Comparison Between FT-IR and XPS Characterization of Carbon Fiber Surfaces

Fourier transform infrared internal reflection spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS have been applied to investigate the surface of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers treated by chemical oxidation and electrochemical oxidation. We have found that infrared spectroscopy has comparable sensitivity to XPS and that the amount of the functionality introduced at the fiber surface depends on the oxidation time in the case of chemical oxidation and on the electrolyte used in the case of electrochemical oxidation.     

FT-IR红外光谱法在涂料工业中的应用

涂料作为一种复杂的混合物，给剖析工作带来了困难，而现代FT－IR红外光谱技术的快速发展，使样品分析变得容易多了，本文全系统了在实际工作中接触到的各种各样漆膜，色漆，树脂，助剂和添加剂 的有效鉴定和剖析，阐述了FT－IR红外光谱法在涂料工业应用中的重要性和广泛性。     

TEM,XPS and thermo-mechanical properties of novel sustainable hybrid coatings

This work contributes to the development of a new generation of protective coatings composed of organic–inorganic materials. A silica based hybrid film was used in this work as high performance materials. The silica sol–gel film reveals enhanced thermo-mechanical properties in comparison with the pure polymer film. Herein, we demonstrate the possibility of employing cheap SiO₂ as prospective nano-fillers for hybrid coatings with active thermo-mechanical properties. Organic–inorganic hybrid coatings based on polyimide and silica were synthesized through a simple physical mixing technique. 3,3′,4,4′-Biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), benzene-1,3-diamine (BDA), 3,3′-oxydianiline (ODA) and SiO₂, were used as precursors for the hybrid coatings. These hybrid coatings were deposited via spin coating onto a galvanized iron, aluminum and copper in order to study the adhesive strength. The effects induced by the silica content on the mechanical properties of the coated samples were investigated. The mechanical properties of hybrid composite were found to be enhanced compared to polyimide coating. The main objective was to observe potential improvements in the mechanical and thermal properties of PI–silica hybrid films. Morphology, and structural changes in the composite films were studied as well as adhesion and impact strength and these characteristics were compared with those of unreinforced polyimide films.     

Thermal and XPS studies on polyaniline salts prepared by inverted emulsion polymerization

Conductive polyaniline salts were synthesized by inverted emulsion polymerization method and were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermogravimetry‐mass (TGA‐MS) analysis, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. The various characteristic fragments evolved during the thermal degradation of polyaniline were identified. The weight loss of dopants as well as sodium lauryl sulfate decomposition were identified at different temperatures from TGA‐MS analysis. The kinetic analysis of the thermal decomposition processes of polyaniline in doped state was performed. Broido, Chang, and Friedman methods were used for the evaluation of kinetic parameters in nitrogen atmosphere. High resolution XPS analysis was used to provide a method of differentiating the presence of nitrogen and carbon associated in the different environments in the polyaniline base and doped‐samples. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 499–508, 2006     

傅里叶变换红外光谱技术在聚氨酯行业中的应用进展

介绍了近年来国内外傅里叶红外(FT-IR)光谱技术在聚氨酯生产和研发中的应用进展,涉及到结构表征、氢键作用、反应机理、分子间作用、过程跟踪、附件技术和定量分析7个方面。     

XPS studies of directly fluorinated HDPE: problems and solutions

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) applied to the study of fluorinated polymer surfaces presents several problems related both to peak assignment and to degradation. In this work, we analyse extensively the question of XPS peak assignments in this kind of surfaces. We conclude that in this kind of surfaces using binding energy differences between fluorine and carbon is better than using absolute binding energies. Also a useful relation between fluorine photoelectron energy vs. polymer composition expressed through the atomic ratio fluorine/carbon (F/C) was found. A protocol for data treatment is proposed and applied to a XPS study of the degradation induced by X-ray on high-density polyethylene surfaces modified by direct fluorination. Results obtained for the degradation, namely the atomic ratio F/C obtained by two different methods, combined with angle resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) were used to study the fluorine concentration profile in depth, producing self-consistent results.     

