基于ISO9000的软件质量保证模型

软件危机出现了40多年依然未得到根本的解决,究其原因,业界人士已充分认识到缺乏规范有效的软件质量保障技术和手段是一个主要的原因.随着长期社会化生产的发展,全面质量管理已经形成了一整套理论和体系,并出现了一些国际标准和业界标准.旨在针对我国软件产业的现状,提出一个符合我国国情的软件质量保证模型和实现框架.     

CMM 二级SQA 关键过程域与软件过程改进

探讨了CMM二级KPA软件质量保证的实施与软件过程改进,描述了实施SQA过程的职能、SQA过程与软件开发过程的关系和SQA过程实施。在CMM二级中,SQA是唯一评审其他5个KPA的过程域。由于它的这种监督性,软件过程改进的大部分信息源来自SQA KPA,SQA在整个软件过程的改进中起着关键的作用,充当SEPG和项目组之间的桥梁。 关键词：     

Perceptions of software quality: a pilot study

Many software quality initiatives fail because they do not take account of the range of views that people have of quality. New approaches to software quality improvement will not work unless software developers believe in them, no matter how enthusiastic managers may be. This paper reports on a pilot study using the repertory grid technique that found evidence to support these assertions. The study findings justify further work and show that while the repertory grid technique is an appropriate instrument in this area it is resource intensive to apply and may not be practical in a wider study of a representative sample of the IT industry. The paper has practical recommendations for successful introduction of new software quality programmes. These recommendations stress the need for effective communication, leading to a shared understanding of quality, and for realistic goals that recognize the pressure of development schedules.     

Software quality assurance in practice

This paper presents the key findings of a survey of a representative sample of the Australian software industry as to the actual use and application of quality assurance techniques in the development of software. The survey aims to confirm previous survey findings through a management questionnaire and to investigate the software development practices at the screen face through a developer questionnaire. The separate responses are analysed to rate the extent to which quality management practices have penetrated the information systems department. The project commenced in July 1994 and the results of this initial survey support the hypothesis that software quality assurance programmes have not yet penetrated to the systems developers at lower levels of organizations.     

Software quality practices — an empirical study

Concern about the quality of software is widespread. Reliable data about current practice are hard to get as no one likes to admit that they are producing poor software. In a recent survey, Wilson has taken an approach to obtaining data about the practice of software quality assurance among companies in Australia. The same technique has been used here to investigate practice among companies in Europe and America. The survey ams to investigate quality systems used by the organizations, and the application of these systems by software fevelopers. In this paper they are compared with the Australian experience and the results of the survey shown. The company's demographic data and overall response pattern from this survey are compared with Wilson's. Patterns in software quality assurance programs of organizations are suggested by comparing the management's perspective with that of the developers. The most popular software development techniques identified by the developers are prioritized in the order of their popularity by using a weighting scheme and their implications are discussed.     

Software quality assurance in Australia: an update

Three recent events are likely to have a significant impact on the future direction of software quality in Australia: the Kean Report, the redevelopment of Australian standard AS3563 and a review of Government purchasing policy as a result of a change of Commonwealth Government. These events, and their subsequent impacts, could have implications and could provide lessons for the software quality assurance industry internationally. These lessons concern: providing adequate education for purchasers, suppliers and auditors on what ISO9000 is all about; implementing appropriate ISO9000-compliant quality management systems, particularly for small and medium sized enterprises; defining an appropriate role for government; and utilizing effective guidance for adopting ISO9001 to software development.     

CMM二级KPA软件质量保证的一个实施方案

探讨了CMM二级KPA软件质量保证(SQA)的实施方案，阐述了实施SQA过程所需的组织结构、文件体系、过程和资源，着重于过程审核和配置审核等关键活动，描述了软件质量保证过程的实施。     

软件研制的过程质量管理

软件的质量保证措施主要有2个方面：软件研制过程的质量保证和软件产品的质量评估。本文认为软件研制过程的质量管理是软件质量保证的关键,归纳了现阶段国内软件研制中影响软件质量的主要因素,详细分析了这些因素对于软件质量、软件研制及维护成本的影响,论述了软件研制的过程管理与软件质量的关系,结合长期软件研制工作经验,总结了面向软件质量保证的软件研制过程管理措施的主要内容。     

Efficiency of CAMEtools in software quality assurance

Our paper describes the requirements and possibilities of integration of metrics tools in the field of software quality assurance. Tools for the support of the measurement process are herein classified as Computer Assisted Software Measurement and Evaulation Tools (CAMETools). Software measurement regarded as a special type of metrics application provides a great amount of basic information for the evaluation of the software development process or the software product itself. Our paper examines the effectiveness and destination of software measurement in tool-based software development and is based on an analysis of more than 20 CAME tools in the Software Measurement Laboratory at the University of Magdeburg. CAMEtools are useable for the process, product, and resources evaluation in all phases of the software life cycle (including the problem definition) for different development paradigms. The efficiency of CAME tools is described on the basis of a general measurement framework. This framework includes all steps in the software measurement and evaulation process: metrics definition, selection of the evaluation criteria, tool-based modelling and measurement, value presentation and statistical analysis. The framework includes the main aspects of the process evaluation techniques (Capability Maturity Model, ISO 9000-3 etc.) and product evaluation (ISO 9126, etc.). It is not a disjointed set of aspects: our measurement framework represents an incremental technique for the application of quantification of quality aspects in a required quality assurance     

软件研发中的项目质量管理过程研究

重点介绍了软件研发中的项目质量管理知识体系,涉及软件质量计划编制、软件质量保证、软件质量控制等过程。     

从软件质量控制到软件质量保证

本文阐述了在嵌入式系统和在其他执行关键任务的软件中由传统的软件质量控制技术到前涉的质量保证方案的转化：软件在每一个产品和每一个组织中所发挥的作用日益重要。近年来,执行关键任务的应用系统的数量以指数速度增长。这些系统要么失败后损失巨大（空中交换管制系统和其他生命支持产品）。要么纠正费用高（便携式电话和其他用户产品）。为嵌入式系统设计的软件在更多的时候属于“执行关键任务”的范畴,而对嵌入式系统的需求也在继续升温,因此对前涉的质量保证的需求要高于以往任何时候。本文把质量控制到质量保证的转化分为两个阶段：1质量评估（第一阶段）：在开发周期的早期,即在软件到达用户之前,甚至在测试之前识别和排除软件故障,同时提供客观定量的质量评估。2质量保证（第二阶段）：在作更改的时候,通过精确的影响分析,采用强制执行编码标准和防止新错误出现的方法来防止错误进入代码基数。     

论管理信息系统研发中软件质量保证与控制

该文探讨了软件质量和质量治理模型,并根据在一个通用小区物业管理信息系统中的应用实践,研究了管理信息系统开发中软件质量保证与控制。     

军用实时系统开发中质量保证模型

提出项目管理和过程技术相结合的质量保证模型,一方面规范项目管理,对承制单位进行国家军用标准资质认证,建立有效的质量管理体系,对软件开发实施全程质量跟踪管理控制;另一方面不断改进和提高开发过程中所应用的技术、方法,采取迭代开发模式,并在开发过程科学有效地开展需求管理、同行评审、软件测试等一系列的质量保证活动.     

基于问题生命周期的软件问题管理平台——SPMPE

软件整个生命周期中的软件问题管理是各种软件质量保证活动的核心,文中介绍了一个基于问题生命周期的软件问题管理平台———SPMP。文章深入讨论了软件问题的生命周期,指出软件问题的状态控制与变更追踪构成了软件问题管理的基础。然后介绍了该平台的体系结构、关键技术和应用实例,最后给出结论。     

基于过程控制的软件质量保障平台设计

软件过程改进是近年来颇受关注的一个问题领域。本文在分析并提取软件开发过程的典型特征之后,介绍了一个基于过程控制的软件质量保障平台的设计结构。该平台以CMM为指导思想,支持管理者对项目开发进行计划、跟踪、协调、检查、控制等各项管理工作。     

软件质量管理研究的发展

软件质量以及软件质量管理日益成为人们关注的焦点。文章在前人研究的基础上,对目前国际上流行的软件质量管理的理论和方法进行研究,重点讨论了当前较为通用的两种软件质量管理的标准——ISO9000标准和CMM（能力成熟度模型）,并分析二者的相关性和差异性。总结了国内软件质量管理的现状,以及进行软件过程改进所面临的问题。     

The value of a certified quality management system: the perception of internal developers

There is growing interest among internal information technology (IT) departments in implementing a certified quality management system (QMS). This paper examines the forces that have influenced organizations that supply development services to adopt QMS models and explores the relevance of these forces to internal IT developers. The perceptions of internal developers regarding the value of QMS in addressing these forces were studied using a multiple case study involving four organizations. The results suggest that while the reasons given by external developers concern mainly the marketing advantages of adopting a QMS, internal developers envisage the major advantage to be an improvement in the development process.     

软件质量保证中不符合问题的探讨与系统实现

软件质量保证过程主要有审计、评审和处理不符合问题等三项主要活动,其中处理不符合问题是软件质量保证的核心.本文明确了多角色参与处理不符合问题的流程,通过对流程的系统分析,在J2EE的B/S应用架构下,以Struts作为表现层框架、Hibernate作为数据持久层框架,设计实现了一个软件质量审计系统的不符合问题处理部分,并利用了XML和JavaMail等技术.该系统职责明确、通过邮件操作提高工作效率,具有良好的可扩展性、实用性和可维护性.     

A case study to demonstrate the impact of quality design principles when restructuring existing software

The case study is about the System Monitor and Control Facility (SMCF) workstation product developed by a major telecommunications company that has been used to monitor MVS OS mainframe computer systems since 1983. In 1991, mainframe UNIX systems were added to the list of systems supported using software executing on the mainframe side. In 1994, an effort to develop a common interface using TCP/IP and Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) began with a product being developed in the C. The product, which was officially delivered in June of 1994, was coded using structured programming techniques. However, after the product had been in use for some time, maintaining and extending the code for additional functionality and portability was less than desirable.A decision was made by the programmers who support the host-side code to restructure (re-engineer) it such that certain software engineering principles be included into the product to make the product more maintainable and portable. This paper discusses the factors that led to the initial decisions of the designers and programmers, the evaluation of the existing code, and the resulting code with software engineering principles re-engineered into the existing code, and how the incorporation of these principles make maintenance simpler and how they may prevent or minimize defects in the future.     

软件测试和软件质量管理的分析与研究

软件质量是软件的生命,开发人员和用户都十分重视软件的质量问题。因此,软件开发过程必需伴有质量保证活动,而软件测试是最至关重要的质量保证活动。本文首先介绍了软件测试和软件质量保证的概念,以及软件测试的v模型和软件质量度量模型,并从提高软件质量的角度出发,阐述了软件测试的基本方法和如何将软件质量保证环节做得更好,从而真正提高软件质量。