颗粒增强金属基复合材料的发展概况

从材料选择、制备工艺和生产应用等多方面对颗粒增强金属基复合材料的发展现状进行了综合评述,指出颗粒增强金属基复合材料的研究与开发应走系统化、规模化、可持续发展的道路。     

Effect of Micro- and Nano-SiC Particulate Reinforcements in Magnesium-Based Metal Matrix Composites

The effects of the volume ratios of micro and nano-SiC particles (SiCp) on the grain refinement, distribution of SiCp particle, and tensile properties of the as-cast AZ31B (Mg-3Al-1Zn-0.3Mn) magnesium-based metal matrix composites have been investigated. As the volume fraction of micron SiCp decreases to 9 vol.% and the nano-SiCp increases to 1 vol.%, excellent grain refinement effect is achieved. This is due to both the uniform distribution and refining effects of micro- and nano-SiCp. Moreover, the micron SiCp distribute along the grain boundaries, while nano-SiCp is mainly distributed around the micron SiCp. The room-temperature tensile results show that the optimal room-temperature yield and tensile strengths are achieved with a 9/1 ratio of micro to nano-SiCp, while the 9.5/0.5 ratio yielded the highest elongation.     

颗粒增强金属基复合材料的制备技术和界面反应与控制

金属基复合材料被誉为２１世纪的材料,其中短纤维或陶瓷颗粒增强金属基复合材料（ＰＲＭＭＣｓ）更具有吸引力。铝合金和镁合金是基体材料的最佳候选者,而陶瓷颗粒由于具有优异的性能倍受青睐。在金属基体中加入增强相,可以提高材料的强度、弹性模量、硬度、耐磨性,降低热膨胀系数,改善高温性能和抗疲劳性,然而会导致材料的塑性、韧性下降。近年来,发展了许多制备技术,根据工艺的温度可分为三类：液相工艺、固相工艺和液－固两相工艺。增强相与基体之间的界面反应取决于制备工艺、增强相与基体材料的组成、温度和时间等因素,反过来又对制备工艺和材料的性能产生重要的影响,控制界面反应使之有利于制备工艺和材料的性能是研究的重要目标之一。本文重点对颗粒增强金属基复合材料研究中制备技术和界面反应与控制等热点问题进行分析讨论。     

Analytical Modeling of Tool Wear Progression During Turning Particulate Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites

This paper presents an analytical model for the prediction of tool flank wear progression during bar turning of particulate reinforced metal matrix composites. In this paper, a methodology for analytically predicting the wear progression as function of tool/workpiece properties and cutting parameters is presented. According to this approach, the wear volume due to two body and three body abrasion is formulated. Then, the flank wear rate is formulated by considering the tool geometry in 3D turning. Turning tests were carried out for a range of cutting speeds, tool nose radius and volume fraction of particles. The results showed good agreement between predicted and measured tool wear progression.     

爆炸焊接金属复合材料的腐蚀与防护

爆炸焊接作为一种特种焊接技术 ,它的特点是在瞬间能将相同的、特别是不同的和任意的金属材料组合 ,简单、迅速和牢固地焊接在一起 ,因此可以制造大面积的各种组合、各种形状、各种尺寸和各种用途的双金属及多金属复合材料。这些复合材料中有一类是充分利用和发挥金属化学性能的 ,例如钛、锆、铌、钽、钨、钼、铜、铝、镍、贵金属和不锈钢等 ,它们在相应的化学介质和条件下有良好的耐蚀性 ,它们与普通钢组成的复合材料既有上述金属薄复层的优良的耐蚀性 ,又有厚基层钢高强度的特点 ,而其成本仅为复层金属的 1/2～ 1/5。此类复合材料已广泛应…     

