苝醌类化合物总量的测定

用分光光度法测定了竹红菌、竹黄和菌寄生菌培养物中艹北 醌类化合物的总量 ;同时研究了以无水乙醇、丙酮和氯仿为溶剂提取 艹北 醌类化合物的相对效率 ,结果发现以丙酮为溶剂最合适。     

几种醌类化合物与三乙胺电子转移反应过程的ESR研究

用ESR研究了菲醌(PQ)、四氟对寒醌(TClQ)、2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰苯醌(DDQ)和苯醌(BQ)与三乙胺、(Et_3bN)的电子转移反应过程。实验结果表明,醌上取代基吸电子能力越强,越易与Et_3N反应,但所形成半醌负离子自由基的稳定性,则并未有此规律,而是由自由基终止机理所决定。由实验得到了DDQ与Et_3N的表变曲线。本文讨论了DDQ与Et_3N反应的机理,并得其反应的微分方程,用实验拟合曲线确定速率常数。然后,对该方程求解,与实验曲线比较初步确定了该反应的历程。     

吖啶类化合物化学发光机理的研究和应用

总结了吖啶类化合物作为化学发光试剂的国内外发展概况,并对其作用机理及应用进行概括和总结。     

一株紫杉醇产生菌发酵条件的初步研究

研究了一株内生真菌Fusarium mairei UH23发酵产紫杉醇的工艺条件。实验结果表明最佳培养条件为:温度26℃,发酵起始pH值7.0,接种量5%,装液量250 mL三角瓶装液60 mL,发酵周期12天。筛选出最佳碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为硝酸铵。在上述条件下发酵,紫杉醇产量达(286.4±20.3)μg/L,较优化前提高10.2%。     

K系维生素中间体β-甲基萘醌的合成工艺研究

本实验研究了一种新颖且环境友好的β-甲基萘醌的合成方法。该方法以冰醋酸为溶剂,OP-10为乳化剂,过氧化氢作为氧化剂,氧化p-甲基萘制取β-甲基萘醌。分别考察了反应温度、反应时间、β-甲基萘与冰醋酸摩尔比等因素对β-甲基萘醌转化率和收率的影响。从而得到较优反应条件为：反应温度100℃;反应时间4h;n（β-甲基萘）：n（冰醋酸）为1：16;n（β-甲基萘）：n（H2O2）为1：11;OP-10用量0．05ml／g（β-MN）。在此条件下,β-甲基萘醌的转化率可达96％,收率可达52％。     

甘肃虫草多糖和甘露醇含量的比较研究

对甘肃三个冬虫夏草产地虫草多糖和甘露醇进行了比对,采用蒽酮一硫酸法测定多糖含量,高碘酸钠比色法测定甘露醇含量,利用软件spss进行显著性分析。结果表明：甘肃三个不同产地的冬虫夏草在多糖和甘露醇含量上差异显著;而同一产地的冬虫夏草在多糖和甘露醇含量上差异不显著。     

阴极电还原合成甘露醇和山梨醇的研究

采用电化学方法 ,在弱碱性条件下 ,对阴极电还原葡萄糖合成甘露醇和山梨醇进行了研究 ,得到了最佳电解条件 :RaneyNi做阴极 ,电流密度为 4 0A/dm2 ,pH =12 ,温度为 5 0℃ ,葡萄糖的起始浓度为 0 8mol/L ,支持电解质Na2 SO4 的浓度为 0 45mol/L。在此条件下 ,葡萄糖的转化率达 77 1% ,产物组成中甘露醇和山梨醇的质量分数分别为 2 1 3%和 78 7%。     

微生物发酵制备生物柴油油脂原料工艺条件的研究

以一株酵母菌为产油菌株,研究了在1 L发酵罐中发酵油脂的工艺条件,以苏丹黑染色法定量分析油脂,并对发酵油脂组成进行了气相色谱-质谱联用分析.结果表明发酵罐最佳培养条件为30℃,通气量1.1 vvm,pH=6,转速300r/min.分析表明发酵油脂中含有多种不饱和脂肪酸,其中软脂酸17.80%、硬脂酸10.27%、油酸53.02%、亚油酸5.29%,这与植物油组成相似.同时以微生物发酵油脂为原料,初步研究了碱催化制备生物柴油.     

