高速铁路无砟轨道中改性CA砂浆的低温性能研究

为了提升高速铁路无砟轨道中CA砂浆的低温性能,研究了SBS单独改性、纳米碳纤维CNFs单独改性和SBS/CNFs复合改性对CA砂浆抗压强度和抗折强度的影响,并分析了不同龄期下砂浆抗压强度和抗折强度的变化规律.结果表明,SBS掺量不会对CA砂浆的7d抗压强度产生明显影响,但是28d抗压强度、7d和28d抗折强度会随着SB...     

膨胀珍珠岩-石蜡相变储能砂浆的力学性能研究

利用膨胀珍珠岩对石蜡具有良好的吸附性能,以石蜡为蓄热芯材,膨胀珍珠岩为载体,经碱矿渣封装后,制备了膨胀珍珠岩-石蜡复合相变储热材料。由于毛细作用力和表面张力的作用,石蜡在相变过程中,很难从膨胀珍珠岩的微孔中渗透出来。将相变储能珍珠岩作为细集料制备出相变储能砂浆,对其热物理性能力学性能进行了试验研究,结果表明:采用碱矿渣对吸附了相变材料的珍珠岩表面进行封装,相变材料的质量损失率、潜热变化率及温度变化率均较小,封密性和稳定性较好;相变循环对砂浆强度影响较小;在配合比相同的情况下,相变材料对砂浆的强度影响较大,相变储能砂浆的抗压强度低于普通砂浆。     

水泥-乳化沥青-环氧乳液复合胶浆硬化机理研究

针对水泥路面表面损伤修补材料应当具有良好的适应性、界面粘结强度高和较强耐久性等特点,对砂浆类修补材料进行复合改性,研发出一种新型有机-无机类复合修补材料--CAE复合胶浆.对不同龄期的CAE砂浆进行抗折、抗压试验以及冲击韧性试验并采用XRD、红外光谱和SEM等微观测试方法研究其硬化机理.研究结果表明,环氧乳液掺量为30％时,CAE复合胶浆抗折强度与普通砂浆差别不大,抗压强度较普通砂浆低,但冲击韧性显著提高.加入乳化沥青和环氧乳液能够延缓水泥水化但不能阻碍水化进程,环氧乳液能够在CAE复合胶浆中完全固化,乳化沥青和环氧乳液固化形成的网络结构与水泥水化产物相互交织穿插,有效改善了CAE复合胶浆材料的孔隙结构.     

砂的细度对水泥基材料性能的影响

本文选用了四种不同粒径的砂(粗砂、中砂、细砂和特细砂),考虑了两种不同的水灰比(0.35和0.5),研究了砂的细度对砂浆力学性能、自由收缩性能、抗开裂性能和微观结构的影响.其中通过力学性能试验测定了试件的抗压强度和抗折强度;采用直接长度的测量方法测定试件不同龄期的自由收缩量;采用圆环试验方法研究砂浆的抗开裂性能,在钢环内表面黏贴应变片,通过测得的应变计算砂浆的约束应力;对试样进行扫描电镜试验,观察砂和水泥石的界面过渡区的微观结构.试验结果表明,砂的粒径对砂浆的力学性能、自由收缩、约束收缩和微观结构都有较大影响.使用特细砂的砂浆各项性能均最差;使用中砂的砂浆各项性能最好,尤其是其自由收缩和抗开裂性能.     

硅烷偶联剂对复合水泥砂浆性能的影响

通过红外光谱分析及砂浆强度测试，研究了硅烷偶联剂对不同种类复合水泥砂浆的稠度、分层度、抗折强度及抗压强度的影响。结果表明，加入硅烷偶联剂能提高普通水泥砂浆、苯丙胶乳改性水泥砂浆的抗折强度和抗压强度；当硅烷偶联剂质量分数为0．5％时，普通水泥砂浆的抗折强度和抗压强度达到极大值，提高约10％；当硅烷偶联剂质量分数为1％时，苯丙胶乳改性水泥砂浆的抗折强度和抗压强度达到极大值，提高约20％；同时，硅烷偶联剂还能增大普通水泥砂浆和苯丙胶乳改性水泥砂浆的稠度，但砂浆的分层度略有增大。加入经硅烷偶联剂处理的钢纤维，能够提高普通水泥砂浆及苯丙胶乳改性水泥砂浆的抗折强度和抗压强度；当钢纤维用硅烷偶联剂质量分数为1％的硅烷偶联剂水溶液处理时，钢纤维增强砂浆的抗折、抗压强度达到极大值，提高10％以上。     

