二维光子晶体微腔的制备及其对硅光学材料的光量子放大

光子晶体(PC)可以增加光物质相互作用和光发射效率,在微纳光子学、量子光学及信息光学等领域中都有着广泛的应用。近年来,二维硅基光子晶体微腔的发光增强效应研究取得了较为重大的突破。本文针对现有二维光子晶体及微腔的制备方法与发光性能的调控展开论述,详细介绍了二维光子晶体微腔的制备进程与温度、泵浦能量、微腔结构对微腔Q因子以及发光性能的影响,并进一步展望了二维光子晶体在硅材料光量子放大领域未来研究所面临的问题及应用前景。     

硅及硅基半导体材料中杂质缺陷和表面的研究

随着超大规模集成电路设计线宽向深亚微米级（<0.5μm）和亚四分之一微米级（<0.25μm）发展,对半导体硅片及其它硅基材料的质量要求越来越高,研究上述材料中各种杂质的行为,控制缺陷类型及数量,提高晶体完整性,降低表面污染和采用缺陷工程的方法改善材料质量显得尤为重要。文章阐述了深亚微米级和亚四分之一微米级集成电路用大直径硅材料中铁、铜金属和氧、氢、氮非金属杂质元素的行为,点缺陷及其衍生缺陷的本质与控制方法,硅片表面形貌、表面污染与检测方法的研究热点。同时还介绍了外延硅、锗硅及绝缘体上硅（SOI）等硅基材料的特性、制备及工艺技术发展趋势,展望了跨世纪期间硅及硅基材料产业发展的技术经济前景。     

噪声法测量热力学温度研究

噪声法是目前国际计量界采用的测量热力学温度的3种方法中的一种,目前只有少数几个国家计量实验室建有计量级的噪声温度计.介绍了中国计量科学研究院开展的噪声法测温新研究,及测量镓熔化点热力学温度的工作.新噪声温度计采用了相关法结构,参考点为水三相点.电子测量系统与当前国外计量级噪声温度计的基本一致,但对前置放大器的性能和开关的结构做了改善.采用新研制的噪声温度计测量了镓熔化点的热力学温度,测量积分时间210 h,测量得到的镓熔化点热力学温度302.9176 K,标准合成不确定度8.9 mK.通过分析测量结果值可知,新噪声温度计测量积分时间达到1750 h,可以将标准合成不确定度减小到3 mK.     

高稳定性及均匀性光腔温度控制研究

本文开展衰荡光腔温度控制研究。通过负反馈回路控制控温箱温度,编制软件驱动测温仪,采集腔内测温探头3.5小时内的温度值。稳定性研究中,单点温度变化标准差仅为0.18mK。均匀性研究中,4个位置温度变化标准差在0.5～0.7mK之间,不同位置温度差最大为40mK,腔内温度分布均匀,梯度较小。     

微纳米尺度生物体温度测量方法及其展望

温度是描述凝聚态物质系统热力学状态和演变的基本参数。微纳米级的温度传感在生物体(细胞)、芯片、低维人工材料等领域中有着重要的应用前景,可作为定量化观测生物体活动能力、化学反应、生命演变的技术途径。鉴于该类型温度传感器的种类繁多、计量性能差异明显,主要从测温技术特点和计量性能两个方面,对应用于微纳米尺度生物体测温的微纳热电偶、热电阻、红外热像仪、磁性纳米粒子和荧光发光等类型的温度测量方法进行了综述和比较分析,并展望了微纳米尺度生物体温度测量领域的发展前景。     

半导体所硅基光子学研究取得重要突破

<正>基于硅基微纳波导的硅基光子学由于可以实现超小体积、低能耗、CMOS兼容的单片高密度光电集成,已被各国公认为突破计算机和通信超大容量、超高速信息传输和处理瓶颈的最理想技术之一。     

标准低温石英频率温度计

一、前言本文介绍一种测温精度较高而使用方便的低温石英频率温度计。我们研制的这种温度计经实测表明,其技术指标为:(1)测温范围;-80～0℃;(2)测量不确定度:15mK;(3)测温分辨率:2mk～0.2mK(对应闸门时间1s～10s);(4)示值稳定性:12mK/年;(5)温度计零漂:5mK/年。它可以在以下方面得到应用:首先在-80～0℃温度范围内可作量值传     

