微膨胀和侧向约束共同作用下混凝土徐变性能和孔结构的关系

为了研究膨胀剂在微膨胀和侧限约束共同作用时对混凝土徐变性能的影响,以及徐变性能与孔结构变化的关系。在室内进行了膨胀剂掺量分别为4%、8%、12%的混凝土徐变试验,测试了钢管与混凝土整体纵向变形随时间的变化及孔结构的分布规律,并结合标准养护无侧向约束、密封养护无侧向约束及密封养护有侧向约束3种情况的孔结构分析,进行了不同侧向约束下的混凝土徐变试验。结果表明:随着膨胀剂掺量的增加,混凝土中孔数量、孔隙率在减少;混凝土徐变度随着膨胀剂掺量的增大而减小。限制作用下混凝土的孔隙率、平均孔径和气孔含量比无侧向约束的混凝土小;侧向限制可以明显减小混凝土徐变度。研究认为膨胀剂通过固相和液相化学反应生成钙矾石,其吸水肿胀和结晶压力作用使混凝土体积膨胀;同时在钢管侧向约束力的作用下,混凝土存在的自应力促进了进一步水化,改变了混凝土的孔结构,从而使混凝土更加致密,减小了混凝土的徐变度。     

水胶比和粉煤灰掺量对补偿收缩混凝土自收缩特性的影响

通过测定基准混凝土和补偿收缩混凝土的自收缩,研究添加硫铝酸钙–氧化钙类膨胀剂的补偿收缩混凝土的自收缩特性,以及水胶比和粉煤灰掺量对于膨胀剂补偿效果的影响。结果显示:在前20h内硫铝酸钙–氧化钙类膨胀剂因为没有足够的强度约束而无法对混凝土自收缩产生补偿作用,在20～168h龄期内膨胀剂开始发挥补偿作用,自收缩减小。膨胀剂对自收缩的补偿效率受水胶比和粉煤灰掺量的影响很大,水胶比越大,膨胀剂对混凝土自收缩的补偿效率越高;粉煤灰掺量越大,膨胀剂的补偿效率越高。水胶比为0.34,粉煤灰掺量为45%时,适当掺量(6%)的膨胀剂产生的膨胀可以补偿全部的自收缩,使混凝土在30h后持续保持膨胀变形。     

抗收缩工程水泥基复合材料力学性能研究

工程水泥基复合材料(ECC)具有较好的延性和抗拉性能,但成型收缩率较大,容易导致试件成型开裂,严重影响结构的耐久性。在ECC中掺入高性能硫铝酸钙(HCSA)膨胀剂以减小ECC成型收缩率,研究了不同掺量的膨胀剂对ECC收缩率和力学性能的影响。结果表明：膨胀剂掺量为6%～8%(质量分数,下同)时可明显改善ECC的收缩率,膨胀剂掺量过高会使ECC出现膨胀现象;膨胀剂掺量为4%～6%时可明显提高ECC的抗压强度,但对抗拉强度影响较小;膨胀剂掺量为2%～4%时可明显提高ECC的剪切韧性,但对抗剪强度影响较小;膨胀剂掺量为6%～8%时可明显提高ECC的极限弯曲强度。     

充填层自密实混凝土力学性能

为掌握高速铁路CRTSIII型板式无砟轨道充填层自密实混凝土(SCC)持荷特性,通过系列试验,采用膨胀剂和粘度改性剂制备了适用于充填层的SCC,并对比分析了不同组成自密实混凝土、普通混凝土(NC)的单轴压缩应力-应变曲线和三点弯曲下的荷载-位移曲线等,探讨了膨胀剂、粘度改性剂对SCC力学特性的影响规律.结果表明:充填层自密实混凝土的破坏方式与同强度等级普通混凝土有较大不同,且其单轴压缩应力-应变曲线峰值应变明显较大,而峰后曲线下降较为迅速.硫铝酸盐类膨胀剂掺入,使得SCC的断裂韧性显著减小、脆性明显增大;与基准自密实混凝土、普通混凝土相比,双掺膨胀剂和粘度改性剂的充填层自密实混凝土的断裂性能仅稍许降低,其断裂能和延性指数降低率均不大于10％.     

水泥-膨胀剂-磨细矿渣复合胶凝材料膨胀与强度发展的协调性研究

研究了水泥-膨胀剂二元复合胶凝材料和水泥-膨胀剂-磨细矿渣三元复合胶凝材料, 这两种胶凝材料可以用于制备具有良好体积稳定性的高性能膨胀混凝土(HPEC).研究表明, 存在一个最优辅助胶凝材料掺量组合, 在此条件下胶凝材料具有良好的膨胀与强度的协调性, 在水泥-膨胀剂体系中, 膨胀剂的掺量范围在6%～12%, 其中掺6%～8%时用于配制补偿收缩混凝土, 掺8%～12%时用于配制填充性膨胀混凝土.在水泥-膨胀剂-矿渣体系中, 矿渣的掺量范围是20%～40%, 对应膨胀剂的掺量及胶凝材料的适用范围为膨胀剂6%～10%时用于配制补偿收缩混凝土, 掺8%～15%时用于配制填充性膨胀混凝土.矿渣的掺入可以削减由于膨胀剂过量而导致的过高的膨胀率, 从而避免由此造成的膨胀破坏现象.     

