磺化产业的现状及发展趋势

综述了磺化类表面活性剂的发展现状,介绍了正在运行的、停产及在建的磺化装置,总结了不同磺化类表面活性剂近年来的产销量及主要的生产厂家,并展望了我国磺化产业的发展趋势。     

国内磺化类绿色表面活性剂的应用与发展

综述了磺化类绿色表面活性剂在中国的应用与发展。介绍了几种来源于可再生资源的生物基磺化类表面活性剂的生物降解性和环境相容性等。为消费者在产品设计和消费倾向等方面提供相关信息。磺化类绿色表面活性剂已成为阴离子表面活性剂未来发展的方向之一。     

我国三氧化硫磺化类表面活性剂的发展现状

介绍了我国三氧化硫磺化技术的发展历史。重点总结了各类三氧化硫磺化/硫酸化类阴离子表面活性剂的生产现状,分析了未来磺化/硫酸化表面活性剂的发展趋势,建议提升传统产品的品质、利用新原料、开发新产品。     

表面活性剂生产过程中的磺化反应及其反应器的作用

阐述表面活性剂生产中的连续磺化法的工艺流程及磺化反应的机理,介绍了几种目前世界上广泛用的磺化反应器,重点分析了磺化降膜反应器的原理、构造及其在表面活性剂生产过程中的作用。     

氨基磺酸型两性表面活性剂的合成及性能分析

文章主要是分析氨基磺酸型两性表面活性剂的合成以及性能。氨基磺酸型两性表面活性剂主要是分成四类。借助脂肪胺的作用,和磺内酯等磺化剂发生烷基化反应,合成氨基磺酸型两性表面活性剂。文章将阐释氨基磺酸型两性表面活性剂的性能,并探究氨基磺酸型两性表面活性剂的研究方向。     

新型蔗糖酯表面活性剂

与一般阴离子型和非离子型表面活性剂相比,蔗糖酯表面活性剂具有无毒、对皮肤和粘膜无刺激等优点。因此,有些国家已将蔗糖酯表面活性剂批准用作食品添加剂。其次,蔗糖酯能快速生物降解,并且有很好的乳化性能。和磺化类、乙氧基化类表面活性剂相比,它不会洗去皮肤上的油脂膜,不改     

表面活性甜菜碱的合成及其应用

一、前言两性表面活性剂按照其阳离子结构可分为:①两性咪唑啉衍生物,②氨基酸类表面性剂,③卵磷脂类表面活性剂,④表面活性甜菜碱。其中表面活性甜菜碱是一类重要的两性表面活性剂。它包括羧基甜菜碱,磺基(磺化)甜菜碱,硫酸基(硫酸酯)甜菜碱等。     

乳状液膜用表面活性剂的合成及其在液膜体系中的稳定性研究

针对磷矿湿法浸取中的分离对象金属镁离子的分离和富集,以丙酰硫酸酯为磺化试剂,合成了磺化聚丁二烯阴离子表面活性剂SBT,并研究了温度、时间以及配比等因素对磺化度的影响。在磺化时间30min,磺化温度130℃,丙酰酐与浓硫酸物质的量比1：1．71的条件下,其磺化度最大为6．82％。在液膜稳定性比较中,表面活性剂SBT明显优于表面活性剂SPAN80和SPAN83。     

用于涂料、油墨及相关产品的有机颜料（续）

研究了专用工业品非离子型表面活性剂在25℃时对未磺化疏水的铜酞菁以及磺化且亲水的铜酞菁粒子表面在水溶液中（水及硝酸钠）之胶体稳定性的影响。该表面活性剂在这二种颜料上的吸收密度,随表面活性剂浓度而增加,并达到临界胶束浓度（CMC）为止,然后达到平衡状态。未磺化粒子的最大吸收密度要比磺化的要高,并推断出疏水链被吸收到表面活性剂的表面上,而亲水的氧乙烯链处于卷曲形态,添加硝酸钠则对此分散体无明显影响。     

十二烷基硫酸钠-磺化蓖麻油复配产生协同作用的条件

十二烷基硫酸钠与磺化蓖麻油复配可以乳化氯化聚丙烯及其马来酸酐接枝物,用以制备环保型氯化聚丙烯水性胶粘剂和涂料。因此,研究十二烷基硫酸钠与磺化蓖麻油产生协同作用的条件具有理论意义。而且十二烷基硫酸钠与磺化蓖麻油都属于阴离子型表面活性剂,有关阴离子表面活性剂与阴离子表面活性剂复配研究得较少。通过用JK99C型表面张力仪测定十二烷基硫酸钠与磺化蓖麻油水溶液的表面张力,确定了它们产生协同作用的条件。     

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Sulfonate Gemini Surfactants

Sulfonated Gemini surfactants are a relatively new class of anion surfactants, composed of 2 or more sulfonated surfactant monomers connected by a spacer at or near the head groups through a covalent bond. In general, the sulfonated Gemini surfactants show better properties compared to conventional anionic surfactants including better surface activity, a lower critical micelle concentration, enhanced detergency, excellent compatibility with other surfactants, and better solubility in high ionic strength systems. This article reviews the synthesis of the sulfonated Gemini surfactants using different raw materials. Based on the existing information in the literature, new ideas are proposed for the synthesis and application of the sulfonated Gemini surfactants.     

