Al3Ti基有序金属间化合物的无序化转变和非晶化

经５ｈ的高能球磨，Ａｌ７５Ｔｉ２５合金由铸态时的四方有序ＤＯ２２结构转变为我序ＦＣＣ过饱和固溶体；球磨６０ｈ后，仍保持ＦＣＣ结构，铸态时具有立方有序Ｌ１２结构的单相Ａｌ６７Ｔｉ２５Ｍｎ８合金，其结构随球磨时间的变化步骤为：有序ＦＣＣ→无序ＦＣＣ→ＦＣＣ超微晶＋非晶→非晶。     

复相Al3Ti基合金的高温强化

报导了对Ａｌ３Ｔｉ结合合金进行复相强化的研究,利用适量的Ｎｂ合金化,在Ｌｌ２Ａｌ３Ｔｉ基体中形成分散的第二相,其室温和高温强度显著提高,韧性也有改善。改变制备工艺,使合金发生重有序和析出过程,形成具有高度弥散微粒的复相细晶组织,合金的室温和高温强度进一步提高。并探讨了其强韧化作用机理。     

TiO2—Al—B系反应烧结制备的复相陶瓷和原位Al基复合材料

采用反应烧结方法，利用ＴｉＯ２，Ａｌ和Ｂ粉末间的放热反应的较低的温度下制备Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＢ２复相陶瓷和原位生长Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＴｉＢ２弥散粒子增强Ａｌ复合，Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＢ２复相陶瓷是密度ρ－０．８的多孔体，由尺寸小于２μｍ，在基体中呈现均匀分布，没有发现Ａｌ３Ｔｉ生成，这种原位Ａｌ基复合材料具有优于ＳｉＣｗ／Ａｌ复合材料的强度。     

Ti3Al金属间化合物的熔盐热腐蚀

采用电化学方法并结合扫描电镜、Ｘ射线衍射、电子探针和能谱等物相分析技术研究了Ｔｉ３Ａｌ金属间化合物在８００℃熔融ＮａＣｌ－（Ｎａ，Ｋ）２ＳＯ４体系中的腐蚀行为。结果表明，Ｔｉ３Ａｌ合金耐熔盐蚀性能远低于Ｎｉ基ＩＮ７３８合金。腐蚀时在合金表面形成外层为ＴｉＯ２，内层为富Ｎｂ的Ｎｂ２Ｏ５，Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＴｉＯ２的混面腐蚀产物层迅速增厚。腐蚀产物内层的富Ｎｂ氧化物破坏了膜层与合金基体的粘附性。     

氢处理对Ti3Al金属间化合物组织和性能的影响

对一种Ｔｉ３Ａｌ基合金（Ｔｉ－２４Ａｌ－１４Ｎｂ－３Ｖ－０．５ＭＯｒ（％）进行了氢处理，研究了合金的吸氢行为和组织变化，并对未渗氢和渗氢的试样进行了高温压缩试验，结果表明，合金的吸氢量在８００℃达到峰值，渗氢使合金中的Ｏ相体积分数下降，并可显著降低热压压缩变形的流变应力。     

球磨时间对机械合金化Al-8Ti合金组织的影响

采用机械合金化方法制备Ａｌ－Ｔｉ合金时，球磨时间影响粉体的粒度、结构和相组成，从而影响合金成型后的组织结构与性能。经过足够长时间球磨后，Ａｌ、Ｔｉ混合粉转变为单一Ａｌ（Ｔｉ）过饱和固溶体，且颗粒细小均匀；成型后可获得Ａｌ基体上弥散分布细小Ａｌ３Ｔｉ颗粒的Ａｌ－Ｔｉ合金。     

球磨时间对机械合金化Al—8Ti合金组织的影响

采用机械合金化方法制备Ａｌ－Ｔｉ合金时，球磨时间粉体的粒度、结构和相组成，从而影响合金成型后的组织结构与性能。经过足够长时间球磨后，Ａｌ、Ｔｉ混合粉转变为单一Ａｌ（Ｔｉ）过饱和固溶体，且颗粒细小均匀；成型后可获得Ａｌ基体上弥散分布细小Ａｌ３Ｔｉ颗粒的Ａｌ－Ｔｉ合金。     

