不同干燥方法处理前驱体对ZrO_2粉体的影响

采用电热、冷冻、喷雾干燥法对化学沉淀法制备的ZrO2前驱体进行干燥后,在600℃下保温2h进行煅烧,并对ZrO2前驱体及煅烧产物进行物相表征,对ZrO2煅烧产物形貌及粒度分布进行分析。研究表明,采用不同的干燥方法制备的ZrO2粉体形貌和粒度分布不同,其中喷雾干燥制备的ZrO2粉体分散性最好,粒度分布窄,粒径较小,平均粒径达到85nm。     

以碱式碳酸锆为前驱体制备超细氧化锆及其抛光性能研究

以碱式碳酸锆为原料,采用先球磨后煅烧的方法制备超细ZrO2粉体,并研究粉体的抛光性能。研究结果表明:900℃～1200℃煅烧的ZrO2粉体均为单斜晶型,中位粒径小于4μm,适合软质玻璃抛光;煅烧温度1000℃、悬浮液中ZrO2粉体固含量为5%时,抛光效率高。     

一种分散的纳米TiO2的制备

采用微波干燥较好地控制了溶胶一凝胶制备纳米TiO2过程中的硬团聚，制备出了一种分散性较好的纳米TiO2。用差热分析、热重分析对制备过程进行了分析，用X射线衍射及透射电镜对粉体进行了表征。结果表明．前驱体经500℃煅烧可得到平均粒径为15nm左右的锐钛型纳米TiO2，经750℃煅烧后，可得到平均粒径为65nm左右的金红石型纳米TiO2。     

球形氧化锆的湿法制备过程研究

以氯氧化锆和碳酸氢铵为原料，采用连续反应沉淀法制备了微米级球形氧化锆前驱体，此前驱体在500℃下于空气气氛中煅烧2h得到球形氧化锆粉体。探讨了锆盐溶液浓度、加料速度、pH、反应时间对粉体颗粒粒径大小及其分布的影响。经SEN，XRD，TG—DSC和激光粒度测试仪分析，结果表明在最佳工艺条件下制备的氧化锆前驱体颗粒呈球形，分散性好，粒径分布在8—18μm。     

醇水加热-水热法制备稳定Y-Ce-ZrO2纳米粉体

用醇水加热法制备前驱体,再由水热法制备摩尔分数为2 %Y2O3-5.5 %CeO2稳定的纳米四方相ZrO2.采用XRD,FTIR,TEM,SEAD分别对前驱体和纳米ZrO2粉体进行表征.研究了溶液的浓度、水浴时间、水热时间对ZrO2粉体晶型和形貌的影响.结果表明当溶液中ZrOCl2·8H2O的浓度为0.2 mol/L,醇水体积比例为5∶1,溶液加热至75 ℃,保温60 min;再经200 ℃水热处理6 h,制得的Y2O3-CeO2-ZrO2粉体的平均粒径为10 nm左右,粒度分布窄,分散性好.     

沉淀法合成珊瑚状Nd：Y2O3超细粉体

在未添加任何表面活性剂及其它助剂的条件下,采用草酸沉淀法制备出珊瑚状的Nd：Y2O3超细粉体,并对其形成机理进行了分析。借助于TG-DTA、XRD、SEM等表征手段,研究了所得粉体的相组成和微观结构。结果表明：片状的沉淀前驱体在600℃煅烧2h直接生成珊瑚状的Nd：Y2O3超细粉体,珊瑚体表面由紧密堆积的颗粒构成,颗粒平均粒径约为130nm。随着煅烧温度的升高,粉体平均粒径逐渐变大,800℃煅烧2h所得粉体的平均粒径约为150nm。     

醇-水法制备Al2O3-ZrO2复合粉体及其表征

以Al(OH)3和ZrOCl2·8H2O为起始原料,以NH4HCO3为沉淀剂,在醇-水混合溶液中获得前驱体,将前驱体在空气中煅烧,制备了Al2O3-ZrO2复合粉体.探讨了不同煅烧温度对Al2O3-ZrO2复合粉体的物相组成和显微形貌的影响.采用综合热分析仪、X-射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等手段对粉体进行表征.结果表明:前驱体中含锆化合物主要以无定形的形式存在,当煅烧温度为600℃时,粉体中出现较强的t-ZrO2衍射峰,Al(OH)3的衍射峰肖失.当煅烧温度增加到1200℃时,粉体中主要存在α-Al2O3和t-ZrO2主晶相衍射峰.前驱体经600℃热处理后所制备的Al2O3-ZrO2复合粉体粒度分布均匀且大多数颗粒在50 ～ 100 nm之间;随着煅烧温度的升高,Al2O3-ZrO2复合粉体颗粒出现长大,且其显微形貌由球状颗粒为主逐渐向球状、片状以及短棒状等多样化结构过渡.     

溶胶-凝胶和冷冻干燥法制备Nd∶YAG纳米粉体及透明陶瓷的制备

本文以异丙醇铝,醋酸钇和醋酸钕为原料,用溶胶-凝胶和冷冻干燥法制备了Nd3+原子掺杂浓度为1.0％的Nd:YAG粉体.利用X-射线衍射仪和透射电镜对粉体的物相组成和粒度进行了分析测试,结果表明,前驱体经900℃高温煅烧2h后已完全转变为纯YAG相,平均粒径为40nm左右.随着煅烧温度的升高,粒径逐渐增大.采用热压和热等静压相结合工艺烧结出尺寸为φ50 mm ×2.5 mm的Nd∶YAG透明陶瓷,样品1064 nm的透过率为82.5％.     

钴铝水滑石煅烧尖晶石相氧化产物的制备及表征

采用共沉淀法合成Co-Al-LDHs类水滑石前躯体,通过煅烧得到尖晶石氧化粉体,并研究了不同保温时间和煅烧温度对尖晶石氧化粉体结构的影响,借助XRD和TG对前躯体及其氧化粉体的结构进行表征,采用SEM对氧化粉体形貌表征。结果表明,采用共沉淀法制备的前躯体具有典型的水滑石结构,前驱体的热分解温度分别为200℃和240℃。前驱体铝类水滑石在900℃煅烧和4h保温的条件下得到钴铝氧化粉体的尖晶石结晶性良好,粒径细小均匀。实验制备工艺条件简单且产物结晶性良好的尖晶石,为钴铝尖晶石的制备提供一个具有实际应用价值的制备方法。     

液相沉淀法制备ZrO2/Al2O3纳米复合粉体

以NH4Al(SO4)2·12H2O,ZrOCl2·8H2O,Y(NO)3为原材料,用NH4HCO3作沉淀剂,控制滴定速度小于5 mL/min,采用液相沉淀法制备了超细3Y-ZrO2/Al2O3前驱体.前驱体为分散的碱式碳酸盐,在1 200℃煅烧得到了分散性良好,平均粒径为20 nm的t-ZrO2和α-Al2O3两相分布均匀的纳米复合粉体.X射线衍射分析显示前驱体在煅烧过程中无中间相γ-Al2O3,θ-Al2O3生成.所制备的粉体具有高的烧结活性.在1 450℃烧结后烧结体相对致密度可达97.4%.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。