磁梯度箍缩磁流变阀压降性能仿真分析

针对目前磁流变阀压降调节方式单一的不足,基于磁流变液磁梯度箍缩模式设计了一种液流通道截面积随外部磁场变化而变化的磁流变阀,阐述了磁流变阀的结构及工作原理,推导了压降数学模型。采用有限元法对磁梯度箍缩磁流变阀的磁场和流场进行仿真,分析了磁流变液入口速度、输入电流、液流通道半径对磁流变阀压降变化的影响规律。结果表明:磁流变阀在设计结构下产生高梯度磁场,能够有效控制液流通道的截面积大小;阀进出口压降随着液流入口速度、输入电流的增加逐渐增大,随着液流通道半径的增加而减小,其中液流入口速度影响最小,液流通道半径影响最大。当液流入口速度为1.5 m/s、输入电流为1.5 A、液流通道半径为0.5 mm时,磁梯度箍缩磁流变阀的压降可达1.89 MPa。     

阻尼间隙可调式磁流变阀压降特性实验研究

传统的磁流变阀阀芯与阀体相对固定,阻尼间隙也不变,导致阀进出口压差变化范围有限。基于此,设计了一种新型阻尼间隙可调式磁流变阀,该磁流变阀的液流通道间隙可在1.0~2.0 mm范围内机械可调。同时搭建了磁流变阀实验测试平台,并进行了相关性能测试实验,具体分析了阀进出口压降与阻尼间隙厚度、电流及外加负载之间的关系,且对比了多次实验结果,验证了该阀性能的稳定性。     

混合流动式磁流变阀的结构设计及性能分析

针对目前磁流变阀结构形式单一且体积大的不足,设计了一种结构紧凑的混合流动式磁流变阀,该磁流变阀阻尼间隙液流通道由轴向圆环流动和径向圆盘流动共同组成。介绍了混合流动式磁流变阀结构及工作原理,并建立了其压降数学模型;利用ANSYS有限元仿真分析软件对混合流动式磁流变阀的静态磁场进行了仿真分析。结果表明:该磁流变阀磁场利用率高,同时能够获得足够大的压差,并且可调范围大。     

双线圈磁流变阀压降特性分析

利用磁流变液体的可控特性,基于传统单线圈磁流变阀结构,设计一种双线圈圆环阻尼间隙磁流变阀。采用Maxwell电磁场仿真软件对双线圈磁流变阀进行磁场仿真,得出外加电流与阻尼间隙处磁感应强度大小的关系。建立双线圈磁流变阀压降数学模型,采用MATLAB数值仿真软件对磁流变阀压降特性进行仿真分析,初步得到了磁流变阀结构参数对压降的影响规律,从而为双线圈磁流变阀多级调压提供了一定的理论参考。     

单线圈磁流变阀阀芯结构对压降特性的影响分析

根据磁流变液的可控流变特性设计了3种不同阀芯结构的单线圈磁流变阀,同时对单线圈磁流变阀的压降特性进行了理论分析。采用ANSYS有限元仿真软件对3种不同阀芯结构的磁流变阀进行了电磁场仿真分析,得出了磁流变阀磁力线分布、磁场强度分布以及液流通道处磁感应强度大小的变化规律。研究了阀芯倒角、输入电流大小和流量大小对系统压降的影响。结果表明：不同阀芯结构磁流变阀的总压降随着输入电流和流量大小的增加而增大,且无倒角的单线圈磁流变阀压降最大。为实际磁流变阀结构设计提供了参考。     

径向流磁流变阀压降性能分析

提出并设计了一种径向流磁流变阀,并加工了样机进行压降性能分析.该径向流磁流变阀的液流通道由2个中心小孔、1个圆环通道和2个径向圆盘通道串联组合而成.采用ANSYS/Emag电磁场仿真软件搭建了径向流磁流变阀有限元仿真模型,并进行了磁场仿真分析以获取理想的仿真压降.搭建了压降性能测试试验台,在不同的加载电流和模拟负载下对所设计的径向流磁流变阀压降性能进行了试验分析.试验压降和仿真压降趋势一致.     

径向流磁流变阀压降性能分析（英文）

提出并设计了一种径向流磁流变阀,并加工了样机进行压降性能分析。该径向流磁流变阀的液流通道由2个中心小孔、1个圆环通道和2个径向圆盘通道串联组合而成。采用ANSYS/Emag电磁场仿真软件搭建了径向流磁流变阀有限元仿真模型,并进行了磁场仿真分析以获取理想的仿真压降。搭建了压降性能测试试验台,在不同的加载电流和模拟负载下对所设计的径向流磁流变阀压降性能进行了试验分析。试验压降和仿真压降趋势一致。     

阻尼间隙可调式磁流变阀建模及仿真分析

设计了一种新型阻尼间隙可调式磁流变阀,该磁流变阀阻尼间隙可在1~2 mm之间变化。建立了阻尼间隙可调式磁流变阀压降计算公式。同时,采用有限元仿真软件ANSYS对该磁流变阀进行了电磁场仿真分析及计算,详细分析了磁流变阀阀体厚度、绕线槽深度以及阀套大端直径对压降性能的影响,为今后磁流变阀的尺寸设计及结构优化提供了理论基础。     

阻尼间隙可调式磁流变阀建模及仿真分析（英文）

设计了一种新型阻尼间隙可调式磁流变阀,该磁流变阀阻尼间隙可在1~2 mm之间变化。建立了阻尼间隙可调式磁流变阀压降计算公式。同时,采用有限元仿真软件ANSYS对该磁流变阀进行了电磁场仿真分析及计算,详细分析了磁流变阀阀体厚度、绕线槽深度以及阀套大端直径对压降性能的影响,为今后磁流变阀的尺寸设计及结构优化提供了理论基础。     

多级调压型磁流变阀结构优化设计

根据磁流变液在磁场作用下的可控可逆特性,在传统磁流变阀阀芯上缠绕三组励磁线圈,与阀体一起组成4个可变阻尼间隙,形成一种外侧圆环阻尼间隙多级调压型磁流变阀。采用ANSYS有限元仿真软件对多级调压型磁流变阀进行了磁场仿真,得出了磁力线分布和磁感应强度大小。基于仿真后处理数据对磁流变阀进行了结构优化,得出了该磁流变阀的最佳结构参数,并对结构优化前后阻尼间隙处的磁感应强度以及进出口阀压差进行了对比分析。相关优化设计方法和思路对磁流变阀设计具有一定的理论指导意义。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。