TiO_2－Al－B系反应烧结制备的复相陶瓷和原位Al基复合材料

采用反应烧结方法，利用ＴｉＯ２，Ａｌ和Ｂ粉末间的放热反应在较低的温度下制备Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＢ２复相陶瓷和原位生长Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＴｉＢ２弥散粒子增强Ａｌ复合材料Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＢ２复相陶瓷是密度ρ～０．８的多孔体，由尺寸约１０μｍ的生长单元构成晶粒，在陶瓷中还含有少量的Ａｌ３Ｔｉ．Ａｌ基复合材料中原位形成的Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＴｉＢ２粒子尺寸小于２μｍ，在基体中呈现均匀分布，没有发现Ａｌ３Ｔｉ生成．这种原位Ａｌ基复合材料具有优于ＳｉＣｗ／Ａｌ复合材料的强度．     

Ti_3Al－Nb合金显微组织的研究

用透射电镜和ｘ射线能谱分析研究了Ｔｉ_３Ａｌ－Ｎｂ合金（Ｔｉ－２４Ａｌ－１４Ｎｂ－３Ｖ－０．５Ｍｏ）不同热处理状态下的组织结构。结果表明,Ｔｉ_３Ａｌ－Ｎｂ合金经α_２＋β两相区固溶１ｈ水冷处理以及经８５０℃时效２４ｈ空冷处理时,其显微组织由α２相、β２相和″０″相组成;低温区固溶处理,降低冷却速度以及固溶化时效处理均会有针状α２相析出,随着固溶温度的降低,α２相和″０″相的数量逐渐增多。     

机械合金化合成Al—Ti系纳米过饱和固溶体

利用ＸＲＤ，ＴＥＭ，硬度试验研究了Ａｌ－Ｔｉ系的机械合金化（ＭＡ）过程．经４０ｈ球磨后，Ａｌ－１５ａｔ．－％Ｔｉ形成了Ａｌ（Ｔｉ）的过饱和固溶体，Ａｌ－１０ａｔ．－％Ｔｉ除形成Ａｌ（Ｔｉ）外，还产生了少量的ｆｃｃ结构的新相．而Ａｌ－５ａｔ．－％Ｔｉ在球磨１２０ｈ后也未能形成完全的Ａｌ（Ｔｉ），但有ｆｃｃ结构相的形成，这种特殊的固溶行为可以用溶质原子在纳米晶晶界快扩散解释     

Mg-Ti基bcc结构固溶体的制备与性能研究

采用机械合金化制备Mg70-xTi12+xNi12Mn6(x=8、16、24、32)合金,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、差热分析(DTA)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和压强-成分-温度(PCT)分析等方法对合金粉末进行分析和表征。结果表明,随着球磨时间的增加,合金中hcp相所对应的衍射峰减弱,衍射峰宽化,合金中固溶度以及合金化程度提高;当球磨时间为200h时,在合金Mg46Ti36Ni12Mn6和Mg38Ti44Ni12Mn6中出现具有bcc结构的固溶体,Mg70-xTi12+xNi12Mn6(x=8、16、24、32)合金的吸氢量分别为0.83%、0.68%、1.36%和0.41%(质量分数),根据DTA测试结果,Mg70-xTi12+xNi12Mn6(x=8、16、24、32)合金氢化物的第一个吸热峰位置分别为670、688、593和662K。在Mg46Ti36Ni12Mn6合金中添加5%(质量分数)的TiF3和Nb2O5混合球磨后,合金的吸氢量分别增加到了2.33%和2.36%(质量分数),TiF3和Nb2O5能有效地提高Mg-Ti基合金的贮氢性能。     

Mikrostruktur und mechanische Eigenschaften der reibgeschweißten γ‐TiAl‐Feingusslegierung Ti‐47Al‐3.5(Mn+Cr+Nb)‐0.8(B+Si)

Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction welded γ‐TiAl based alloy Ti‐47Al‐3.5(Mn+Cr+Nb)‐0.8(B+Si) in investment cast condition. This paper describes properties of joints produced by friction welding of the intermetallic γ‐TiAl based alloy Ti‐47Al‐3.5(Mn+Cr+Nb)‐0.8(B+Si) in investment cast and hot‐isostatically pressed condition. The effect of friction welding parameters on microstructure and local properties are examined and discussed. It is found that the properties of the joint are essentially affected by properties of as‐cast Ti‐47Al‐3.5(Mn+Cr+Nb)‐0.8(B+Si) base material, both at room temperature and 700 °C.     