基于侧边耦合一维光子晶体微腔的高分辨率光子温度计

针对线上耦合结构的高品质因数一维光子晶体微腔具有极低透射率的缺陷,提出研制一种具有高分辨率、高信噪比、高动态范围的侧边耦合一维光子晶体温度计。通过调制光子晶体单元结构的反射系数以及微腔和耦合波导之间的模场重叠,光子晶体器件的品质因数和透射率得到提高。制备得到的器件品质因数值、灵敏度、消光比和基模与二阶模之间的模式间隔分别为2.7×10⁴、65.6 pm/℃、0.45和18.5 nm。采用扫频测量技术,该光子温度计具有mK量级分辨率和超过280℃的温度感应范围。     

玻璃-水热管热特性的实验研究

研究了中国计量科学研究院研制的四阱玻璃-水热管的热特性.实验结果表明:当水热管在70～100℃的温区内运行时,热管测温计阱内2h温度稳定性及均匀性的技术指标分别为2.8mK和2.2mK.在该温区内,恒温槽温度稳定性和均匀性分别为8.1mK和4.2mK.此外,研究了热管放置方式及浸没深度对热管热特性的影响.     

O．1Hz～50kHz直线振动幅值和相位国家计量基准系统的研究

描述中国计量科学院在直线振动幅值和相位测量的理论研究和技术实现方面取得的最新进展。简要介绍了国家高、中、低频振动基（副基）准幅相特性测量装置的系统构建、测量原理和技术实现，以及装置达到的主要技术指标。提出振动基（副基）准优化提升中关键的技术创新点，如自主提出了改进的外差正弦逼近法和基于波峰波谷的外差时间间隔法，在压电高频（2kHz～50kHz）振动台上，首次在国内外实现了（1nm～500nm）振幅范围内的纳米级振动传感器灵敏度幅值和相移的测量。中国计量科学研究院（NIM）与德国物理技术研究院（PTB）在10Hz～10kHz范围内开展的标准加速度计灵敏度幅相特性国际双边比对验证了国家基准的测量不确定度。     

Ultra-high Q one-dimensional hybrid PhC-SPP waveguide microcavity with large structure tolerance

Abstract

A photonic crystal – surface plasmon-polaritons hybrid transverse magnetic mode waveguide based on a one-dimensional optical microcavity is designed to work in the communication band. A Gaussian field distribution in a stepping heterojunction taper is designed by band engineering, and a silica layer compresses the mode field to the subwavelength scale. The designed microcavity possesses a resonant mode with a quality factor of 1609 and a modal volume of 0.01 cubic wavelength. The constant period and the large structure tolerance make it realizable by current processing techniques.     

EMPRESS: A European Project to Enhance Process Control Through Improved Temperature Measurement

A new European project called EMPRESS, funded by the EURAMET program ‘European Metrology Program for Innovation and Research,’ is described. The 3  year project, which started in the summer of 2015, is intended to substantially augment the efficiency of high-value manufacturing processes by improving temperature measurement techniques at the point of use. The project consortium has 18 partners and 5 external collaborators, from the metrology sector, high-value manufacturing, sensor manufacturing, and academia. Accurate control of temperature is key to ensuring process efficiency and product consistency and is often not achieved to the level required for modern processes. Enhanced efficiency of processes may take several forms including reduced product rejection/waste; improved energy efficiency; increased intervals between sensor recalibration/maintenance; and increased sensor reliability, i.e., reduced amount of operator intervention. Traceability of temperature measurements to the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) is a critical factor in establishing low measurement uncertainty and reproducible, consistent process control. Introducing such traceability in situ (i.e., within the industrial process) is a theme running through this project.     

Effective optical excitation and resonant luminescence of erbium ions in the spectral region of eigenmodes of a planar microcavity

We report a strong increase in the intensity of spontaneous emission from erbium ions embedded into an active layer of amorphous silicon oxide (a-SiO _x ) in a planar microcavity based on a-Si:H/a-SiO _x layers. Using eigenmodes of this microcavity both for excitation (pumping) and for the extraction of photoluminescence, it is possible to increase the spontaneous emission intensity from erbium ions by a factor of about 500 as compared to the photoluminescence from a single doped a-SiO _x (Er) film.     

Investigation of cryogenic level sensors for LN2 and LOX

Investigations of two different types of cryogenic level sensors (capacitance and High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) for level measurement of liquid nitrogen (LN₂) and liquid oxygen (LOX) are presented here. They were tested for an active length of 400 mm in LOX and LN₂. A discrete diode array level sensor was used as a primary standard for calibrating these sensors. Comparative studies on linearity, sensitivity and other parameters at the operating temperatures are presented.     