一步法蔗糖直接转化成山梨醇和甘露醇的研究

研究了蔗糖水解并加氢直接制造山梨醇和甘露醇的一步法工艺。利用已研制出的催化剂,在１３０～１４０℃,５ＭＰａ的氢压下,３０％～６０％的蔗糖中性水溶液可以一步直接合成山梨醇和甘露醇,１００ｍｉｎ左右可达到９９．５％以上的转化率。生成山梨醇的反应选择性在７７％～８１％之间     

Rhizobium sp.N613合成胞外多糖的发酵动力学研究

对Rhizobium sp.N613合成胞外多糖(REPS)的分批发酵过程和发酵动力学进行了研究.应用Logistic方程和Luedeking-Piret方程,得到了描述Rhizobium sp.N613菌体生长、REPS合成和底物消耗的动力学模型.模型反映了该菌株合成REPS分批发酵过程的动力学特征,模型值与实验数据拟合良好.对Rhizobium sp.N613发酵动力学模型和合成REPS的生理学特性进行了分析,优化了合成REPS的发酵工艺,补料分批发酵实验结果表明,REPS产量从8.21 g·L-1提高到 11.31 g·L-1.     

虎奶菇菌丝体胞外多糖深层发酵培养基的优化

研究了营养性因子对虎奶菇菌丝体深层发酵的影响,结果表明蔗糖、马铃薯、蛋白胨和酵母膏有利于胞外多糖的形成。进一步的正交优化实验确定了虎奶菇多糖深层发酵的最佳培养基组成(g/L)为∶蔗糖2 g/100 mL,马铃薯25 g/100 mL,蛋白胨0.2 g/100 mL,酵母膏0.2 g/100 mL。     

Production of lipase from Penicillium sp. using waste oils and Nopalea cochenillifera

The present communication deals with the production of lipase from Penicillium sp. using waste oils and palm cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera) especially as nutrient source of low cost. Two different waste oils were tested: waste frying oil from an industrial kitchen and waste lubricating oil (WLO) from a gas station. Using Doehlert experimental design and response surface methodology, the optimum conditions for lipase production were 96?h fermentation, WLO as the inductor, with specific activity of 0.22?UA?mg^?1. The enzyme was able to remain with more than 58% of its original activity until 30?min at 60°C. The kinetic constants were K_m?=?9.93?mM and V_max?=?2.58 UA min^?1 using p-nitrophenyl palmitate (p-NPP) as substrate. Results showed that Penicillium sp. was able to produce lipase from waste oils using N. cochenillifera, thus having biotechnological potential in waste oil biotransformation.     

Production and Characteristics of an Enantioselective Lipase from Burkholderia sp. GXU56

The lipase production of Burkholderia sp. GXU56 was influenced by carbon and nitrogen sources, inorganic salts, initial pH of the medium and cultivation temperature. The maximum lipase production was 580.52 U/mL and reached 5 times the level of the basic medium in the optimum medium at pH 8.0, 32 °C, 200 rpm and 40–48 h. The lipase was purified 53.6 fold to homogeneity and the molecular weight was 35 KDa on SDS‐PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature of the lipase were 8.0 and 40 °C, respectively, and it was stable in the range of pH 7–8.5 and at temperatures below 45 °C. The lipase activity was strongly inhibited by Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺ ions and SDS, while it was stimulated by Li⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions and in presence of 0.1 % CTAB, 0.1 % Triton X‐100 and 10 % DMSO. K_m and V_max of the lipase were calculated to be 0.038 mmol/L, and 0.029 mmol/L min^–1, respectively, with PNPB as the substrate. The GXU56 lipase showed enantioselective hydrolysis of (R,S)‐methyl mandelate to (R)‐mandelic acid, which is an important intermediate in the pharmaceutical industry.     

