星形超支化聚酯的合成及其光固化

星形超支化聚酯的合成及其光固化施文芳（中国科学技术大学应用化学系，合肥２３００２６）关键词星形聚合物，超支化聚酯，光固化，涂层紫外光固化具有快速反应、室温操作、低能消耗和无溶剂少污染等优点，现正以日益增长的速度应用于涂层和粘合剂等领域．然而，常规的线...     

马来酸酐改性超支化聚酯及在紫外光固化涂层中的应用

以马来酸酐改性末端为羟基的超支化聚酯,得到链段中含大量不饱和双键的超支化马来酸酯,分析表征了不同改性度的超支化马来酸酯黏度、热稳定性及Tg的变化。以超支化马来酸酯为预聚物应用于紫外光固化涂层,考察了改性度对光固化膜附着力、冲击强度、柔韧性、硬度及耐溶剂性能的影响。实验表明,超支化马来酸酯是一种低黏度、热稳定性好、Tg易调节的高分子材料。当改性度为80%时,光固化涂层性能最佳,其光固化时间可达3 s,膜附着力为1级,耐冲击强度为4.8 N.m,柔韧性>7 cm,硬度达5H,同时具有优良的耐溶剂性能。     

马来酸酐改性超支化聚酯及其在紫外光固化涂层中的应用

以马来酸酐改性末端为羟基的超支化聚酯,得到链段中含大量不饱和双键的超支化马来酸酯,分析表征了不同改性度的超支化马来酸酯黏度、热稳定性及Tg的变化。以超支化马来酸酯为预聚物应用于紫外光固化涂层,考察了改性度对光固化膜附着力、冲击强度、柔韧性、硬度及耐溶剂性能的影响。实验表明,超支化马来酸酯是一种低黏度、热稳定性好、Tg易调节的高分子材料。当改性度为80%时,光固化涂层性能最佳,其光固化时间可达3s,膜附着力为1级,耐冲击强度为48kgf.cm,柔韧性>7cm,硬度达5H,同时具有优良的耐溶剂性能。     

含氟超支化聚氨酯丙烯酸酯低聚物的制备及其性能研究

采用全氟聚醚(PFPE)、异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)、超支化聚酯(H302)等制备了含氟超支化聚氨酯丙烯酸酯低聚物(HFUA),并通过FTIR(傅里叶红外光谱)表征了其结构。讨论了HFUA改性比例、含氟超支化聚合物用量和主体树脂种类对UV固化涂层的水/油接触角、吸水率、力学性能的影响。     

环氧树脂改性超支化聚酯的合成及性能

以偏苯三酸酐、环氧氯丙烷及甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯为原料合成了超支化聚酯(HBP),再通过超支化聚合物的羧基与环氧树脂环氧基的反应得到环氧改性超支化聚合物;用GPC1、H-NMR、DSC、TGA表征了环氧改性超支化聚合物的结构和热性能;比较了不同环氧树脂用量改性前后树脂的光反应活性以及光固化涂层的耐擦洗性和硬度,测定了凝胶率-曝光时间曲线;以环氧改性超支化聚合物配制了光刻胶,在混合光源以及接触曝光的条件下,分辨率达到2~3μm,且图像十分清晰,断面整齐。环氧树脂用量为HBP羧基物质量的70%左右时,改性的超支化聚酯的光固化活性有明显提高,力学性能得到明显改进。     

杂化型抗菌粒子的制备及其在光固化涂料中的应用

制备了一种兼具光交联和抗菌特性的季铵化巯基二氧化硅杂化粒子,采用红外与拉曼光谱对其结构进行了表征。将该杂化粒子添加到光固化涂料中,对涂膜的光固化过程、涂层基本性能及其抗菌性进行了研究。结果表明:该杂化粒子的加入能够提高涂膜的双键转化率,并赋予涂层优良的抗菌性;涂层的铅笔硬度、耐划伤性以及热稳定性等均有不同程度的提高。     

新型超支化环氧丙烯酸酯的合成及表征

采用质子转移聚合法成功制备了超支化环氧树脂,并通过丙烯酸对其端基进行化学改性合成了一种新型的超支化环氧丙烯酸酯,采用FTIR、1H NMR对产物结构进行了表征。通过控制投料比及测定产物酸值来监测反应进行的程度,使生成的超支化环氧丙烯酸酯中既含有环氧基又含有碳碳双键,使之兼具阳离子型光聚合与自由基型光聚合的协同作用。测试了超支化聚合物在氯仿中的紫外-可见光谱和荧光发射光谱,超支化环氧树脂和超支化环氧丙烯酸酯的荧光发射波谱出峰位置分别为314 nm和311 nm。研究表明,超支化聚合物具有较强的荧光性能,作为光固化材料在光学、医疗器件、防伪等领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

氟聚合物涂料的新进展

本文所用缩写：VDF偏氟乙烯TFE四氟乙烯HFP六氟丙烯CTFE三氟氯乙烯PTFE聚四氟乙烯PVDF聚偏氟乙烯PFEVE全氟烯烃乙烯基醚PFPE全氟聚醚PTFEP聚四氟乙烯丙烯PVF聚氟乙烯对耐久性表面涂层的更高要求，促使含氟涂料不断发展。含氟聚合物具有许多优异的性能，如杰出的室外耐久性（可达30年）、优异的耐化学腐蚀性和低的表面能。目前氟聚合物的重要特性被用于大规模的建筑物和结构的墙面涂层，也用于金属板的卷材涂料。随着含氟聚合物新应用的开发，其新的市场正在不断扩大，如汽车涂料、抗涂写漆、抗腐蚀涂料、使热塑性塑料服务寿…     

含氟超支化聚酯的合成及其性能研究

利用十三氟辛酸对超支化聚酯进行端基改性,得到了含氟超支化聚酯。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热分析仪等对聚合物进行了表征和分析。结果表明:十三氟酸成功接枝到超支化聚酯上,含氟超支化聚酯的玻璃化转变温度为-20.5℃,含氟超支化聚酯溶液在固含量高达70%时仍具有较低的黏度,该聚合物成膜性好,涂膜的附着力为1级,柔韧性为1 mm,铅笔硬度2 H,抗冲击强度4.9 J/cm2,与水的接触角为105°,具有良好的表面疏水性。     

紫外光固化超支化聚合物的研究进展

本文对紫外光固化超支化聚合物的制备方法、改性方法、光固化方式、光固化动力学及应用等方面进行了综述。同时对紫外光固化超支化聚合物的发展趋势进行了展望。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997