微腔光频梳的应用研究进展

微腔光频梳作为一种频率的测量工具,具有高准确度、可集成化的优势,将在深空探测、精密计量等领域发挥巨大作用。本文系统全面地介绍了微腔光频梳在非线性激发产生和器件研制方面的技术现状,阐述了微腔光频梳在光钟、测距成像、光谱分析、频率合成器、低信噪微波源和相干通信等方面的研究进展,对光频梳未来的技术研究热点和应用前景进行了预测,为微腔光频梳在计量、测试、通信等领域的应用发展起到推动作用。     

NMIA Realization of the ITS-90 Based on Fixed-Point Cell Ensembles

NMIA has recently moved from an ITS-90 realization based on single cells of each fixed point to one based on ensembles of up to five cells of each fixed point from argon to silver. It has been suggested that relying on Raoult’s law to estimate the concentration of impurities in fixed-point cells, and to thereby estimate the likely shift introduced to the temperature of the melting or freezing phase transition, is inadequate. Measurements of NMIA’s present set of 36 cells confirm that using Raoult’s law alone is inadequate, and underestimates the temperature depression of some cells. Material purity assays are usually available for the metals (or gases); however, this will not include contamination introduced during the cell construction process or in-use impurity migration into the sample. At NMIA, we have (1) established ensembles of up to five cells of each fixed point and (2) established techniques and uncertainties for comparisons of cells at the 0.2 mK level. It is concluded that, at the sub-mK accuracy level, fixed-point cells should be considered as artifacts requiring calibration or validation to confirm their suitability as intrinsic reference standards.     

Spectroscopic Measurement of Air Temperature

Optical dimensional measurements have to be corrected for the refractive index of air. The refractive index is conventionally calculated from parameters of ambient air using either Edlén or Ciddor equations or their modified versions. However, these equations require an accurate knowledge of ambient conditions and especially the temperature of air. For example, to reach an uncertainty of 10^?7 in dimensions, the air temperature has to be known at ~100 mK level. This does not necessarily cause problems in a stable laboratory environment. However, if measurements are done outdoors or in an industrial environment, variations in temperature can be very rapid and local temperature gradients can cause significant error if not taken into account. Moreover, if the required distance is long, the temperature over the whole measurement path can be impractical or impossible to determine at sufficient temporal or spatial resolution by conventional temperature measurement techniques. The developed method based on molecular spectroscopy of oxygen allows both lateral spatial and temporal overlap of the temperature measurement with the actual distance measurement. Temperature measurement using spectroscopy is based on a line intensity ratio measurement of two oxygen absorption lines, previously applied for measurements of high temperatures in flames. The oxygen absorption band at 762 nm is a convenient choice for two-line thermometry since the line strengths are practical for short- and long-distance measurements and suitable distributed feedback lasers are commercially available. Measurements done on a 67 m path at ambient conditions demonstrate that the RMS noise of 22mK, or 7.5 × 10^?5, near 293 K using 60 s measurement time can be achieved, which is to our knowledge the best reported resolution.     

Comparison of the Argon Triple-Point Temperature in Small Cells of Different Construction

The argon triple point (\(T_{90} = 83.8058\,\hbox {K}\)) is a fixed point of the International Temperature Scale of Preston-Thomas (Metrologia 27:3, 1990). Cells for realization of the fixed point have been manufactured by several European metrology institutes (Pavese in Metrologia 14:93, 1978; Pavese et al. in Temperature, part 1, American Institute of Physics, College Park, 2003; Hermier et al. in Temperature, part 1, American Institute of Physics, College Park, 2003; Pavese and Beciet in Modern gas-based temperature and pressure measurement, Springer, New York, 2013). The Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research has in its disposal a few argon cells of various constructions used for calibration of capsule-type standard platinum resistance thermometers (CSPRT) that were produced within 40 years. These cells differ in terms of mechanical design and thermal properties, as well as source of gas filling the cell. This paper presents data on differences between temperature values obtained during the realization of the triple point of argon in these cells. For determination of the temperature, a heat-pulse method was applied (Pavese and Beciet in Modern gas-based temperature and pressure measurement, Springer, New York, 2013). The comparisons were performed using three CSPRTs. The temperatures difference was determined in relation to a reference function \(W(T)=R(T_{90})/R(271.16\hbox {K})\) in order to avoid an impact of CSPRT resistance drift between measurements in the argon cells. Melting curves and uncertainty budgets of the measurements are given in the paper. A construction of measuring apparatus is also presented in this paper.