桦褐孔菌总黄酮的微波提取及美容功效研究

通过正交试验优化了桦褐孔菌总黄酮的提取工艺,测定了总黄酮提取液的酪氨酸酶抑制率,并制备了桦褐孔菌总黄酮雪花膏。进行了该雪花膏的性能测试和大白鼠皮肤抗氧化试验:包括用丙二醛(MDA)试剂盒测定MDA含量;用邻苯三酚自氧化法测定大白鼠超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;活性氧(ROS)试剂盒体外测定皮肤组织羟自由基清除能力。得到了桦褐孔菌总黄酮的较优提取条件:乙醇体积分数为70%,料液比(g∶mL)为1∶40,微波辐射时间为120 s,功率为352 W,此条件下总黄酮的最高提取率为4.96%。质量浓度为0.024 g.L-1的桦褐孔菌总黄酮提取液加入量为7.5 mL时,酪氨酸酶抑制率最高,达25.0%。且其制成的雪花膏稳定性、光泽、颜色效果最好。抗氧化试验结果表明:桦褐孔菌总黄酮雪花膏能减少大白鼠皮肤组织匀浆中MDA的生成,增强SOD活性和羟自由基清除能力,并呈现良好的剂量-效应关系。结果说明桦褐孔菌总黄酮具有一定的抗氧化和抑制酪氨酸酶活性的能力,可以作为天然的抗衰老和美白化妆品添加剂。     

微生物短杆菌(Brevibacterium sp.)选择性降解制备(R)-扁桃酸

以外消旋扁桃酸为底物,筛选出一株短杆菌Brevibacterium sp. CCSYU 10011,该菌能转化外消旋扁桃酸为(R)-扁桃酸. 用全细胞转化法研究发现,其转化过程是不对称降解过程,即选择性降解了(S)-扁桃酸,进而获得(R)-扁桃酸. 考察了温度、pH、底物浓度及细胞量等因素对(S)-扁桃酸降解的影响,转化结束后,收率为48.7%,对映体过量值(e.e.)可达99%.     

Removal of Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Samples by Synechocystis sp.

Abstract

The biosorption of cadmium ions from aqueous solution by dried, immobilized dried and immobilized live Synechocystis sp. was investigated. Sorption of plain Ca-alginate beads, which were used as substrate for immobilization, was also studied for comparison. Removal efficiency of biosorbents was studied as a function of pH (2-8 Volesky , B. ( 1990 ) Biosorption of Heavy Metals ; CRC Press : Boca Raton , FL . Wase , J. , Forster , C.F. (1997) Biosorbents for Metal Ions ; Taylor & Francis : London. Malkoç , E. ; Nuho?lu , Y. ( 2005 ) Investigations of nickel (II) removal from aqueous solutions using tea factory waste . J. Hazard. Mater. , 127 : 120 – 128 . Lodeiro , P. ; Cordero , B. ; Barriada , J.L. ; Herrero , R. ; Sastre de Vicente , M.E. ( 2005 ) Biosorption of cadmium by biomass of brown marine macroalgae . Bioresource Technol. , 96 : 1796 – 1803 . Shen , J. ; Duvnjak , Z. ( 2005 ) Adsorption isotherms for cupric and cadmium ions on corncob particles . Sep. Sci. Technol. , 40 : 1461 – 1481 . Kat?rc?o?lu , H. ; Asl?m , B. ; Türker , A.R. ; At?c? , T. ; Beyatl? , Y. ( 2008 ) Removal of cadmium(II) ion from aqueous system by dry biomass, immobilized live and heat-dried Oscillatoria sp. H1 isolated from freshwater (Mogan Lake) . Bioresource Technol. , 99 ( 10 ): 4185 – 4191 . Pavasant , P. ; Apiratikul , R. ; Sungkhum , V. ; Suthiparinyanont , P. ; Wattanachira , S. ; Marhaba , T.F. ( 2006 ) Biosorption of Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Zn²⁺ using dried marine green macroalga Caulerpa lentillifera. Bioresource Technol. , 97 : 2321 – 2329 . ), temperature (20–40°C), initial cadmium ion concentration (50–300 mg/L), and contact time (0–120 min). The maximum biosorption capacities of the dried, immobilized dried, and immobilized live Synechocystis sp. and plain Ca-alginate beads were found as 75.7, 4.9, 4.3, and 3.9 mg/g, respectively at optimum conditions. Biosorption equilibrium was established in about 15 min. Dried biomass of Synechocystis sp. was found to be more suitable and an efficient biosorbent for the removal of cadmium ion from aqueous solution. Both of the isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) were suitable for describing the biosorption of cadmium by the dried biomass of Synechocystis sp. All the tested cyanobacterial forms could be recovered more than 90% and reused in five biosorption–desorption cycles without any considerable loss in the biosorption capacity.     