丙烯酸双环戊二烯酯在UV固化反应中的FT-IR研究

用FT-IR对丙烯酸双环戊二烯酯(DCPA)中的丙烯酸双键和脂环双键在UV固化过程中和固化后的化学反应行为进行了研究。研究结果表明,在UV固化过程中丙烯酸双键几乎都反应掉,而脂环双键基本没有参与反应,而在UV固化后,脂环双键发生了加成反应。     

XPS studies of in situ plasma-modified polymer surfaces

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to study the chemical effects of both inert (argon) and reactive (oxygen, nitrogen, and mixed gas) plasma treatments done in situ on a variety of polymer surfaces. Inert gas plasma treatments introduce no new detectable chemical species onto the polymer surface but can induce degradation and rearrangement of the polymer surface. However, plasma treatments with reactive gases create new chemical species which drastically alter the chemical reactivity of the polymer surface. These studies have also shown that the surface population of chemical species formed after plasma treatment is dependent on both the chemical structure of the polymer and the plasma gas. The effects of direct and radiative energy-transfer processes in a plasma have also been studied. Polymers containing certain functional groups were found to be more susceptible to damage via radiative energy transfer. Ageing studies of plasma-modified polymer surfaces exposed to the atmosphere have shown that the ageing process consists of two distinct phases. The initial phase, which occurs rapidly, involves adsorption of atmospheric contaminants and, in some cases, specific chemical reactions. The second phase, which occurs slowly, is due to surface reorganization.     

XPS and SIMS characterization

XPS study V₂O₅–WO₃/TiO₂ mixed oxide catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NO_x carried out by researchers from ten different laboratories shows good reproducibility of the chemical shift results. The binding energies of the corresponding core level spectra allow us to identify the chemical states of main elements as Ti(IV), V(V) and W(VI). No other oxidation states for these elements were observed both for fresh/used and for crushed/monolith samples. Discrepancy in quantitative data can be proposed to arise from the heterogeneity of their composition as a function of depth. This suggestion is confirmed by SIMS data and ion etching experiments which indicate surface location of V₂O₅ phase, as well as impurity ones, with respect to TiO₂ and WO₃ and their redistribution as result of catalyst operation.     

Electrochemical and XPS studies of Ni-based metallic glasses in boiling nitric acid solutions

This work systematically reports the electrochemical properties and surface characteristics of Ni-based metallic glasses in boiling nitric acid solutions. The Ni-based glassy alloys demonstrate high corrosion resistance in boiling 6 N HNO₃ solutions with and without Cr⁶⁺ ions, which may be of great potential for nuclear fuel reprocessing applications. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals that the high corrosion resistance of the alloys is due to the formation of the passive film composed exclusively of Nb⁵⁺ and Ta⁵⁺ cations after immersion in the solution without Cr⁶⁺ ions, and Nb⁵⁺, Ta⁵⁺ and Cr³⁺ cations after immersion in the solution with Cr⁶⁺ ions.     

FT-IR characterization of Al-rich Li-, Na- and Ca-HMS

Starting from a micelle-templated material with Si/Al = 2.5 in the H form, three samples have been obtained by means of partial cationic exchange, with LiCl, NaCl and CaCl₂ alcoholic solutions. Their surface properties have been characterized by means of FT-IR spectroscopy of adsorbed probe molecules, namely CO, CO₂ and methylacetylene. Spectroscopic results showed that, though having a chemical composition close to that of cations exchanged Y zeolites, such materials exhibit different basic properties: in particular, no carbonate formation has been detected upon CO₂ adsorption, ruling out the occurrence of basic oxygens at the surface. These features have been ascribed to the amorphous nature of the walls to be contrasted with the crystalline structure of zeolites.     

