中国及邻区中新生代大型大陆扩张盆地及其造山作用

中国及邻区中新生代大型大陆扩张盆地的特点和性质取决于距离相邻相关大洋的位置。从陆内到中新生代特提斯洋岩和北西太平洋岸,分别发育了陆内、陆缘和边缘盆地,各有３个系列,羽状对称排列,越近洋岸,活动性越强,演化世代越新。发育时期盆地处于扩张状态,属于扩张性大地构造单元,具有造山作用,对于塑造造山带细部形态起决定性作用,成为造山带造形的“砥柱”。中国及邻区中新生代造山作用有３种类型,大陆扩张盆地造山作用、     

中国及邻区中新生代大型大陆扩张盆地及其造山作用（续）

(上接 2 0 0 0年第 4期第 34 3页 )2　扩张作用与造山作用2 .1　关于这类盆地的成因说　　有关我国及邻区中新生代大陆盆地成因说 ,可概括为下列几种主张 :①分为挤压和拉张 2种盆地成因说[1 0～ 1 3] ;②早期挤压后期拉张成盆说[1 4～ 1 7] ;③挤压成盆说[1 8～ 2 3] ;④升降成盆说 ,把中国非海相盆地分为弯曲沉降、热力裂谷 (破裂沉降 )、周边上升和张弛断块 4种成因类型[2～ 4] ;⑤大陆扩张成盆说[2 ,2 5～ 2 9] 。　　目前 ,多数作者认为 ,陆缘盆地和边缘盆地形成于拉张大地构造环境。然而 ,绝大多数作者依然主张陆内盆地挤压成因说。2 …     

断裂分形维数与地壳活动性的关系探讨

计算了不同大地构造单元的断裂构造的分形维数,给出了其分形维数与损伤演化的关系.在此基础上,讨论了断裂尺度分形维数与地壳活动性的关系.利用断裂尺度分布的分形维数值的大小,可以定性判断不同大地构造单元的地壳稳定性.并且定性分析的结果与大地构造分析的结果是完全吻合的.     

Crustobody''s movement and evolution and its relationship with Cu-Au mineralization of Eastern Tianshan, Xinjiang

Eastern Tianshan, a cardinal part of Northern Xinjiang compound continental crustoblock, is located in the east of Tianshan Diwa region. By analysis of regional geological and geophysical data, and by using crustobody theory and researching methods, this region can be divided into three sectors of different crustal structure. During Proterozoic to Eopaleozoic, the spreading and closing of Northern Tianshan Sea, on the foundation of disparate continental basements of each sectors, the transversal heterogeneity of tectonic movement and evolution resulted in the diversity of crustal structure and material formations. The metallogenic evolution indicated that different geotectonic evolution periods had not only different characteristics of mineralization commodity and mineral deposit types, but also the progressive mineralization feature. In Neopaleozoic, the closing of Northern Tianshan Sea from north to south and the difference of transmeridional tectonic deformation and magmation formed in the movement constituted the different metallogenic environment in shallow crust. Furthermore, it brought on the diverse Cu-Au-polymetal mineral deposit types and metallogenetic epoch from north to south and from west to east.     

从中国与东盟诸国外交关系的发展看和谐世界的构建

东盟诸国是中国的友好近邻,中国与东盟诸国有着传统的友好往来。目前,政治关系日益密切,经贸合作深入发展,非传统安全领域的全面合作得到新的拓展。中国对东南亚政策包括政治承诺、经济外交、规则与制度安排。中国外交的目标从构建和谐东南亚正逐步走向构建和谐世界。     

Crustobody’s movement and evolution and its relationship with Cu-Au mineralization of Eastern Tianshan, Xinjiang

Eastern Tianshan, a cardinal part of Northern Xinjiang compound continental crustoblock, is located in the east of Tianshan Diwa region. By analysis of regional geological and geophysical data, and by using crustobody theory and researching methods, this region can be divided into three sectors of different crustal structure. During Proterozoic to Eopaleozoic, the spreading and closing of Northern Tianshan Sea, on the foundation of disparate continental basements of each sectors, the transversal heterogeneity of tectonic movement and evolution resulted in the diversity of crustal structure and material formations. The metallogenic evolution indicated that different geotectonic evolution periods had not only different characteristics of mineralization commodity and mineral deposit types, but also the progressive mineralization feature. In Neopleozoic, the closing of Northern Tianshan Sea from north to south and the difference of transmeridional tectonic deformation and magmation formed in the movement constituted the different metallogenic environment in shallow crust. Furthermore, it brought on the diverse Cu-Au-polymetal mineral deposit types and metallogenetic epoch from north to south and from west to east. Foundation item: Project(2001CB409809) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China; project(20030533012) supported by Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China     