Microstructure evolution and mechanical property of Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.2Nb alloy during aging treatment

Aging treatment of Cu-based alloys is essential to enhance their strength that is desirable for their exten-sive engineering applications in electrical industry,whereas the underlying mechanism of strengthening is essential for massive manufacturing of these alloys.Here,the microstructure evolution of a supersatu-rated solid solution Cu-15Ni-8Sn-0.2Nb alloy aged at 400℃for different time was characterized at atomic scale using state-of-the-art transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and the corresponding mechanical property was also measured.The results reveal that the modulated structure,DO22/L12 ordering,and discontinuous precipitation(DP)appeared in the advances of aging time.At the early stage of aging treatment,component modulation waves and satellite spots appeared from spinodal decomposition and the modulation wavelength was identified in the range of 1-7 nm.Subsequently the modulated struc-tures formed-poor-rich solute regions,of which DO22 ordering was present in the Ni-poor region while L1 2 ordering appeared in the Ni-rich region.The sequence of ordering precipitates was further verified by density functional theory(DFT)simulations.Furthermore,orientation relationships and interfacial structures between DO22,L12 phases and the parent matrix were determined.The measured hardness of alloy reached a maximum value of 335 HV after aging for 120 min due to the coherence between the two ordering phases and matrix.These results illustrated the importance of aging on structural evolution and mechanical property of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy at various heat treatment stages,which could potentially help in manufacturing promising alloys for their extensive engineering applications.     

Microstructure Development in Laser-Processed Al–Ti–Ni Alloys with 25 At. % Ti

The microstructure of laser-processed (Al1–xNix)3 Ti with Ni content ranging from 5 to 15 at. % has been studied by scanning-and transmission-electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). All samples contain Al-rich dendrites with Ni-rich interdendritic phases. The dendrites in the 5 at. % Ni alloy consist of the Al3Ti phase with the DO22 type structure, whereas the alloys containing 8 to 15 at. % Ni consist of the Al67Ni8Ti25 phase with the L12-type structure. The lattice parameter of the L12 type structure of Al67Ni8Ti25 was determined by comparing the Higher Order Laue Zone (HOLZ) line patterns in experimental and calculated convergent beam electron diffraction disks. The lattice parameter was found to be a = 0.3935 ± 0.0003 nm. Within the L12 type regions of the alloy with 8 at. % Ni, precipitates with a new primitive tetragonal structure was found. The cell dimensions are a = 0.39 nm and c = 1.18 nm. AlNTi2 with Ti: Al ratio equal to 2.0 ± 0.2 was found as needles in interdendritic regions. The cell dimensions are consistent with a = 0.299 nm and c = 1.361 nm and space group P63/mmc.     

Si元素对明弧堆焊奥氏体合金组织及耐磨性的影响

为获得以奥氏体为基体且韧性及耐磨性良好的明弧堆焊合金,采用药芯焊丝自保护明弧焊方法制备了以奥氏体为基体的Fe-C-Mn-Cr-Nb-V-Ti系多元耐磨合金,借助X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及其附属能谱仪等测试手段,研究了Si含量对其组织和耐磨性的影响。结果表明:堆焊合金基体为γ-Fe,硬质相有(Fe,Cr,Mn,V)_(23)C_6,(Nb,Ti)C和(Fe,Cr)_3(C,B)等;当堆焊合金含1.5%Si(质量分数)时,出现了沿晶(Fe,Cr,Mn,V)_7C_3相;随着Si含量提高,沿晶界分布的(Fe,Cr,Mn,V)_(23)C_6型碳化物数量先增加然后减少,形态从树枝骨架状变为层片状离散孤立分布,胞状γ-Fe晶内原位析出的(Nb,Ti,V)C复合碳化物随之增大,堆焊合金耐磨性呈先提高后下降再提高的趋势;0.9%Si和1.5%Si堆焊合金试样的磨损质量损失低于一般高铬铸铁,具有良好的耐磨性和韧性,其磨损机制主要为磨粒的显微切削。     

Microstructure and oxidation behaviour of TiAl(Nb)/Ti<Subscript>2</Subscript>AlC composites fabricated by mechanical alloying and hot pressing