常规SO3磺化类表面活性剂现状及发展趋势

介绍了几类常规SO₃磺化类表面活性剂的现状。重点阐述了国内烷基苯磺酸盐(LAS)、脂肪醇醚硫酸盐(AES)、烯基磺酸盐(AOS)和脂肪醇硫酸盐(AS)几类常规磺化产品产销量情况以及发展趋势。     

Synthesis and properties of bis(sodium sulfonated ester) types of cleavable surfactants derived from 1-O-alkylglycerols

Novel sulfonated ester types of cleavable surfactants were easily prepared by acid-catalyzed esterification of 1-O-alkylglycerols with bromocarboxylic acids, followed by the Strecker reaction. These surfactants have good solubility in water. Though this series of cleavable surfactants are divalent in type, they show good micelle formation and the ability to lower surface tension. The solubility of these surfactants in hard water was more than 10 times higher than sodium 1-dodecanesulfonate. They decompose quickly and completely in 0.5 M NaOD. Their biodegradabilities were higher or almost the same as that of sodium 1-dodecanesulfonate.     

Effect of polymeric steric stabilizers on the settling of alumina

The effect of polymeric steric stabilizers on the dispersion stability of alumina was determined by settling experiments. The theoretical settling density was determined for alumina in a 90:10 wt% toluene-ethanol mixed solvent. Polymers evaluated were sulfonated polystyrenes, Shell's functionalized Kraton block polymers (styrene-hydrogenated diene), ICI's polymeric surfactants, homopolystyrene, a nonfunctionalized Kraton block polymer, and two Union Carbide Corporation silwet surfactants. The high-molecular-weight sulfonated polystyrene (60,000) containing a low level of sulfonation, functionalized Kraton block polymers, and one ICI polymeric surfactant were effective in improving the dispersion stability of the alumina. The percent of theoretical settling density for the “good” polymeric steric stabilizers ranged from 45 to 50%. The low-molecular-weight sulfonated polystyrene (10,000 MW), homopolystyrene, unfunctionalized Kraton block polymer, one ICI polymeric surfactant, and the silwet surfactants were ineffective in improving the dispersion stability of the alumina in the mixed solvent. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Synthesis and Performance of a Multi-Purpose Gemini Precursor and the Derivative Alkylaryl Sulfonate Gemini Surfactants

The phenol–formaldehyde condensation reaction to synthesize a gemini precursor was renewed by using high efficient and environmentally benign resin catalysts instead of protonic acids, and the conversion, yield and selectivity of the reaction were all upgraded from the 60 % by the traditional way to over 90 % by the new way. Three alkylaryl sulfonate gemini surfactants were derived from the above gemini precursor by O-methylation, sulfonation and neutralization, that is, sodium salt of sulfonated bis(2-hydroxy-5-nonylphenyl)methane (SBHNM), sodium salt of sulfonated bis(2-hydroxy-5-dodecylphenyl)methane (SBHDM) and sodium salt of sulfonated bis(2-methoxy-5-nonylphenyl)methane (SBMNM). And their performances in aqueous solution were further investigated. The results show that the three gemini surfactants exhibit higher effectiveness and efficiency in surface tension reduction than a monomeric reference surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS). Furthermore their critical micelle concentration values are at least one order of magnitude lower than that of SDBS. It is also shown that O-methylation of the hydroxyl group in the gemini precursor is effective at improving the surface activity of the gemini surfactants, such as efficiency in surface tension reduction, foam stability and calcium stability. It is suggested that the synthesized hydrophobic skeleton could be a multi-purpose gemini precursor from which various gemini surfactants could be derived by further hydrophobic or hydrophilic modification.     

表面活性剂对铸铁防锈性能影响的研究

选用应用广泛的阴离子和非离子表面活性剂,采用铁屑滤纸法研究表面活性剂对铸铁防锈性能的影响,并通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散谱（EDS）观察金属表面形态及元素分布。结果发现,阴离子表面活性剂防锈效果为硫酸酯型优于脂肪醇醚羧酸型和磺酸盐型,太古油防锈效果最好。非离子表面活性剂中酰胺类防锈性能较好,但壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯（E9600）因含有磷酸酯基团,防锈性能优异。     

Soap-based detergent formulations: XXI. Amphoteric derivatives of fatty amides of aminoethylethanolamine1

Amides and 2-alkyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-imidazolines were converted into various types of sulfated or sulfonated amphoteric lime soap dispersants. The alkylimidazolines could be readily hydrolyzed to give amidoamines. The cyclized amphoteric surfactants were generally superior in detergency and lime soap dispersing ability to analogous surfactants derived from amidoamines. Some of the cyclized surfactants, when formulated with soap and silicate builder, washed about as well under the test conditions as a control containing 50% sodium tripolyphosphate.     

羊毛脂琥珀酸酯磺酸盐加脂剂的制备及性能

将等物质的量的羊毛脂和马来酸酐在 6 0℃加热 2 0min ,加入催化剂对甲苯磺酸 ,在 10 0℃反应 3h ,可得到羊毛脂琥珀酸酯。调节pH值至 6～ 7,加入NaHSO3 饱和水溶液 ,反应 1h ,85℃时反应 2h ,最后升温并在减压下除去水分。向产物中加适量的过氧化氢 ,将未反应的亚硫酸氢钠氧化成硫酸钠 ,得羊毛脂琥珀酸酯磺酸盐。将其与氯化石蜡、硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯及非离子表面活性剂复配 ,制得AS结合型加脂剂。透射电镜照片显示加脂剂乳液粒子尺寸为 0 5 μm以下 ,且分布均匀 ,产品具有良好的水分散性、耐酸性、耐盐性及良好的加脂性能