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为解决透水混凝土强度与透水性的矛盾,配制出高性能透水混凝土,研究骨料类型以及骨料级配、水胶比、孔隙率、硅灰等因素对透水混凝土抗压强度与透水性等性能的影响.结果表明:骨料类型和骨料级配对透水混凝土性能影响显著,5~10 mm和10~15 mm各50%的混合级配的强度比5~10 mm单一级配提高15%,但透水性降低32%;相同条件下,辉绿岩骨料的透水混凝土强度要高于花岗岩11%,透水系数高于花岗岩骨料28%.水胶比和孔隙率对透水混凝土性能影响明显,为兼顾透水混凝土强度和透水性要求,实验中推荐最佳水灰比范围为0.25~0.30,孔隙率合理范围为15%~18%;当水胶比为0.25时,最佳硅灰掺量为6%. 相似文献
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通过正交试验,研究了孔隙率、水胶比以及硅灰掺量对透水混凝土抗压强度、抗弯拉强度、透水系数的影响.试验结果表明,孔隙率和硅灰掺量对透水混凝土的力学性能影响显著,水胶比影响较小.随着孔隙率的提高,透水混凝土的抗压强度和抗弯拉强度均显著降低,透水系数显著提高;随着硅灰掺量的增加,抗压强度和抗弯拉强度有升高趋势,透水系数降低不显著.随抗压强度的增加,透水系数有下降趋势,抗弯拉强度有增加趋势,折压比(ff/fc)在0.10 ~0.14之间.最后,通过多元线性回归,建立了不同因素对透水混凝土抗压、抗弯拉强度和渗透系数的数学表达式,通过权重评价不同因素的影响规律. 相似文献
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采用正交法进行试验设计,选取水灰比、水泥用量和聚合物掺量三种因素,设计制作了16组聚合物透水混凝土试块,分别进行了抗压、抗折、冻融、透水系数以及孔隙率试验,分析了各影响因素对其性能的影响.结果 表明,水灰比对聚合物透水混凝土的抗压强度、抗折强度和透水性能影响最大,其中水灰比存在最佳值.通过试验制备的聚合物透水混凝土试件最大抗压强度可达45.2 MPa,冻融循环次数达到150次.在试验的基础上,给出了聚合物透水混凝土抗压强度和抗折强度、抗压强度和透水系数以及透水系数与孔隙率之间的回归公式. 相似文献
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研究用碳化集料代替普通集料,制备透水混凝土。测试碳化钢渣集料的表观密度、堆积密度、压碎指标、针片状含量、孔隙率和吸水率等性能指标,并利用XRD和SEM观测集料表面的矿物组成和微观形貌。按照相应国家标准,设计碳化钢渣集料透水混凝土配比,测试碳化钢渣集料对透水混凝土的抗压强度、孔隙率、透水率及抗冻性的影响,探讨碳化集料在透水混凝土中的适宜替代量。 相似文献
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研究自主研制的胶结料不同掺量、水灰比、集料级配及灰集比对砂基透水混凝土路面砖强度、透水性的影响,并通过室内试验测试试件保水性、抗冻性、耐磨耗性、抗硫酸盐-干湿循环侵蚀.先将自主研制的胶结料Ⅰ与3种同类型胶结料通过胶砂试验比选.结果表明:胶结料Ⅰ(28 d)抗压强度59.2 MPa、抗折强度9.3 MPa,优于同类型胶结料;胶结料Ⅰ掺砂基透水混凝土路面砖最优掺量为水泥质量的5%,其强度为35.6 MPa,透水系数为3.5×10 -2 cm/s,并具有良好的保水性、抗冻性、耐磨耗性和抗硫酸盐-干湿循环侵蚀性能. 相似文献
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基于可压缩堆积模型,以全孔隙率为设计指标,提出了一种考虑成型过程和集料级配影响的透水混凝土配合比设计方法.该方法首先根据可压缩堆积模型挑选出干堆积密实度较高的级配集料,引入反映成型过程影响的比例因子λ建立了集料在透水混凝土中的堆积密实度与其干堆积密实度之间的关系,进而确定出单位体积透水混凝土的集料用量;然后根据集料用量和水灰比,计算得到透水混凝土的水泥浆体体积和水泥用量.对依据该方法设计的透水混凝土性能验证试验表明,实测全孔隙率与设计全孔隙率非常吻合,达到预设目标;透水混凝土强度随小粒径集料体积分数的变化趋势与集料干堆积密实度的相近,但是并非干堆积密实越高则强度越高,强度还受到集料粒径的影响. 相似文献
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透水混凝土在缓解城市内涝、噪音效应和热岛效应等方面具有广泛的应用前景,但多孔导致的强度偏低限制了其进一步推广应用。本文采用再生粗骨料和聚丙烯纤维配制高性能透水再生混凝土,设计五因素四水平正交试验,采用极差法分析水胶比、目标孔隙率、再生粗骨料取代率、粉煤灰掺量和聚丙烯纤维掺量对透水再生混凝土抗压强度、有效孔隙率、透水系数的影响规律。结果表明:透水再生混凝土抗压强度影响因素的主次顺序为目标孔隙率>再生粗骨料取代率>水胶比>聚丙烯纤维掺量>粉煤灰掺量;透水再生混凝土抗压强度最大为48.26 MPa,此时透水系数为1.96 mm/s;随着目标孔隙率的提高抗压强度呈线性下降的趋势;40%再生粗骨料等质量取代天然粗骨料后,透水再生混凝土的抗压强度达到28.7 MPa,提高119.08%,透水系数增加9.44%;掺入0.11%体积掺量的聚丙烯纤维后透水再生混凝土的抗压强度达到27.4 MPa,提高幅度为10.48%,而且透水性能不会降低。研究结果可以为高性能透水再生混凝土的制备提供依据。 相似文献
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以透水系数为指标研究了粗集料粒径、水胶比、集灰比等因素对透水混凝土透水性能的影响。结果表明:随着水胶比的增大,透水混凝土的透水系数出现明显下降;随着集灰比的增大,透水混凝土的透水能力有所提升;而粗集料粒径对透水混凝土透水系数的影响不大。为了获得良好的经济性及透水性,配制透水混凝土时应采取最小水泥用量原则。 相似文献
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低渗透油田回注水精细处理技术及发展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在对油田污水处理调研的基础上总结了低渗透油田回注水的工艺技术,分析了回注水对低渗透油田储层的危害因素,探讨了现有技术条件下如何最大限度地满足低渗透油田回注要求,展望了该技术的发展方向. 相似文献
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Extending the model of transient permeation through the reactive barrier film presented in part I of this series to two‐layer reactive–passive barrier structures, we devote part II to the analysis of the evolution of interfacial solute concentrations between the layers. The concepts developed earlier are applied to the transient ingress analysis of two‐layer films where one of the layers contains a noncatalytic solute scavenger. In particular, we show that for reactive–passive films, the averaging approximation of the transient interfacial solute concentration provides good agreement with numerical results for the transient effective flux. The applicability range of this averaging and the error introduced by it are quantified. For the passive–reactive films, the same averaging fails to predict the effective flux dynamics. A new method of ingress analysis is presented for such structures to correct the situation. The method is based on the effective flux dynamics in the homogeneous reactive membrane and the dynamic reactive to the passive–reactive flux scaling between the initial and final solute concentration profiles corresponding to the scavenger activation and scavenger exhaustion times. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1952–1965, 2006 相似文献
