillation sphere in the center of the detector; thus the uncertainty affecting the time measurement of each anode output represents the ultimate limit on the achievable spatial resolution. This uncertainty has been evaluated through analytical and Monte Carlo calculations based on the actual characteristics of the photomultipliers and of the scintillator adopted for the detector. In this work we present in detail the model assumed to perform the calculations together with the main results obtained.     

A precision measurement strobe converter

The basis of a method of correcting the structure of a precision measurement strobe converter with feedback, in which, to minimize the total conversion error, the parameters of the strobe pulses are adjusted, is presented. The converter is designed to transform the time scale of wide-band periodic signals, about the frequency and amplitude of which preliminary data are available. In the absence of a priori data, measurement of the signal parameters is performed in stages.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 9, pp. 48–50, September, 1993.     

New methods for estimating deformations in measurement of the linear parameters of precision parts in the nanometric range

New measurement methods and measurement instrumentation with resolution of 0.1 nm are developed that make it possible to achieve objective reliable estimation of the influence that deformations exert on the accuracy with which precision parts are monitored in the nanometric range and to determine the parameters of these deformations. Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 12, pp. 6–10, December, 2008.     

Dynamic aspects of precision linear-displacement measurement

A qualitative analysis is presented for dynamic linear-displacement measurement. When measurements are made with errors in the submicron and nanometer ranges, it may be necessary to correct for dynamic errors whose origin is geometrical.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 9, pp. 23–25, September, 1994.     

精密测量和加工中的激光技术

激光具有高方向性、高单色性、高相干性以及普通光源达不到的能量密度等优点。近年来,由于激光技术具有高准确度、非接触、稳定性好等独特优点,在精密加工和测量领域受到了广泛关注。本文综述了激光技术在精密测量和加工领域的应用现状,并根据其测量原理和应用场景的不同进行分类和总结。在现有发展现状的基础上,对激光技术在精密测量和加工领域的发展趋势进行了分析和展望,为进一步推动激光技术在精密测量和精密加工领域的应用提供参考。     

激光回馈精密测量技术及应用

介绍了激光回馈干涉的理论模型,阐述了激光回馈测量灵敏度高、装置结构简单、可自准直、能够对非合作目标进行精密测量的技术特点。探讨了激光回馈测量技术在工业和科研领域中的应用方向,包括位移、角度、振动、绝对距离测量等,指出利用倍频复用、频率复用、偏振复用、全程准共路等技术可提高回馈测量的应用性能。分析了激光回馈测量相较传统干涉测量的优势,展望了激光回馈测量技术在科学研究、工业生产、精密制造等领域的应用前景,提出通过提高光源稳频精度、研究不同光回馈水平下的实验现象和理论模型、探索新型激光器的回馈效应等方式,进一步提升激光回馈干涉仪的灵敏度和测量性能。     

Michelson interferometer for precision angle measurement

An angle-measuring technique based on an optical interferometer is reported. The technique exploits a Michelson interferometric configuration in which a right-angle prism and a glass strip are introduced into a probe beam. Simultaneous rotation of both components along an axis results in an optical path difference between the reference and the probe beams. In a second arrangement two right-angle prisms and glass strips are introduced into two beams of a Michelson interferometer. The prisms and the strips are rotated simultaneously to introduce an optical path difference between the two beams. In our arrangement, optimization of various parameters makes the net optical path difference between the two beams approximately linear for a rotation as great as +/-20 degrees . Results are simulated that show an improvement of 2-3 orders of magnitude in error and nonlinearity compared with a previously reported technique.     

一种精密电容测试系统设计

该文介绍一种基于自动平衡电桥的精密电容测试系统设计方法,通过对激励信号与自动平衡电桥输出信号进行鉴相分析,给出被测电容值的计算方法。为使鉴相器处于最佳工作点,得到精度更高的电容值测量结果,系统对自动平衡电桥输出信号进行反馈,并根据反馈结果,结合标准电阻选择与程控放大器对信号进行调理。最后,在1 MHz的测试频率下对系统的电容测试精度进行验证,得出设计的电容测试系统具有较高的测试精度。     

Total internal reflection for precision small-angle measurement

A method for precision small-angle measurement is proposed. This method is based on the total-internal-reflection effect of a light beam at a pair of glass prisms. Angular displacement of the light beam is measured when the intensity change of the reflected beam is detected as a result of the relative phase shift between the s- and the p-polarized beams. An initial phase shift between the s- and the p-polarized components is introduced to increase measurement sensitivity. For increased measurement linearity and reduced effect of laser power fluctuation on the output, a differential method is used in which the light beam is split equally into two beams, each reflected at a prism and detected by a photodiode. The output is obtained as the difference of the two detected intensities divided by their sum. A prototype device was built, which demonstrated a nonlinearity error of 1.3% in a measurement range of ?0.6 degrees or 0.4% in ?0.3 degrees . The peak-to-peak noise level was found to be at approximately 0.5 arc sec. This noise level can be reduced further and resolution increased by a reduction of the measurement range.