流延法制备铌酸钾钠无铅压电陶瓷的工艺研究

以Na2CO3,K2CO3,Nb2O5等为原料,采用固相法合成了K0.5Na0.5NbO3的粉体,并以此粉体为主要原料,添加适量的分散剂、粘结剂及除泡剂制备浆料,采用流延法制备K0.5Na0.5NbO3膜片,研究了K0.5Na0.5NbO3固相含量、分散剂、粘结剂及除泡剂的种类及含量对流延浆料流延性能和对K0.5Na0.5NbO3陶瓷的影响。实验结果表明:流延膜的厚度在0.3mm时,选用三乙醇胺作分散剂效果最好,当固相含量在55wt%时,分散剂用量在2%时浆料的粘度为2000mPa.s,适合于流延工艺;粘结剂PVB的含量在8%时膜片强度较高。     

分散剂对低温共烧陶瓷流延浆料流变性能的影响

本文探究了蓖麻油、BYK-22552、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、TEGO-700四种分散剂对CaO-B₂O₃-La₂O₃玻璃/氧化铝低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)流延浆料分散性的影响,并进一步对该体系浆料流变性能、触变性能、固相体积分数以及沉降性能方面进行了研究,通过红外光谱分析研究了四种分散剂的分散机理并给出了解释。结果表明,当分散剂TEGO-700用量为粉体质量的2%时,流延浆料具有最小黏度(1 650 mPa·s)与最佳触变恢复性。在流延成型最佳黏度2 000 mPa·s下,浆料具有最大固相体积分数(37.2%)与优异的沉降性能。该浆料流延成型得到的柔性生瓷带表面平整且厚度均一,表面粗糙度为144 nm。烧结得到的基板材料表面无气孔、裂纹等明显缺陷,烧结致密化程度高,表面粗糙度为210 nm,40 GHz下测得介电常数与介电损耗分别为6.257和1.431×10^-3。     

水系流延BaTiO3陶瓷基片的研究

以纳米BaTiO3粉体为原料、聚丙烯酸（PAA）为分散剂、聚乙烯醇（PVA）为粘结剂,通过水系流延成型制备了BaTiO3陶瓷基片。研究了各种添加剂及固相含量等对浆料和素坯片性能的影响,同时对流延片的干燥工艺、烧成制度等也进行了研究。结果表明,当分散剂用量为1．0wt％,粘结剂含量为6～8wt％时,流延素坯片的综合性能较好,BaTiO3粉体在坯片中分散均匀。在1300℃烧结,可以得到平整、致密的BaTiO3陶瓷基片。     

流延法制备8YSZ薄膜

采用非水基流延法制备了8mol%氧化钇稳定氧化锆薄膜,研究了球磨时间、固含量、有机添加剂含量及除泡工艺对8YSZ浆料流变性能的影响,通过SEM表征烧结体表面形貌,用电化学阻抗仪对烧结体进行电导率测试。结果表明:分散剂用量1.25wt%,球磨时间15h,浆料的粘度最小,分散效果最好;增塑剂与粘结剂比例为0.7,粘结剂加入量6.5～8.5wt%,二次球磨后,真空除泡可获得适合流延的浆料;生坯1450℃烧结4h,烧结体晶界清晰、致密度较好;烧结体在300～800℃随温度的升高电导率逐渐增大,在800℃时离子电导率达0.046S/cm。     

国内工业陶瓷文献题录及文摘（四十一）

流延法制备铌酸钾钠无铅压电陶瓷的工艺研究·陶瓷学报,2011,01以Na2CO3,K2CO3,Nb2O5等为原料,采用固相法合成了K0.5Na0.5NbO3的粉体,并以此粉体为主要原料,添加适量的分散剂、粘结剂及除泡剂制备浆料,采用流延法制备K0.5Na0.5NbO3膜片,研究了K0.5Na0.5NbO3固相含量、分散剂、粘结剂及除泡剂的种类及含量对流延浆料流延性能和对K0.5Na0.5NbO3陶瓷的影响。     