甘肃龙首山成矿带地质构造演化及其对铀成矿的控制作用

龙首山成矿带大地构造演化主要经历了元古代龙首山边缘沉降带形成和发展、古生代边缘沉降带活化隆起和陆缘带局部坳陷、中新生代断块活动等3个构造时期。龙首山成矿带位于华北古陆西南缘,古陆块及其边缘是重要的铀成矿区域。区内铀成矿受区域大地构造演化控制,铀矿化相应地分为3个成矿期,即元古代成矿期、古生代成矿期和中新生代成矿期、与3个成矿期相对应,龙首山成矿带形成了分别与下元古界变质岩。祁连期重熔型花岗岩和中新生代断块升降有关的3个铀矿化成矿系列。龙首山成矿带成矿模式可概括为:下元古界地层预富集→(吕梁期)伟晶状白岗岩体预富集(或祁连期花岗岩类岩石预富集)→(天山期)断裂构造、热液蚀变预富集→(印支期、四川期和喜马拉雅期)脉体叠加工业富集。     

柴达木盆地东部中生代以来构造应力场及构造演化

柴达木盆地具有复杂的构造演化史,周围三大板块对盆地的构造改造、演化有重要的控制作用。基于野外基础地质资料,利用德令哈及周缘地区构造要素测量分析、ASR法地应力测量、构造演化史剖面分析,阐述古、今地应力状态及可能的转变,从动力学机制方面分析柴达木盆地东部构造变形的主导因素,并对中生代以来构造演化过程进行探讨。该构造演化过程分为5个阶段:①晚二叠世—三叠纪抬升剥蚀阶段,受NE—SW向挤压;②早—中侏罗世伸展断陷阶段,受SN向弱拉张形成了一些差异断陷沉降带(如德令哈凹陷等),阿尔金断裂、柴达木盆地东部均发生左旋走滑;③晚侏罗世—白垩纪挤压反转阶段,白垩纪应力场转变为NE—SW向挤压,阿尔金断裂左旋走滑,柴达木盆地东部受挤压应力作用单纯地向祁连山产生推覆;④古近纪挤压断陷-坳陷阶段,受近SN向挤压应力作用,阿尔金断裂强烈右滑,沿NW—SE向的分量可使柴达木盆地东部发生右旋走滑运动;⑤新近纪—第四纪阶段,柴达木盆地遭受强烈挤压,近SN向挤压应力作用在喜山晚期达到最强,奠定了柴达木盆地现今构造格局。     

大陆动力学的物质演化研究方向与思路

大陆动力学是在当代板块构造新的发展基础上提出的重要科学问题和研究领域。它从大陆尺度研究大陆形成演化和动力学机制等基本问题,其核心是把大陆作为一个独立的动力学系统来研究,通过研究大陆形成过程和演化历史等各种基本问题来阐明大陆与整个地球系统的相互作用?这里强调的是把大陆的研究放到演化的视野上来观察和认识。地球最早的物质以及之后的演化都记录在大陆岩石上,因此,大陆的物质演化无疑是解开大陆动力学之谜的基础。在国家自然科学基金委员会-中国科学院学部联合专项基金项目“板块构造与大陆动力学发展战略研究”的支持下,提出了大陆动力学的物质演化研究方向与思路。     

