改进的模糊交叉算子及其在CGA中的应用

基于标准化适应值信息,提出改进的模糊交叉算子,并应用到细胞状遗传算法(CGA)中。在具有局部搜索倾向的交叉操作中,该算子能使后代更偏向于适应值高的父体。在具有全局搜索倾向的交叉操作中,能使较差个体在更大范围内进行搜索,有效地引导CGA算法向全局最优解的方向收敛。仿真实验结果表明,基于改进模糊交叉算子的CGA算法性能更好。     

结合禁忌搜索的改进粒子群优化算法

为提高粒子群优化算法的全局搜索和局部开采能力,提出一种结合禁忌搜索(TS)的改进粒子群优化算法。在搜索过程中,以线性递增的概率对最优粒子实施随机扰动,在全局搜索收敛到一定程度后,引入TS算法进行局部搜索,使算法快速收敛到全局最优解。分析结果表明,该算法收敛精度较高,能有效克服早熟收敛问题。     

吸引子权重改变内嵌区域震荡搜索粒子群算法

针对粒子群算法搜索精度不高、搜索最优解较慢的问题,提出了一种改进的粒子群算法。该算法通过调整全局最优解和个体最优解,形成一个新的全局吸引子解指导粒子收敛,优化种群粒子来搜索解空间的最优值。再将优化方案融入到内嵌区域震荡搜索的粒子群算法（RSPSO）中,仿真结果表明,改进的粒子群算法在寻优能力及搜索精度方面都得到了进一步的提高。     

基于一种改进的遗传算法的空间聚类分析

空间数据挖掘是数据挖掘的一个研究分支。空间聚类分析是空间数据挖掘的一个重要的研究领域。传统的K-均值方法用于聚类具有收敛速度快、算法实现简单等特点，但容易陷入局部最优，并对初始解敏感。遗传算法是一种全局搜索算法，但是收敛速度较慢。提出一种改进的遗传算法进行聚类，该算法通过全局搜索与局部搜索相结合，取得较好效果。实验表明：文中提出的算法在聚类分析中搜索到全局最优解（或近似全局最优解）的能力要优于经典的K-均值聚类算法，且局部收敛速度和全局收敛性能较好。     

改进的蚁群算法求解旅行Agent问题

蚁群算法是优化领域中新出现的一种仿生进化算法,该算法具有并行、正反馈和启发式搜索等特点,但搜索时间长、易陷入局部最优解是其突出缺点。旅行Agent问题是一类复杂的组合优化问题,目的在于解决移动Agent 为完成用户指定任务,在不同主机间移动时的迁移策略问题。在蚁群算法的基础上,引入变异运算,并且对蚁群算法的全局和局部更新规则进行改进,引入自适应的信息素挥发系数来提高收敛速度和算法的全局最优解搜索能力,从而使得移动Agent在移动时以最优的效率和最短的时间来完成迁移。仿真结果表明,改进的算法在解的性能和收敛速度上均优于相关算法。     

一种改进的求解TSP混合粒子群优化算法

为解决粒子群算法在求解组合优化问题中存在的早熟性收敛和收敛速度慢等问题,将粒子群算法与局部搜索优化算法结合,可抑制粒子群算法早熟收敛问题,提高粒子群算法的收敛速度。通过建立有效的局部搜索优化算法所需借助的参照优化边集,提高了局部搜索优化算法的求解质量和求解效率。新的混合粒子群算法高效收敛于中小规模旅行商问题的全局最优解,实验表明改进的混合粒子群算法是有效的。     

Pi-sigma神经网络混合学习算法及收敛性分析

将一种解决函数优化问题的混合遗传算法用于Pi-sigma神经网络的训练。这种混合算法充分利用遗传算法算法的全局搜索能力,又利用了单纯型法的局部搜索能力,因此该混合遗传算法可以使Pi-sigma神经网络更快的收敛到全局最优解,而且收敛速度比遗传算法更快。实验证明了这种算法的优越性。最后还证明了该算法可以以概率1收敛到全局最优解。     

基于一种改进遗传模拟退火算法的TSP求解

快速收敛于全局最优解是遗传算法的一个研究重点.在对遗传算法和模拟退火算法研究的基础上,分析了两种算法各自的优缺点,对已有的遗传模拟退火算法进行了改进.结合遗传算法和模拟退火算法的优点,给出了一种并行的多层搜索结构,提高了算法的效率;同时,在此基础上,提出一种种群早熟评价指标.最后,将此改进算法应用到旅行商问题中,并分别对10个城市和30个城市的旅行商问题进行了仿真,用于验证算法的可行性和快速性.仿真结果表明.改进的遗传模拟退火算法能够较快的收敛于全局最优解.     

一种进化类混合算法的研究

针对现有的单一算法在解决数值优化问题中存在的问题,提出了一种基于进化计算的混合算法.该算法在原有遗传算法的基础上对交叉算子进行改进,同时将模拟退火算法与变异算子进行结合形成一种模拟变异算子;为提高算法的求解精度和收敛速度,在算法中引入了进化策略的自适应搜索特性; (μ,λ)选择算子的应用增加了跳出局部最优解的几率,精英保留策略的选用能够保障算法收敛于全局最优解.用两个典型的测试函数对该算法进行测试,测试结果表明算法能够跳出局部最优解的陷阱,快速高效,高精度地收敛于全局最优解.     

多向学习自适应的粒子群算法

粒子群优化算法（PSO）是一种群体智能算法,通过粒子间的竞争和协作以实现在复杂搜索空间中寻找全局最优点。但基本PSO算法存在进化后期收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最优点的缺点,提出了一种多向学习型的粒子群优化算法,该算法中粒子通过同时追随自己找到的最优解、随机的其他粒子同维度的最优解和整个群的最优解来完成速度更新,通过判别区域边界来完成位置优化更新,通过对全局最优位置进行小范围扰动,以增强算法跳出局部最优的能力。对几种典型函数的测试结果表明：改进后的粒子群算法明显改善了全局搜索能力,并且能够有效避免早熟收敛问题。算法使高维优化问题中全局最优解相对搜索空间位置的鲁棒性得到了明显提高,适合于求解同类问题,计算结果能满足实际工程的要求。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.