聚氨酯泡沫原位提取培养紫草细胞生产紫草色素

在紫草细胞培养过程中影响紫草色素进一步合成的重要因素之一是色素在细胞内大量积累，为促进紫草色素向胞外分泌，建立了一种新的培养体系，即以聚氨酯泡沫作为色素吸附介质，加入到细胞培养液中原位吸附提取培养紫草细胞生产紫草色素。结果表明：聚氨酯泡沫的加入明显促进紫草色素的合成及分泌，细胞合成的９５％（质量分数，下同）以上的色素被聚氨酯泡沫吸咐分离，同时也发现在培养早期（０４ｄ）加入适量的（９ｇ／Ｌ）聚氨酯泡沫可使色素产量提高３０８倍。采用丙酮和乙醇洗脱吸附的紫草色素具有优良的解吸效果。另外，试验还比较了原位提取培养体系与非原位提取培养体系细胞对蔗糖利用情况以及ｐＨ值变化情况。     

固定化紫草细胞生产紫草宁衍生物

用海藻胶包埋紫草细胞,在紫草色素生产培养基M_9中,常温、黑暗下培养不同时间,收集培养液并提取色素,进行紫外—可见全波长分光光度扫描和TLC分析。结果表明:固定化紫草细胞可连续分泌紫草色素,其主要成分与天然成分基本相同,产量已达到一定水平。此外对海藻胶包埋条件、固定化珠粒的稳定性以及1L固定化植物细胞反应器生产紫草色素工艺进行了讨论。     

吸附树脂R-A在提取紫草细胞培养液中紫草色素上的应用

采用吸附树脂Ｒ－Ａ回收紫草细胞培养液中的紫草色素．与传统石油醚萃取法相比有机溶剂节约５０倍，且操作简单，生产设备缩小．同时为Ｒ－Ａ树脂的应用增添了一项新内容．     

产物释放促进剂对固定化紫草细胞生产紫草色素的影响

研究了多种产物释放促进剂对海藻胶包埋的紫草细胞生产紫草色素的效果。结果表明,在色素生产培养基中加入合适的产物释放促进剂可显著地刺激紫草色素的分泌及合成,并且该种处理方式的作用效果明显优于细胞透性预处理方式的效果。将固定化紫草细胞培养在质量分数为０．０８％、０．２４％Ｔｗｅｅｎ８０和０．２％Ｔｗｅｅｎ２０培养基中,培养１２ｄ紫草色素产量分别为每克干细胞含４２．２０、６２．５２和３８．７３ｍｇ,比对照分别提高２．８２、４．６６和２．５１倍。在质量分数为０．２％Ｔｗｅｅｎ２０培养基中培养３５ｄ时,细胞合成色素总产量达每克干细胞含１８１．５ｍｇ,比对照提高４．２倍。     

多糖对紫草细胞生产紫草色素的影响

在紫草色素生产培养基中添加琼脂糖、人参多糖、海藻多糖、黄原胶、卡拉胶和淀粉等６种多糖类物质，接入紫草细胞后置于２５℃黑暗条件下振荡培养２０ｄ，结果表明：试验中所选用的６种多糖类物质对紫草色素的产生均具有一定的刺激作用，其中以０．０５％琼脂糖的作用效果为最佳，紫草色素含量为２０．７７％，比对照提高４６．８９％。此外试验亦对琼脂糖对紫草色素生产及分泌特征、培养液中蔗糖浓度变化以及ｐＨ值变化情况进行了研究。     

一步法培养紫草细胞生产紫草宁工艺与机理研究

本文提出一步法培养生产紫草宁新工艺，将细胞生产和产物合成两阶段合二为一，免去了原两步法培养中细胞生长阶段后必须充分过滤、洗涤等操作．该工艺操作简单、生产率高、细胞可重复利用．培养的紫草于占细胞干重已达17．9％，色素产量最高达2．3g／L.一步法培养的细胞重复使用试验表明，再生细胞的色素含量与原细胞的色素含量相近，一步培养末期进行半连续培养是可行的．在固体培养中，以一步培养基取代M－9培养基，接种量小，收获时紫草宁占细胞干重可达IS．7％，色素产量为2．7g从．本文对紫草合成机理进行了分析，提出了新疆紫草细胞…     

细胞固定化条件对紫草细胞生产紫草色素的影响

以海藻胶做包埋剂,研究了固化液构成、细胞包埋量和胞龄对紫草色素合成的影响。结果表明：固定化细胞合成紫草色素的合适固化液为含有０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＣａＣｌ２的紫草色素生产培养基,该固化条件比较温和,并可长久保持固定化细胞活性;最适宜的细胞包埋质量分数为１０％２０％;用于细胞包埋的最佳细胞生长时间为１７ｄ。对紫草细胞固定化培养生产紫草色素过程的动力学特征进行了分析,建立了基质消耗和色素合成的动力学模型,并用该模型对实验数据进行了回归分析,实验数据与理论值之间具有比较令人满意的一致性     

吸附法分离紫草细胞培养液中紫草素的研究

采用吸附法提取分离紫草细胞培养液中的紫草素。研究了几种吸附剂对紫草素的吸附与解吸。结果发现：大孔树脂ＨＤ－１效果较好，每毫升湿树脂的吸附量可达８．６９ｍｇ／ｍＬ，解吸率达９６％以上。与传统的萃取法相比，有机溶剂用量减少６０倍左右，节省动力消耗，简化操作，大大降低分离成本，有利于工业化。     

新疆紫草的超声波强化提取

对新疆紫草色素进行了超声提取的研究,探讨了超声波功率、液固比、提取温度、原料粒度和超声作用时间对色素提取效果的影响,得到超声提取新疆紫草色素的优化工艺参数为：80目(180 mm)的新疆紫草根粉末,液固比为12 mg/L,在50℃水浴中超声处理25 min,超声波功率1800 W,提取率可达到87%.     

紫草细胞培养液中色素提取方法的研究

紫划细胞培养生产紫草色素，有一部分紫草色素外泌到培养液中。由于培养液体积大，产物含量低，因此如何将色素加以回收是该项技术产业化的关键之一。本文分别采用萃取法，沉淀法和吸附法研究色素回收问题，发现用沉淀法和吸附法代替传统萃取法提取培养液中的紫草色素，可使紫草细胞培养生产紫草色素产物提取等下游过程工艺简化，收率提高，成本降低。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

聚酰亚胺的合成法

本文评述了缩聚型聚酰亚胺的主要合成方法和近年来国际上在合成中所做的探索。