从裂陷期到裂后期被动陆缘盆地构造-热事件

构造-热事件是盆地在发育过程中构造活动与盆地热演化发生相互作用的地质事件。含油气盆地构造-热事件研究对揭示盆地成盆过程及油气生烃、排烃、运移和聚集等具有重要意义。通过研究世界范围内典型被动陆缘盆地裂陷期—裂后期热演化及其热机制,分析对比南海南、北陆缘盆地构造-热模拟研究成果,总结了被动陆缘盆地裂陷期—裂后期热演化的普遍规律及其可能热机制。结果表明:被动陆缘盆地裂陷期热演化与裂陷过程具有良好的相关性,盆地热流随裂陷作用过程逐渐增大,在裂陷末期达到最大值,其动力学机制主要与岩石圈伸展作用有关;裂后期盆地热演化整体为热衰减过程,但受盆地所处构造位置及周围板块构造活动影响,裂后期热衰减变化幅度减缓甚至再次经历加热过程;珠江口盆地深水区现今高热流特征主要与岩石圈强烈减薄和晚中新世以来的东沙运动有关;被动陆缘盆地构造-热事件未来进一步研究应不断尝试建立新的构造-热模型,以构造为导向探究成盆深部动力过程,揭示构造-热机制。     

中国含煤岩系构造变形控制因素探讨

后期构造变形及其变形特征的时空差异是中国含煤岩系赋存状况的一个显著特点．造成这种特殊煤田地质条件的控制因素主要包括地球动力学环境、构造演化进程、深部构造与基底属性、构造应力场作用、煤系和上覆下伏岩性组合等５个方面．     

粤湘两省锡矿斑岩成岩成矿某些问题

粤湘两省燕山期的锡矿斑岩,产在3个地质特征不同的聚集区和两种大地构造环境中,形成两种成因类型,这是中生代太平洋板块俯冲影响强弱不同的结果。其形成具有较晚的演化形成史,可以是锡矿花岗岩体的附属部分或为次火山岩,可与隐爆角砾岩共生,在隆起区和凹陷区均有产出,并受断裂控制,位大断裂一侧附近。斑岩锡矿多由高温气化热浪所成,成矿蚀变以黄玉-石英云英岩化较为常见,围岩成分能影响矿体与蚀变带矿物成分,岩体与矿体有直接或间接的成因关系。     

柴达木盆地及其邻区早—中二叠世构造-岩相古地理格局

通过大量野外观察、分析测试和综合研究,结合覆盖全区不同比例尺的区域地质调查资料,对柴达木盆地及其邻区早—中二叠世构造-岩相古地理格局进行了研究,并探讨了其形成机制。结果表明:柴达木盆地及其邻区中、北部早—中二叠世为陆内盆山-裂谷系统,主体处于伸展构造背景,总体表现为堑垒相间的构造古地理格局; 南部为巴颜喀拉洋盆,早—中二叠世是巴颜喀拉洋盆扩张最为剧烈且规模最大的时期,巴颜喀拉洋盆中洋岛、海山遍布; 早—中二叠世晚期强烈的华力西构造运动使古板块间的相对运动加剧,巴颜喀拉洋盆大洋岩石圈板块向北强烈俯冲,形成东昆仑陆缘岩浆弧及其南部增生带,东昆仑陆缘岩浆弧岩浆活动十分强烈,宗务隆山—西秦岭陆源裂谷盆地进一步发育,形成十分复杂的构造-岩相古地理格局。早—中二叠世是研究区地球动力学机制从强烈扩张到强烈汇聚的转折时期,加强其构造-岩相古地理研究对建立该区地层序列、探讨其地质演化历史以及指导找矿等均具有重要意义。     

Structural evolution and metallogeny of south Xinjiang metallogenic belt, Jiangxi, South China

South Xinjian Cu-Au-Ag Metallogenic Belt is located near the boundary between Jiangnan Terrane and Cathysia Terrane. It has the cathysia type of crystalline basement, and experienced basin opening (rifting) for three times and the basin closing for three times since Proterozoic age. In correspondance with the structural evolution the belt has developed three sets of ore-forming rock series and happened reformed metallization for three times. The emplacement of large deposits has been controlled by the crossing of many different geological factors. Project supported by the Key Program of the 8th Five-Year Plan of China Synopsis of the first author Liu Jishun, professor, born in 1957, received Ph. D degree in 1989, majoring in regional metallogeny and geochemistry. Main published papers: Geochemical evolution of the continental crust and uranium regional metallogenesis in Southeast China; A model of gold metallogenesis during detachment process.     