轻质金属基复合材料

Mg2 Si弥散强化的镁基复合材料〔1〕　镁合金如果在强度、硬度、抗磨性和耐蚀性方面得到提高 ,作为一种特殊的轻质高强度材料 ,将会在节能降耗方面带来重大的经济效益。因此 ,在镁粉 硅粉混合压块中利用就地合成Mg2 Si弥散颗粒的途径制取镁基复合材料 ,研究了这种弥散颗粒的强化效果及其分布的均匀性对其力学性能的影响。研究时采用了平均粒度分别为 2 2 3μm和 10 9 9μm的细硅粉和粗硅粉 ,并采用粒度为 111 5 μm的纯镁粉为原料。纯镁粉与 5 %、10 %、15 %和 2 0 % (质量 )硅粉的混合物共 4批 ,每批混合物均以 6 0 0MPa的压力冷压固…     

粉煤灰颗粒增强铝基复合材料的研究

采用粉末冶金法成功制备了煤粉灰颗粒增强铝基复合材料。煤粉灰颗粒大多为球形,密度为2.75g/cm3,颗粒直径主要集中在5～60μm范围内,主要成分为SiO2、Al2O3和Fe2O3,三者质量分数总和超过85%。经SEM分析表明,该复合材料中存在着颗粒团聚,并有少量气孔产生。随着煤粉灰质量分数的增加,复合材料的密度逐渐减少;当煤粉灰颗粒的质量分数在10%以下时,该复合材料的硬度是上升的,超过10%时硬度开始下降。     

颗粒增强镁基复合材料研究进展

综述了不同种类颗粒增强镁基复合材料的最新研究进展，着重介绍了这些复合材料的组织、结构、性能及界面问题。针对目前颗粒增强镁基复合材料研究领域存在的问题，提出了该领域的研究方向：探索控制增强颗粒和基体界面行为的有效手段：研究低成本、短流程的原位颗粒增强复合材料制备技术；实现多种材料制备和加工技术的紧密结合；借助现代计算机模拟技术对增强颗粒强化和失效机制进行研究将是该领域的研究方向。     

颗粒增强铝基复合材料断裂韧度研究

采用搅熔复合法制备颗粒增强铝基复合材料．对复合材料断裂韧度进行了测试。系统研究了影响该材料断裂韧度的各种影响因素：结果表明：在增强相加入量相同时．采用Sic颗粒复合材料的断裂韧度比Al2O3的影响显著，而增强颗粒质量分数越高．则复合材料的断裂韧度越低．增强颗粒尺寸越小，复合材料断裂韧度值越大。热处理状态对断裂韧度也有较大影响，人工时效比自然时效状态下的断裂韧度高。     

颗粒增强镍基复合材料的研究进展

介绍了几种镍基复合材料及其制备工艺,总结了镍基复合材料的发展情况,并指出了当前研究中存在的主要问题和将来的研究方向。     

Progress in Metal Matrix Composites

Abstract

Metal matrix composites are produced by several contrasting manufacturing techniques and in many different shapes and forms. Solid state processing routes are generally favoured for putative aerospace applications, whereas liquid metal routes appear more promising for automobile applications. Both groups of production routes can accommodate reinforcements of continuous fibre, short fibre, particulate and hybrid fibre-particulate types and the reinforcement phase can be distributed uniformly throughout the composite structure or, using preform technology, in selected regions of the casting.

The greatest problem arising during manufacture and during post-production thermal processing of MMCs is that of chemical instability of the constituent phases. Thermodynamic incompatibilities restrict the use of certain manufacturing routes for specific composite couples and limit the working environment of others. Commercial aspects of MMC production, either directly to near net shape or by subsequent machining, indicate high cost penalties for specific limited gains.

The mechanical properties of MMCs are inevitably a compromise between the properties of the matrix and reinforcement phases. In particular, ductility and toughness are frequently sacrificed for higher modulus. Measures to improve toughness whilst maintaining stiffness are being explored. Wear properties of MMCs are extremely good; machinability, on the other hand, can be poor.     