掺多膨胀源膨胀剂复合胶凝体系的膨胀性能及力学性能研究

为研究不同膨胀源膨胀剂对复合胶凝体系膨胀性能及力学性能的影响,对单掺及复配多膨胀源膨胀剂补偿收缩复合胶凝体系的限制膨胀率及抗折、抗压强度等开展了试验研究.结果表明:氧化镁和氧化钙-硫铝酸钙(简称CA膨胀剂)两种膨胀剂在单掺情况下,CA膨胀剂膨胀量远大于氧化镁;CA膨胀剂的膨胀速率随掺量的减小而变缓,膨胀稳定期变长,而MgO膨胀剂的膨胀速率不受掺量的影响.复掺情况下,高活性MgO的限制膨胀率始终大于低活性MgO,且后期膨胀差距会随着MgO膨胀剂掺量的增加逐渐增大.当CA、MgO两种膨胀剂在质量比为1:1复配情况下,可采用叠加原理来较为准确地预测多膨胀源膨胀剂的膨胀经时发展规律以及膨胀量.对于强度而言,相同掺量下MgO膨胀剂对强度的影响小于CA膨胀剂.此外,复掺试验组限制膨胀与限制强度随龄期发展的协调性取决于该配合比中对膨胀能贡献更大的单类型膨胀剂的协调性.     

氧化镁质和硫铝酸钙膨胀剂对工程水泥基复合材料性能的影响

本文研究了氧化镁质和硫铝酸钙膨胀剂对工程水泥基复合材料水化产物及微观结构的影响。结果表明:两种膨胀剂均会引起工程水泥基复合材料流动性能、力学性能的下降;掺入氧化镁质膨胀剂使得材料体系中大量生成富镁硅钙石,而掺入硫铝酸钙膨胀剂使得材料体系中钙矾石含量增大,两种水化产物均可以细化材料的孔结构,改善试样的抗氯离子渗透性能,5%(质量分数)掺量下硫铝酸钙膨胀剂试样的孔径比氧化镁质膨胀剂试样的更小,结构更加稳定。     

膨胀剂和硅灰改善C50喷射混凝土抗渗性能的研究

抗渗性差是喷射混凝土的突出问题,也是衬砌结构普遍渗漏水的主要原因之一.为提高抗渗性,将C50喷射混凝土作为研究对象,测试其抗渗等级、渗水高度和电通量,考察膨胀剂和硅灰对抗渗性的影响,并凭借孔结构分析、SEM等微观测试手段分析膨胀剂和硅灰的改善机理.结果 表明:单掺10％硅灰可将抗渗等级提高至W25以上.采用2％ ～6％膨胀剂与10％硅灰复掺可进一步改善抗渗性,渗水高度降低75％ ～ 87％、电通量降低20％～34％、孔隙率降低3％～14％.微观分析表明:膨胀剂和硅灰改善喷射混凝土的抗渗性主要通过填充和挤密作用.硅灰具有显著的微细填充特征,当膨胀剂与硅灰复掺时,膨胀剂水化后总体积增加,所增加体积的一部分与硅灰形成叠加填充效应,其余部分在约束作用下可发挥一定的挤密效应.     

复合掺合料与膨胀剂对自密实混凝土性能的影响研究

本文研究了粉煤灰与矿渣粉复掺,以及膨胀剂与矿物掺合料复掺对自密实混凝土工作性、力学性能、抗收缩性能的影响规律.研究表明:在一定范围内,粉煤灰与矿渣粉复掺时,矿渣粉掺量的增加,有利于提高混凝土拌合物的流动性和力学性能;膨胀剂掺量为8％～10％时,对改善自密实混凝土(Self compacting concrete,SCC)收缩性能有显著效果,膨胀剂低于适宜掺量范围时,无明显效果,当掺量高于12％时,混凝土体积稳定性变差,强度下降,确保掺膨胀剂的SCC在成熟过程中水养护对发挥膨胀剂性能十分重要,膨胀剂与掺和料复合使用时,对改善SCC收缩性能更佳.     

碱激发矿渣水泥基材料收缩性能研究

通过XRD、SEM、TGA等方法研究了膨胀剂掺量、碱当量、水玻璃模数对碱矿渣水泥砂浆干燥收缩、质量损失的影响。结果表明：氧化钙膨胀剂的加入会使矿渣产生膨胀现象,且随膨胀剂掺量（6%~10%）的增加,膨胀值增大;而氧化钙-硫铝酸钙复合膨胀剂的加入对矿渣的收缩无改善效果。XRD及SEM测试结果表明,氢氧化钙是氧化钙膨胀剂在矿渣中的主要膨胀源;掺加氧化钙-硫铝酸钙复合膨胀剂后未生成钙矾石相,是其未能改善矿渣收缩的主要原因。水玻璃模数及碱当量都会影响膨胀剂在矿渣中的作用效果。膨胀剂的加入会降低矿渣在干燥条件下的质量损失及体系游离水含量,其中氧化钙膨胀剂对两者的降低幅度更大。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

我国聚碳酸酯工业发展概况

介绍我国聚碳酸酯生产能力和消费需求,对聚碳酸酯在信息工业中的应用作了简短介绍     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.