PVB对Ca-Ba-Mg-Al-B-Si-O玻璃/Al_2O_3材料性能的影响

以Ca-Ba-Mg-Al-B-Si-O玻璃和Al_2O_3为原料,加入流延剂后流延成型生瓷带,采用低温烧结法制备了玻璃/Al_2O_3系介电陶瓷材料。设计添加PVB粘结剂与KH-570型硅烷偶联剂协同优化流延工艺,重点研究了PVB粘结剂对浆料特性、生瓷带性能以及生坯烧结性能的影响。随着PVB相对分子量降低,浆料固含量增加,生瓷带体积密度增加,拉伸强度与断裂伸长率逐渐降低。PVB粘结剂中的PVB、PVA、PVAc基团在溶剂中溶解,产生一定粘度,使玻璃/Al_2O_3浆料具备合适流延的粘度。添加PVB-5s的玻璃/Al_2O_3浆料的固含量为67 wt%,相应生瓷带体积密度为1.92 g·cm~(-3),拉伸强度为1.42MPa,生瓷带表面光滑致密,生坯于850℃烧结良好,烧结体微观结构致密,介电性能优良,因此该体系材料比较适合用作低温共烧陶瓷材料。     

5YSZ陶瓷基体的成型及烧结收缩率调节

为了提高5YSZ陶瓷基体的致密度和调节其烧结收缩率,通过流延法成型,优化了分散剂、消泡剂、球磨时间、固含量和胶含量。优化的条件为:分散剂含量0.9%,消泡剂含量0.63%,球磨时间22h+22h,固含量64%,胶含量29%。在优化的条件下,浆料分散均匀,生瓷带无气泡,5YSZ陶瓷基体烧结致密,且与Al2O3印刷层共烧良好。     

水系流延氧化铝陶瓷基片的研究

采用水系流延成型法制备96氧化铝陶瓷基片.研究了四种不同类型的分散剂对96Al3O2浆料稳定性的影响.通过优化pH值和分散剂用量等因素,使浆料的稳定性达到最佳,获得固相含量高达83wt%的适合流延的96Al2O3水系浆料.以该浆料为原料,采用聚乙烯醇(PvA)、乳胶B-1070和PVA+B-1070复合粘接剂体系水系流延成型96Al2O3薄膜做比较.研究了不同粘结剂对流延工艺以及对流延坯片的影响.实验结果表明:不同种粘结剂加入后浆料的黏度和屈服值随PVA量的增加而增大,使得浆料的铺展性好;发现使用不同粘结剂对流延坯片的缩聚和干燥具有重要的影响.以复合粘结剂20wt%PVA+80wt%B-1070为粘结剂的流延素坯在1600℃保温2小时烧结能获得相对密度达97%以上(3.73g/cm3)的96Al2O3基片.     

非水基流延法制备ZrO_2/Al_2O_3陶瓷基片

采用非水基流延成型工艺制备Zr O_2/Al_2O_3(ZTA)陶瓷基片,分析了有机添加剂对浆料流变性能的影响,确定了流延膜片排胶与烧结的温度。结果表明:分散剂三油酸甘油酯(GTO)的分散效果明显优于磷酸三丁酯(TBP),其最佳的分散剂添加量为4 wt%。浆料的粘度随着增塑剂与粘结剂的比值(R)的增加先减小后升高,R的最佳值为0.5。TG-DSC数据分析说明:温度为450℃时,流延膜片内的有机添加剂已经完全分解。当烧结温度为1620℃时,烧结样品的体积密度达到4.23 g/cm~3。     

分散剂对ZrO2料浆及陶瓷性能的影响

分散剂是流延料浆中的关键组元.本文选用了3种分散剂(三乙醇胺、磷酸三丁酯、松油醇),通过对分散剂用量、pH值对ZrO2料浆性能的影响、素坯及烧结体密度、气孔率和收缩率等方面的研究,分析比较了分散剂对料浆及陶瓷性能的作用.实验结果表明:pH在10～12.5内,三乙醇胺对ZrO2粉体的分散用量少、料浆稳定,适于制备气孔少,致密度高的ZrO2固体电解质薄片.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。