红外光谱法鉴别氢化丁腈橡胶和丁腈橡胶

主要讨论了用溶解法和裂解法制样进行红外光谱分析鉴别HNBR与普通NBR的方法。     

FT-IR and TPD studies on support-metal and promoter-metal interaction. Pt and Pd catalysts

New CO absorption bands were observed on promoted Pd and Pt catalysts and were attributed to C and O coordination of CO. The possibility of selective coverage of some metal faces by the promoter is discussed. TPD and FT-IR experiments show that the promoters stabilize an acetyl species upon adsorption of acetaldehyde.     

XPS analysis of fluorinated polyimides

Five different fluorinated polyimides were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Elemental compositions and polyimide stoichiometries as elucidated with XPS are reported. The fluorinated polyimides derived from corresponding poly(amic acid)s were completely imidized after thermal cure at 350°C, giving rise to a single N 1s peak at 400.8 eV. Interestingly, fluorine segregation on the cured polyimide surface was found to be a function of the polyimide backbone stiffness.     

聚氨酯胶黏剂降解行为的在线红外表征

文中采用自制的“在线检测平台”与红外光谱方法相结合技术,进行了聚氨酯胶黏剂的热老化动力学研究,在125～150℃温度范围内聚氨酯胶黏剂的老化降解反应为二级反应,与固化反应有相同的反应级数。分析结果说明,在线FT—IR方法能直接反映高分子材料老化过程中的对应基团的变化,是老化机理研究的直接实验依据。该方法的建立为其他高分子材料老化机理和动力学的研究提供了有效的检测技术和试验装置。     

高温高压合成金刚石的Raman光谱与XPS研究

高温-高压合成金刚石的显微Raman光谱与XPS C1s谱研究表明：铁基与镍基合成金刚石都是品级较高的金刚石，且前者品级更高，更易长大。以铁基与镍基作触媒合成的金刚石表面sp^3碳原子的百分含量分别达到82．4％和75．45%。研究结果进一步启示，在金刚石成核后，除了需要有碳原子的补充外，有效抑制生长界面碳原子sp^3键向sp^2键退化，将会是金刚石能否长大的关键性问题。     

Characterisation of an Egyptian coal by Mossbauer and FT-IR spectroscopy

Six coal samples collected from Maghara Coal Mine, North Sinai, Egypt, at different depths (52-87 m) were characterised by Mossbauer (MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The moisture and ash content and the ultimate analysis are given. The iron minerals were studied by MS. Jarosite (ferric sulphate) and pyrite have been found in the sample taken at 52 m. However, ferrous sulphate and pyrite are present in the other samples. On the other hand, several structural parameters such as H_ar/H_al and H_ar/C_ar were calculated from FT-IR spectra as a function of depth. These parameters give a quantitative determination of the aromaticity, which was found in the range between 0.46 and 0.59, similar to that reported in the literature for subbituminous coals.     

Acidity of heteropoly compounds from XPS measurements

The changes in the partial charges on oxygens in the various heteropoly salts as a result of the acidity differences have been exploited for probing the oxygen 1s and W 4f lines. The gradation of the acidity thus obtained is compared to that of the conventional method.     

XPS studies of the bonding and hydrolysis of di(dioctyl)pyrophosphate ethylene titanate coupling agent on metal surfaces

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), also known as ESCA, was used for the studies of aluminum and steel panels treated with di(dioctyl)pyrophosphate ethylene titanate (a titanate coupling agent commercially known as KR 238S). The bonding of the titanate on aluminum and steel surfaces was investigated by the use of an angle-dependent XPS technique. The XPS studies also demonstrated that the pyrophosphate groups of the titanate molecule underwent hydrolysis when the treated aluminum panel was immersed in water at room temperature.     

TiBCN高温陶瓷的XPS分析

本文采用放电等离子烧结法在1700°C、1800°C及1900°C下制备了TiBCN陶瓷,并采用XPS对所制备的TiBCN材料表面组成及元素存在状态进行了详细的分析研究。实验结果表明,不同温度下,钛(Ti)、硼(B)、碳(C)、氮(N)等各元素的存在形式显著不同。1800°C烧结的TiBCN材料主要由高熔点高硬度的TiB_2、TiN和TiBCN三种晶相构成。