含MgO的硅酸盐水泥熟料的形成动力学

应用Gentling方程和Arrhenius公式得出熟料的形成速率、反应速率常数及反应活化能等,研究MgO对硅酸盐水泥熟料形成动力学影响;结合X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜分析其对熟料矿物组成和形貌的影响.结果表明:适量的MgO可以促进硅酸盐矿物的形成和熟料煅烧温度的降低;当MgO含量(质量分数)从0增加到2%时.熟料形成...     

钼尾矿作为铁质原料配料烧制水泥熟料的研究

研究了利用钼尾矿代替铁质原料配料烧制水泥熟料,探讨了钼尾矿对水泥熟料煅烧和性能的影响。研究结果表明,钼尾矿配料有利于固相反应时的质点扩散和矿物的均匀分布,促进A矿的形成和生长,改善熟料的岩相结构;通过钼尾矿配料都能烧制出性能优良的水泥熟料。     

电石渣做钙质原料的熟料形成动力学研究

对电石渣做钙质原料烧制熟料形成动力学进行研究,探索电石渣配料对熟料烧成的影响。根据金斯特林格方程和阿累尼乌斯公式计算熟料形成反应的表观活化能。研究表明：电石渣配料煅烧水泥熟料的形成反应动力学较好地满足金斯特林格方程,电石渣替代石灰石配料烧制水泥熟料是可行的。但电石渣在替代石灰石煅烧熟料时熟料形成的表观活化能升高,会引起煅烧困难,在实际操作中要控制电石渣的掺量和改变工艺参数。     

建筑垃圾对水泥熟料形成动力学的影响

将建筑垃圾分别按0、10％、20％的比例替代部分石灰石和砂岩来烧制水泥熟料.对生料热分析可知,掺入建筑垃圾后生料的起始和终止反应温度向低温偏移,说明建筑垃圾的掺入能降低生料的反应温度.用金斯特林格和阿伦尼乌斯方程对熟料的形成动力学分析,结果表明,随建筑垃圾掺量的增加,反应的速率常数随之增大,表观活化能随之降低,分别由268.4降低到237.4、176.2 kJ/mol.这与生料的热分析结果一致.此外通过性能检测,掺杂建筑垃圾烧制的水泥熟料满足普通硅酸盐水泥的要求.     

用铅锌尾矿制备中热水泥熟料的研究

采用铅锌尾矿为原料来烧制中热硅酸盐水泥熟料.用差热分析测定熟料的易烧性;用X射线衍射分析研究了熟料的矿物组成;采用扫描电镜研究了矿物的晶体形貌;用热导式等温量热仪测量中热水泥的水化热.实验结果表明,使用铅锌尾矿来配料,可提高熟料的易烧性,矿物形成良好,并且水化热符合国家标准.     

利用铜尾矿作硅质原料制备硅酸盐水泥熟料的研究

利用铜尾矿作硅质原料,配制了不同率值的硅酸盐水泥生料,在不同温度(1 350 ℃、1 400 ℃和1 450 ℃)下进行煅烧,得到了相应的硅酸盐水泥熟料样品。利用乙二醇-乙醇法测定样品中的游离氧化钙f-CaO研究了水泥生料的易烧性,利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测试生料的吸放热峰研究了铜尾矿对水泥矿物形成温度的影响,并通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了熟料的矿物组成和微观结构。结果表明,与砂岩配料相比,采用铜尾矿作硅质原料配料烧制硅酸盐水泥熟料时,液相出现和C₃S开始形成的温度均更低,生料的易烧性更好。熟料石灰饱和系数(KH)低于0.92,1 400 ℃的煅烧温度下即可制备出f-CaO符合标准要求的硅酸盐水泥熟料,C₃S的尺寸约为20 μm,熟料的结构更加致密。     

利用钡盐废渣烧制高强度熟料的研究

利用钡盐废渣配料进行高强度水泥熟料的烧成试验,探讨了钡盐废渣对水泥熟料煅烧和性能的影响。研究结果表明,掺加钡盐废渣配料有利于固相反应时的质点扩散和矿物的均匀分布,促进A矿的形成和生长,改善熟料的岩相结构,能烧制出性能优良的水泥熟料。     

钼尾矿制备贝利特水泥熟料早期性能研究

本文以钼尾矿为主要原料制备贝利特水泥熟料.并通过强度、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等测试,研究了原料配比和石膏活化剂掺量对水泥熟料性能的影响.实验结果表明:以质量分数为23.3％钼尾矿、3.4％的河砂和73.3％的石灰石为原料,再添加1.5％的石膏作活化剂,在1350℃下煅烧0.5h制得的贝利特水泥熟料强度最高.钼尾矿的掺加对贝利特水泥熟料主要矿物种类没有影响.加入石膏可促进熟料烧成,且生成了少量硫铝酸钙,使得熟料强度明显增加.     

含硫铝酸钙矿物硅酸盐水泥熟料矿物组成设计

采用化学分析、X射线衍射等测试手段研究了掺杂离子对含硫铝酸钙(C_4A_3(S))硅酸盐水泥熟料烧成及矿物组成的影响.研究结果表明:要制备含C_4A_3(S)矿物硅酸盐水泥熟料,应在生料中掺入合适的杂质离子;适量的掺杂离子能降低含C_4A_3(S)矿物硅酸盐水泥熟料的烧成温度,大幅度促进熟料中f-CaO的吸收,改善生料的易烧性,在低温煅烧温度(1300 ℃或1350 ℃)下成功制备了含C_4A_3(S)矿物硅酸盐水泥熟料.     

原料中SiO2结晶特性影响熟料烧成的研究进展

二氧化硅(SiO2)是硅酸盐水泥生料的主要成分,其赋存于原料中的结晶特性对熟料烧成能耗及熟料质量具有决定性的影响.结合熟料烧成反应过程,根据熟料矿物与原料矿物组分之间的成键关系,分析了原料中SiO2参与熟料烧成反应的化学过程,综述了原料矿物中的Si-O键合形式,石英的含量、晶粒尺寸、晶型及结晶度等SiO2结晶特性对熟料烧成的影响及作用机理,并总结了提高惰性石英质原料中SiO2反应活性的方法.综述分析可为水泥企业高效应用各类硅源原材料,生产高质量水泥提供参考依据和科学方法.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。