Studies on Bioflocculant Production by Arthrobacter sp. Raats, a Freshwater Bacteria Isolated from Tyume River, South Africa

A bioflocculant-producing bacteria was isolated from Tyume River in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa and identified by 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequence to have 91% similarity to Arthrobacter sp. 5J12A, and the nucleotide sequence was deposited in GenBank as Arthrobacter sp. Raats (accession number HQ875723). The bacteria produced an extracellular bioflocculant when grown aerobically in a production medium containing glucose as sole carbon source and had an initial pH of 7.0. Influences of carbon, nitrogen and metal ions sources, as well as initial pH on flocculating activity were investigated. The bacteria optimally produced the bioflocullant when lactose and urea were used as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen respectively with flocculating activities of 75.4% and 83.4% respectively. Also, the bacteria produced the bioflocculant optimally when initial pH of the medium was 7.0 (flocculating activity 84%), and when Mg(2+) was used as cation (flocculating activity 77%). Composition analyses indicated the bioflocculant to be principally a glycoprotein made up of about 56% protein and 25% total carbohydrate.     

Reduction of hexavalent chromium by Bacillus sp. isolated from chromite mine soils and characterization of reduced product

BACKGROUND: The reduction of highly mobile and toxic hexavalent chromium by bacterial strains is considered to be a viable alternative to reduce Cr(VI) contamination, in soils and water bodies, emanating from the overburden dumps of chromite ores and mine drainage. The present study reports the isolation of Cr(VI) resistant bacterial strains from an Indian chromite mine soil and their potential use in reduction of hexavalent chromium. RESULTS: Among the isolates, a bacterial strain (CSB‐4) was identified as Bacillus sp. based on standard biochemical tests and partial 16SrRNA gene sequencing, which was tolerant to as high as 2000 mg L^?1 Cr(VI) concentration. The strain was capable of reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in different growth media. Under the optimized conditions pH ～7.0, 100 mg L^?1 Cr(VI), 35 °C temperature and stirring speed 100 rpm, CSB‐4 reduced more than 90% of Cr(VI) in 144 h. The time course reduction data fitted well an exponential rate equation yielding rate constants in the range 3.22 × 10^?2 to 6.5 × 10^?3 h^?1 for Cr(VI) concentration of 10–500 mg L^?1. The activation energy derived from temperature dependence rate constants between 25 and 35 °C was found to be 99 kJ mol^?1. The characterization of reduced product associated with bacterial cells by SEM‐EDS, FT‐IR and XRD was also reported. CONCLUSION: Reasonably high tolerance and reduction ability of indigenous Bacillus sp. (CSB‐4) for Cr(VI) under a wide range of experimental conditions show promise for its possible use in reclamation of chromite ore mine areas including soils and water bodies. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry