Mutagenic breeding of silver-resistant Acidithiobacillusferrooxidans and exploration of resistant mechanism

The silver-resistant Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans were isolated from 22 acid mine drainage （AMD） samples collected from Dexing Copper Mine and Chengmen Mountain Mine, Jiangxi Province, China. Isolate DX16 is obtained from the sample taken from Dexing Copper Mine and still carries out ferrous ion oxidation when incubated in 9K medium containing silver nitrate （240 mg/L）. While isolate HI, a less resistant strain taken from Yin Mountain Mine, has a tolerate level of only 60 mg/L. Based on 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing, both bacterial 16SrDNA sequences are 100% similar to Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270. Through ultraviolet irradiation induced mutations, isolate mDX16 that is obtained from DX16 carries out ferrous ion oxidation when incubated in 9K medium containing higher concentration of silver nitrate （250 mg/L）. When silver-resistant gene （SilC） analysis is carried out on the two isolates, it is seen that this gene was absent in both.     

浮选药剂对嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸出低品位铜尾矿的影响

以分离于湖北某铜矿的嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌LD-1菌株(At.f LD-1)为研究对象,研究了4种不同碳链长度黄药、丁胺黑药、2号油、11号油单一浮选药剂和由这些药剂组成的5种组合药剂对At.f LD-1菌株生长、氧化活性以及浸出尾矿效率的影响规律。结果表明:单一浮选药剂均会影响At.f LD-1菌的氧化活性,影响程度有所差异,起泡剂对菌种的影响最小,捕收剂的影响较大;5种组合浮选药剂对At.f LD-1菌株生长、氧化活性和浸铜效率的抑制作用从小到大顺序为丁基黄药+丁胺黑药+2号油、异丙基黄药+丁胺黑药+2号油、异戊基黄药+丁胺黑药+2号油、乙基黄药+异戊基黄药+2号油、乙基黄药+丁胺黑药+2号油。     

Bioleaching of anilite by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

In order to characterize the efficiency of copper bioleaching from anilite using pure cultures of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in the absence and presence of ferrous sulphate,the experiments were carried out in shake flasks with or without 4 g/L ferrous sulphate(FeSO_4·7H_2O)at pH 2.0,150 r/min and 35℃.The tests show that Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is unable to attack anilite in iron-free 9K medium.Anilite is rapidly oxidized by bacterial leaching when ferrous sulphate is added.Chemical oxidation o...     

Effect of Cu~(2+)ions on bioleaching of marmatite

The effect of Cu~(2+)ions on bioleaching of marmatite was investigated through shake leaching experiments.The bacteria inoculated are a mixed culture ofAcidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Lepthospirillum ferrooxidans.The results show that zinc is selectively leached,and the addition of appropriate content of Cu~(2+)ions has positive effect on the bioleaching of marmatite.SEM and EDX analyses of the leaching residue reveal that a product layer composed of iron sulfide, element...     

Bioleaching of marmatite in high concentration of iron

Bioleaching of marmatite with a culture of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans in high concentration of iron was studied,the results show that the zine leaching rate of the mixed culture is faster than that of the sole Thiobacillus ferrooxidans,the increasing iron concentration in leaching solution enhances the zine leaching rate.The SEM analysis indicates that the chemical leaching residues is covered with porous solid layer of elemental sulfur,while elemental sulfur is not found in the bacterial leaching residues.The primary role of bacteria in bioleaching of sphalerite is to oxidize the chemical leaching products of ferrous ion and elemental sulfur,thus the indirect mechanism prevails in the bioleaching of marmatite.     

Isolation and identification of moderately thermophilic acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterium and its bioleaching characterization

A moderately thermophilic acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterium ZW-1 was isolated from Dexing mine, Jiangxi Province, China. The morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics, 16S rRNA sequence and bioleaching characterization of strain ZW-1 were studied. The optimum growth temperature is 48 ℃, and the optimum initial pH is 1.9. The strain can grow autotrophically by using ferrous iron or elemental sulfur as sole energy sources. The strain is also able to grow heterotrophically by using peptone and yeast extract powder, but not glucose. The cell density of strain ZW-1 can reach up to 1.02×108 /mL with addition of 0.4 g/L peptone. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparing with the published 16S rRNA sequences of the relative bacteria species. In the phylogenetic tree, strain ZW-1 is closely relative to Sulfobacilus acidophilus with more than 99% sequence similarity. The results of bioleaching experiments indicate that the strain could oxidize Fe2+ efficiently, and the maximum oxidizing rate is 0.295 g/(L·h). It could tolerate high concentration of Fe3+ and Cu2+ (35 g/L and 25 g/L, respectively). After 20 d, 44.6% of copper is extracted from chalcopyrite by using strain ZW-1 as inocula.     

Elective culture of bacteria used in bioleaching on pyrrhotite

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＢｉｏｈｙｄｒｏｍｅｔａｌｌｕｒｇｙｉｓｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｅｄｂｙｌｏｗｃｏｓｔ,ｓｈｏｒｔｆｌｏｗｓｈｅｅｔａｎｄｌｏｗｃｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ .Ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｅｓｃａｌａｔ ｉｎｇｄｅｐｌｅｔｉｏｎｏｆｍｉｎｅｒａｌｓｏｕｒｃｅａｎｄｔｈｅｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｅｎｅｄｍｉｎｄｏｆｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎ ,ｂｉｏｈｙｄｒｏｍｅｔａｌｌｕｒｇｙｐｒｅ ｓｅｎｔｓｍｏｒｅａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｓｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌｍｅｔａｌｌｕｒｇ…     

镁离子浓度对氧化亚铁硫杆菌生长动力学的影响

在氧化亚铁硫杆菌(T.f)培养过程中其他营养物质足量的情况下,通过考察不同初始Mg2+浓度对氧化亚铁硫杆菌(T.f)生长活性的影响,得到在不同Mg2+浓度下细菌的生长曲线。结果表明:T.f对Mg2+具有一定的耐受能力;当培养基中ρ(Mg2+)≤10 g/L时,Mg2+对细菌生长活性影响很小;其ρ(Mg2+)为15 g/L时,Mg2+开始产生延迟效应,抑制细菌生长;ρ(Mg2+)为20 g/L时,细菌生长完全受到抑制。同时利用基于存在非竞争性抑制的Monod方程,建立了T.f在高Mg2+浓度下的生长动力学方程模型,确定在不同条件下细菌生长动力学参数,包括最大比生长速率μmax、Monod常数Km及镁离子抑制常数KI。利用correl系数工具分析细菌比生长速率的实验值和模拟值之间的相关系数为0.973,表明该动力学方程能较好地描述Mg2+浓度对氧化亚铁硫杆菌生长的影响。     

Bioleaching of chalcopyrite by UV-induced mutagenized Acidiphilium cryptum and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

The original strains Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans GF and Acidiphilium cryptum DX1-1 were isolated from the drainage of some caves riched in chalcopyrite in Dexing Mine in Jiangxi Province of China.The optimum temperature and pH for growth were 30℃and 3.5 for Ac.cryptum DX1-1,and 30℃and 2.0 for At.ferrooxidans GF,respectively.For Ac.cryptum DX1-1,the optimum UV radiating time was 60 s and the positive mutation rate was 22.5%.The growth curves show that Ac.cryptum after mutagenesis reached stationary phase ...     

Bioleaching of marmatite flotation concentrate by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirillum f errooxidans

Bioleaching of marmatite flotation concentrate by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans was investigated at 35℃, the initial pH value of 2.0 on an orbital shaker with 160 min^-1 over a period of 10 days. Experimental results indicate that the adapted strains increase markedly the dissolution rate and the leac-hing ratio of marmatite. Pulp density also affects the bioleaching of marmatite. Massive elemental sulfur and jarosite form during the leaching process in the systems inoculating the adapted strains in pure and mixed cultures;and acid product is enhanced, which decreases the pH below to 2.0 in latter leaching period. Marmatite preferentially dis-solves during the bacterial leaching of complex sulfides. Compared with the pure cultures of original and adapted strains, the adapted strains of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans in mixed cultures are more efficient in the oxidation of marmatite.     

黄钾铁矾的生成机理及其对嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌有重要作用的离子的影响(英文)

黄钾铁矾的生成对Sarcheshmeh生物堆浸硫化铜矿有不利影响。实验研究了在嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌存在的情况下,生长介质中Fe(II)的初始浓度、pH及温度影响黄钾铁矾沉淀形成的机理。产生最多Fe(III)沉淀的条件为:硫酸亚铁浓度50 g/L、初始pH 2.2、温度32°C。Fe(III)沉淀的生成影响了对嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌有重要作用的离子的浓度,比如:Fe3+、SO 2?4、K+、PO 3?4、Mg2+。对于Fe3+和K+,他们有相似的模式,这些离子共沉淀而形成黄钾铁矾的组分。在pH高于1.6时,由于PO 3?4与黄钾铁矾共沉淀以及嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌较快的生长速度而导致合PO 3?4的化合物的溶解度急剧降低。在生物堆浸的初期,由于脉石的溶解,Mg2+浓度增大,随后缓慢降低。     

嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌亚铁氧化系统研究进展

嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)是目前研究得最多的浸矿细菌,其能量代谢途径复杂多样。在有氧条件下,A.ferrooxidans以氧化Fe2 、H2或(和)各种还原性硫化物提供能量来生长,在亚铁氧化系统中,A.ferrooxidans的各种菌株氧化亚铁后产生的电子经大致相同的传递途径传递给最终电子受体O2,但是最初电子受体可能有所不同。讨论了A.ferrooxidans亚铁氧化系统中电子顺电势梯度传递的各个电子传递载体的组成,基因结构和特征以及可能的相互作用机制;同时,介绍了A.ferrooxidans生长过程中,少量电子经细胞色素bc1复合体逆电势梯度传递、参与还原力NAD(P)H的生成和CO2固定过程中可能存在的电子传递模式,以及A.ferrooxidans在不同生长基质中生长时rus操纵子的转录调控模式。     

Fe2+对嗜铁钩端螺旋菌L. ferriphilum生长活性的影响

以分离于江西某铜矿的嗜铁钩端螺旋菌（L.ferriphilum YSK）菌株为研究对象,报道不同Fe^2＋浓度对L.ferriphilum生长活性的影响。结果表明,YSK菌株生长最适宜的Fe^2＋浓度约为0.1 mol/L。当初始Fe^2＋浓度为0.4 mol/L时,进入对数生长期前很明显需要一个较长的延迟期,表明该Fe^2＋浓度对细胞的生长产生较强的抑制作用;当初始Fe^2＋浓度为0.6 mol/L时,YSK菌株的生长完全受到抑制。尽管高浓度的Fe^2＋抑制细胞的生长,但受到抑制而不生长繁殖的YSK细胞仍然具有氧化Fe^2＋的能力。     

Isolation,characterization and extraction of mer gene of Hg~(2+) resisting strain D_2

Mercury-resistant strain D2 was isolated from mercury-contaminated soil and investigations on its 16S rDNA sequence,growth,minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of metals,antibiotic susceptibility and mer gene were conducted.The strain D2 can grow in the medium containing 60 mg/L mercury ion.It presents more than 99% identity of 16S rRNA gene with Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and exhibits high MIC values for heavy metals and a large spectrum antibiotics resistance.The mer RT gene sequence was amplified from chr...     

一种用于嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌液氮保藏的新型保护剂的保藏效果(英文)

对一种用于嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌液氮冷藏新型保护剂GP的保藏效果进行研究。依据最大细胞复苏率及最高亚铁氧化活性确定该新型保护剂的最佳使用浓度。结果表明,保护剂的最佳浓度为30%,在此浓度下细胞复苏率达到84.4%,且能在120h内完全氧化培养基中的亚铁,培养6d后菌体浓度达到5.8×107cell/mL。此外,解冻细胞在9K培养基中培养6d后,对活细胞复苏的最佳GP残留浓度为0.6%(体积分数)。在此浓度下,菌株DC完全氧化亚铁需要108h,并且最终菌体浓度为6.8×107cell/mL.因此,GP是一种简单、有效的嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌液氮保藏的冷冻保护剂。     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸矿体系中黄铁矿的电化学行为(英文)

运用循环伏安、稳态极化扫描和交流阻抗等电化学测试方法,研究黄铁矿在氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸矿体系和无菌酸性体系下的电化学氧化机理。结果表明,在无菌和A.ferrooxidans菌存在的条件下,黄铁矿的氧化反应分为两步:第一步是黄铁矿氧化生成元素S;第二步是元素S被氧化生成SO42-。加入A.ferrooxidans后黄铁矿的氧化机理没有发生改变,但是氧化速度加快。随着黄铁矿与A.ferrooxidans作用时间的延长,极化电流密度增加,黄铁矿表面钝化膜溶解的点蚀电位降低。在细菌存在的条件下,电极的阻抗值下降,表明微生物的存在加速了黄铁矿电极的腐蚀作用,有利于黄铁矿的氧化溶解。     

生物法制备聚合硫酸铁及其应用研究

研究生物法制备铁系絮凝剂及其影响因素。以FeSO4·7H2O为原料,利用驯化后的氧化亚铁硫杆菌（T·f）在酸性条件下的催化氧化作用制备生物聚合硫酸铁（PFS）,并确定最佳制备条件。实验表明：在反应液初始pH值1.5、硫酸铵用量0.5g/L、初始Fe2＋浓度45g/L、接种量10%、温度30℃时,在转速为120r/min的恒温水浴摇床中连续培养5～6d、可以制出pH1.5～2.2、盐基度17.5%～22.7%、全铁含量43.87～45.24g/L的产品。实验通过处理3种废水来考察其絮凝性能,结果表明：当PFS投加量一定时,COD去除率可达70%以上,脱色率达90%,Zn2＋去除率达99%,说明PFS是一种絮凝效果优异的水处理剂。     

A new strain Leptospirillum ferriphilum YTW315 for bioleaching of metal sulfides ores

A new strain named YTW315 was isolated from Dexing area using the double-layer culture technique. The morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics of YTW315 were studied. Physiological investigation indicates that the strain YTW315 is a strict (obligate) chemolithoautotroph, metabolizing ferrous iron and pyrite. The optimal growth conditions for the strain are 40 ℃ and pH 1.6. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences shows that the isolate is clustered to Leptospirillum ferriphilum with 99.8% similarity to Leptospirillum ferriphilum strain Fairview and ATCC 49881. The molar fraction of DNA (G+C) of the isolate is 58.1%. The strain can tolerate high concentration of Fe(Ⅲ) and As(V) (500 mmol/L and 50 mmol/L, respectively). Bioleaching experiment indicates that the strain can oxidize Fe(Ⅱ) efficiently, and after 30 d, 44.56% of copper and 95.31% of iron are extracted from chalcopyrite and pyrite, respectively.     

铁闪锌矿的Leptospirillum ferrooxidans菌浸出及电化学性能(英文)

采用纯种L.ferrooxidans菌研究矿浆浓度、pH及外加Fe3+离子对铁闪锌矿生物浸出的影响。结果表明,锌的浸出率随着矿浆浓度的降低而增加。在生物浸出过程中调节pH值到1.6对铁闪锌矿的溶解有促进作用。外加Fe3+离子加速了铁闪锌矿的生物浸出,但当外加Fe3+离子浓度超过2.5g/L时,促进作用变弱。这是因为高浓度的Fe3+离子会对细菌生长产生抑制作用且促进黄钾铁矾的生成。在L.ferrooxidans菌存在条件下,利用电化学测试方法进一步了解有、无外加Fe3+离子时铁闪锌矿的溶解过程。实验数据表明,外加Fe3+离子可以增加腐蚀电流密度,有利于锌的提取。交流阻抗谱表明,添加Fe3+离子后没有改变反应过程的控制步骤。