TiAl-based intermetallic matrix composites with dispersed Ti₂AlC particles and different amounts of Nb were successfully synthesized by mechanical alloying and hot pressing. The phase evolution of Ti–48 at%. Al elemental powder mixture milled for different times with hexane as a process control agent was investigated. It was found that after milling for 25 h, a Ti(Al) solid solution was formed; also with increase in the milling time to 50 h, an amorphous phase was detected. Formation of a supersaturated Ti(Al) solid solution after 75 h milling was achieved by crystallization of amorphous phase. Addition of Nb to system also exhibited a supersaturated Ti(Al,Nb) solid solution after milling for 75 h, implying that the Al and Nb elements were dissolved in the Ti lattice in a non-equilibrium state. Annealing of 75 h milled powders resulted in the formation of equilibrium TiAl intermetallic with Ti₂AlC phases that showed the carbon that originates from hexane, participated in the reaction to form Ti₂AlC during heating. Consolidation of milled powder with different amounts of Nb was performed by hot pressing at 1000°C for 1 h. Only the presence of γ-TiAl and Ti₂AlC was detected and no secondary phases were observed on the base of Nb. Displacement of γ-TiAl peaks with Nb addition implied that the Nb element was dissolved into TiAl matrix in the form of solid solution, causing the lattice tetragonality of TiAl to increase slightly. The values for density and porosity of samples indicated that condition of hot pressing process with temperature and pressure was adequate to consolidate almost fully densified samples. The isothermal oxidation test was carried out at 1000°C in air to assess the effect of Nb addition on the oxidation behaviour of TiAl/Ti₂AlC composites. The oxidation resistance of composites was improved with the increase in the Nb content due to the suppression of TiO₂ growth, the formation and stabilization of nitride in the oxide scale and better scale spallation resistance.     

合金元素对 Nb2Mo2Si合金相平衡及Nb2 Nb 5Si 3共晶组织形态的影响

采用电弧熔炼法制备了 Nb220Si210Mo、Nb220Si210Mo23M (M = Cr , Al , Ti) (原子分数) 四种 Nb2Mo2Si基超高温合金。利用 SEM、EDS、XRD等实验技术对铸造合金的相组成与组织形态进行了观察和分析。Nb220Si210Mo 合金由铌固溶体 (Nb SS) 与βNb 5Si 3化合物两相构成 , 其铸造组织包含大量片层状共晶 (Nb SS 2βNb 5Si 3) 组织。少量合金元素 Cr (3 at %) 能够改变 Nb220Si210Mo 合金的相平衡关系 , Nb220Si210Mo23Cr 的铸造组织中不仅存在 Nb SS和βNb 5Si 3 , 而且还出现少量 Cr 2Nb相 ; 而添加合金元素 Al、Ti (3 at %) 并不改变 Nb220Si210Mo 合金的相平衡关系。添加 Cr 使 Nb SS 2 βNb 5Si 3共晶组织失去了平直片层特征 ; Al 有利于共晶组织中片层状共晶形成 ; 添加 Ti使共晶组织呈现羽毛状特征。合金化使 Nb与βNb 5Si 3的晶格常数发生变化 : Nb的晶格常数均变小; Nb220Si210Mo23Cr合金中βNb 5Si 3的 c/ a值减小 , 其它 3种合金中βNb 5Si 3的 c/ a值增大。     

Mechanical properties and cyto-toxicity of new beta type titanium alloy with low melting points for dental applications

Beta stabilized new alloys such as Ti–29Nb–13Zr–2Cr, Ti–29Nb–15Zr–1.5Fe, Ti–29Nb–10Zr–0.5Si, Ti–29Nb–10Zr–0.5Cr–0.5Fe and Ti–29Nb–18Zr–2Cr–0.5Si have been developed for dental applications. These alloys were designed based on master alloy Ti–29Nb–13Ta–4.6Zr (TNTZ) for biomedical applications. In this research, high melting temperature element Ta was replaced with beta stabilizing elements such as Cr, Fe and Si to lower the melting temperature of the alloy.Their melting points, mechanical properties, surface reaction layers and cyto-toxicity were investigated in this study.Melting points of designed alloys fall by about 50 K to 370 K as compared with that of TNTZ, and Ti–29Nb–13Zr–2Cr has the lowest melting point of around 2050 K. Vickers hardness of the surface of each designed alloy cast into modified magnesia based investment material is in the range of 400 Hv to 500 Hv, which is lower than that of TNTZ (around 560 Hv).Balances of strength and ductility of cast Ti–29Nb–13Zr–2Cr, Ti–29Nb–15Zr–1.5Fe and Ti–29Nb–10Zr–0.5Cr–0.5Fe are nearly equal to that of cast TNTZ.Cell viability of each cast designed alloy is excellent.