多元多尺度增强钛基复合材料复合设计与先进加工技术研究进展

多元多尺度钛基复合材料以其轻质、高强、耐热等优异的性能在航空航天等高新技术领域具有广阔的应用前景。从多元多尺度强化设计思路、先进加工技术、工程应用等方面综述了原位自生钛基复合材料的研究现状。指出了研究中的关键突破点与存在的问题,并提出了新的研究方向,进一步优化复合材料多元多尺度设计体系,挖掘材料内部结构设计,提高材料的综合性能;另一方面完善先进热加工技术与理论,改善钛基复合材料的加工性,推动轻质高强钛基复合材料在重大装备等领域的应用。     

Al-Mg系自生纤维增强铝基复合材料组织与性能

为解决金属基复合材料中外加增强体与基体间异质界面对材料性能带来的不利影响，提出一种基于粉末冶金技术的原位复合新工艺，并制备出自生金属间化合物纤维增强铝基复合材料。研究结果表明，原位生成的金属间化合物纤维均匀分布在基体中，并平行于材料制备时的挤出方向；原位复合材料的增强效果明显，屈服强度比外加复合材料和基体分别高出28％和95．7％，断裂强度则相应提高了20．6％和88．5％；原位复合材料的强化机制主要是基体和增强体间界面结合良好，既能发挥基体的塑韧性，又能有效发挥自生增强体的强度优势，材料的断裂机制为自生纤维脆性断裂和劈裂。本研究同时表明，此方法工艺简单，成本低廉，且效率高，容易实现产业化。     

自生金属基复合材料的研究进展

综述金属基自生复合材料的熔铸法制备工艺 ,国内、国外相关研究情况 ,应用的最新进展。在分析存在的问题的基础上 ;提出开展“可设计材料”研究的思路。     

Superior Tribological Properties of Particulate Aluminum Matrix Nano Composites

Aluminum is the best metal for producing metal matrix composites which are known as one of the most useful and high-tech composites in our world. Combining aluminum and nano Al₂O₃ particles will yield a material with high mechanical properties. Characterization of tribological properties revealed that the presence of nano particles significantly increased wear resistance of the composite. In case of unreinforced Al alloy, the depth of penetration is governed by the hardness of the specimen surface and applied load. But, in case of Al matrix composite, the depth of penetration of the harder asperities of hardened steel disk is primarily governed by the protruded hard ceramic reinforcement. The hard Al₂O₃ particles act as a protrusion over the matrix, carries a major portion of the applied load and protect the abrasives from penetration into the specimen surface.     

Self-Healing Metals and Metal Matrix Composites

Self-healing in inorganic materials is a relatively new area in materials science and engineering that draws inspiration from biological systems that can self-repair damage. This article reviews the preliminary attempts to impart self-healing behavior to metals. Several challenges yet exist in the development of metallic alloys that can self-repair damage, including surface bonding issues, such as liquid/solid contact angle (wetting) and oxidation, and practical issues, such as capillary pressure for delivery of a liquid metal to a damaged area or crack, and the overall mechanical properties of a composite system. Although the applied research approaches reviewed have obtained marginal success, the development of self-healing metallic systems has the potential to benefit a wide range of industrial applications and thus deserves greater investment in fundamental research.     

金属基复合材料的研究现状与发展

对金属基复合材料的分类、制造方法进行综述,阐述国内外研究现状,提出在重金属复合材料的研究中存在的问题,探讨对重金属基复合材料的研究方向.     

喷射沉积技术在制备金属基复合材料中的研究进展

喷射沉积是一种近年来发展迅速的快速凝固近终成型制备技术。由于其产品性能优异、制备工序简单、成本低等特点,已被大量应用于金属基复合材料的制备。介绍了外加法和原位生成法两类喷射沉积技术的工艺特点及其在制备陶瓷相增强金属基复合材料中的应用,并展望其发展趋势。