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In part III of this series of articles, we present the analysis of transient permeation through two‐layer reactive–passive (RP) film designs, the analysis extension to multilayer structures, and optimized design solutions for multilayer barriers incorporating immobile noncatalytic oxygen scavenger within one of the layers. The reduction of oxygen ingress into a package within a certain timeframe depends on two factors: extension of the scavenger exhaustion time and reduction of the transient transmission rate through the film during that time. The optimal design for the scavenger exhaustion time involves exposure of the reactive layer to the package contents and its protection from high levels of environmental oxygen by the best possible passive barrier layer. The film barrier properties can be further optimized by the selection of the matrix material to place the scavenger in. Reducing the initial transmission rate requires the placement of the scavenger within a layer with the lowest diffusivity of the matrix polymer. When one chooses between two layers with different material transport properties in which to put the scavenger, the optimal solution for the ingress depends on the desired time to provide an improved barrier. The lifetime of the scavenger in the RP film is shortened for design 1, when the diffusivity of the reactive layer is smaller than that of the passive layer, compared to RP design 2, with the layer matrix sequence reversed, but the transient transmission rate is greatly reduced on average for the former. If the desired time to provide a barrier does not exceed the scavenger exhaustion time for RP design 1, the lowest diffusivity material should be used as a matrix for the innermost layer loaded with the scavenger. Otherwise, the highest possible passive barrier should be placed into the film external layer to minimize the total ingress during longer times. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1966–1977, 2006 相似文献
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Hydrocyclones are designed for solid‐liquid separation widely used in industry due to their advantages including high separation efficiency. Depending on the purpose desired by the user, it is possible to enhance the performance of the hydrocyclone through the combined use of other unit operations with the hydrocycloning such as filtration. The incorporation effect of a porous cylinder on a hydrocyclone with optimized geometry was studied experimentally. According to the main results, the filtering cylindrical hydrocyclone showed significant average reductions in energy consumption compared to conventional hydrocyclones of the same geometry. Minor differences in terms of total efficiency of the filtering equipment were observed compared to the conventional one. 相似文献
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本文利用GC-MS分析了基于膜挥发工艺的膜挥发苹果香水的工艺配方组成,并与相应的纤维芯棒挥发工艺的配方结构及挥发性能进行比较。结果表明,和纤维芯棒挥发工艺相比,膜挥发工艺具有飘香均匀且香气稳定的特点。二者的工艺差异主要体现在香水配方结构上,膜挥发工艺中主要采用膜挥发性能良好的香原料,占配方总量的48.59%,同时配合40.95%膜挥发一般的香原料和10%香水稳定剂协同挥发,而纤维芯棒挥发香水配方中膜挥发性能良好的香原料只占配方总比例6.31%左右。因此,选择具有良好膜挥发性能的香原料是开发膜挥发工艺香水产品的关键。 相似文献
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地下水是人类宝贵的淡水资源,然而随着现代社会工业化进程的不断发展和人类活动的急剧增加,污染程度也不断加重,这将对人类健康和社会发展造成极大危害,因此必须要研究出行之有效的治理方法,以达到最佳的地下水污染修复。该文在大量搜集国内外地下水重金属污染修复技术研究资料的基础上,针对性的对可渗透反应墙(PRB)技术的概念、原理、活性材料的选取、结构类型、国内外应用实例进行了总结,并提出了目前PRB技术存在的问题及前景展望。 相似文献