超低温下砂浆力学性能的试验研究

水泥基材料的超低温性能与其常温以及低温性能有很大差异。研究了超低温养护时间、常温养护时间、含水率等因素对普通砂浆、高强砂浆、高强引气砂浆在–110℃超低温力学性能的影响,并与其常温性能进行了比较。结果表明:超低温下砂浆强度不仅取决于超低温养护时间还取决于水灰比、常温养护时间、砂浆含水率及孔隙水结冰程度等因素。砂浆超低温强度在早期随着超低温养护时间增加而快速增长,后期抗折强度、抗压强度分别于3,7d后趋于稳定。砂浆常温下压折比大于超低温下的压折比,砂浆在超低温下脆性降低。含水率是影响超低温下砂浆强度的最显著因素之一,且孔隙水对砂浆超低温抗折强度的提高率大于其对抗压强度的提高率。     

矿渣微粉对脱硫石膏基砂浆物理力学性能的影响

研究了矿渣微粉掺量变化对脱硫石膏基砂浆的稠度、体积密度、抗压强度、抗折强度、软化系数、粘结拉伸强度、干燥收缩性能等物理力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,矿渣微粉对脱硫石膏基砂浆物理力学性能具有显著影响,能显著提高脱硫石膏基砂浆稠度、新拌砂浆体积密度和硬化砂浆体积密度,降低脱硫石膏基砂浆的抗压强度、抗折强度和软化系数,尤其是早期强度;但能明显提高粘结拉伸强度,显著降低干燥收缩率,改善干燥收缩性能;矿渣微粉掺量不超过20%时,其对脱硫石膏基砂浆上述物理力学性能的改善效果较佳。     

玻璃纤维增强碱式硫酸镁水泥制备工艺研究

以玻璃纤维为增强材料,木屑为轻质骨料,碱式硫酸镁水泥为胶凝材料制备了复合板材.研究了水泥的氧化镁活性、摩尔比、水灰比、外加剂掺量、养护温度、玻璃纤维层数对复合板材不同龄期下的抗折强度和抗压强度的影响.研究结果表明,采用a-MgO/MgSO4摩尔比为6.0,水灰比为0.35,木屑掺量为20%,玻璃纤维层数为3时可制备出抗压强度为35.89 MPa,抗折强度为15.6 MPa的复合板材.采用高温养护,可提高复合板材的早期强度.采用XRD、SEM分析了外加剂和养护工艺对水化相组成和形貌的影响.     

尼龙纤维增强水泥砂浆性能的试验研究

本文分析了尼龙纤维的不同体积掺量(0.05％,0.1％,0.2％,0.3％)及不同纤维长度(6 mm,12 mm,15 mm,19 mm)对水泥砂浆的抗折强度、抗压强度、韧性(折压比)及干缩性能的影响.结果表明,尼龙纤维的掺入能有效提高砂浆的抗折强度、折压比及降低同龄期下的自由干缩率,但抗压强度变化不很明显,甚至有一定程度的降低.     

铁尾矿砂砂浆力学性能和收缩性能研究

测试了铁尾矿砂的颗粒级配、细度模数、石粉含量及密度等基本性能,用铁尾矿砂取代不同量的天然砂制备砂浆,研究其对砂浆工作性能、力学性能、吸水性能及收缩性能的影响.实验结果表明:铁尾矿砂砂浆减水剂饱和掺量点与天然砂砂浆相同,铁尾矿砂砂浆流动度经时损失速度大于天然砂砂浆;铁尾矿砂的掺入会降低砂浆的流动性,增加砂浆的表观密度,提高砂浆的抗折强度与抗压强度,随着铁尾矿砂取代量增大,砂浆不同龄期的干燥收缩率显著增大.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。