广西丹池盆地地球化学场演化与成矿

阐述了丹池盆地盖层和基底地层中元素的初始富集。据丹池盆地地球化学场演化史,划分了扬子、加里东、海西、印支四个地球化学域。对海西地球化学域划分为大厂和合山两个地球化学阶、进而划分了罗富、大厂、石炭、合山四个地球化学旋回,12个地球化学相。指出了罗富旋回、大厂旋回、合山旋回的AlSi相、SiAl相、CaSiAl相为丹池盆地成矿带的矿源层。在论述丹池盆地地质构造,地球化学场演化的基础上,指出丹池成矿带的成矿作用是:在长期的地质、地球化学场演化过程中,以地质构造运动为主导,沉积地球化学场,岩浆地球化学场、构造地球化学场三者融为一体,形成特大型工业矿床。     

中国含煤区地质背景与构造变形特征

在大量的煤田地质调查与专题研究基础上,结合区域地质背景分析,对中国5个含煤区聚煤过程的构造控制机理,构造变形特征进行了深入研究。结果表明,中国含煤区分布与中国大陆岩石圈基本格架相似,复杂而有序（规律性）的煤系构造变形受聚煤盆地基底属性、盆缘活动带构造演化历程控制。中国大陆中、新生代不同地球动力学体系的差异性演化是划分煤盆地东西向构造变形区的基础,印支期以前挤压构造作用形成了含煤区南北向构造变形分区,板块或陆块不同构造部位的变形差异形成了相应的变形环带。中国含煤区有3个变形区、7个变形分区、3个分区小区,以及若干个变形环带。     

A new understanding of the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang (TIBET) plateau

The uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau happened in different crustal movements and different time from those of the collision of Asia continent with the allochthonous India crustobody, and the uplift occurred very long after the finish of the collision. According to its temporal evolution, the uplift happened in another active stage of the mantle creep flow after the active stage resulting in the collision and the interruption of the 140Ma’s quiet stage. On the basis of the dynamic analysis, the uplift resulted from the multiple compressing stresses in the reactivation stage after weakening of the colliding stress and the following compressing stress, and after the interruption of the stable stage dominating the vertical movements and represented by formation of the universal Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) ancient platform. It was the production of another stress field existing in another crustobody evolution stage and growth age. In the light of the nature of the orogeny, the uplift was caused by the intracontinental Diwa (geodepression)-type orogeny after converging connection of the Central Asia Crustobody and the India crustbody which immediately became a part of the Asia continent, and hence after the substitution for the colliding stress and the following compressing stress by the platform-type crustal movements. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foudation of China Synopsis of the author Chen Guoda, professor, Academician of Academia Sinica, born in 1912. Major research fields: Geotectonics and Metallogeny. He broached a new tectonic theory in 1956 called Actived or Diwa (Geodepression) region and a new discipline in 1991 called Crustobody Geotectionic Theory.     

基于遥感解译的西昆仑盆山耦合带构造地质特征

通过ETM图像解译，结合区域地质调查资料，对西昆仑造山带及其前陆盆地的大地构造归属问题进行分析研究。西昆仑归属于青藏大陆边缘造山带，构造运动学机制为由南向北剪切逆冲，形成强劲的剪切推覆带，塔里木南缘表现为由北向南俯冲，认为盖孜-库斯拉甫断裂是青藏大陆与塔里木大陆的控制性断裂。     

平面压痕开裂极限临界载荷与开裂角

平面压痕的开裂在材料机械性能的研究、破岩机理的研究中有着广泛的应用。当刚性压头作用在半 平面弹性体的表面时,会产生一个平面压痕,该压痕的两端将出现I 型奇异压应力场,该奇异应力场的应力集中达到一定程度时,即达到临界条件时,该奇异应力场所在的边界将开裂。压痕边界的开裂问题是一个新型的断裂力学问题,通过边界移动的能量释放率的分析定量地给出了平面压痕边界开裂能量释放率数学表征,给出了边界开裂的极限临界载荷和临界开裂角。     

日本冲绳海槽和欧亚板块附加体二维构造应力场的有限元模拟及其构造意义初探

应用有限元方法模拟了日本冲绳海槽和欧亚大陆板块附加体二维构造应力场,并根据库仑-摩尔准则讨论了有限元模型中断裂构造发育与变形,定量化地研究了大陆岩石圈的扩张作用以及菲律宾海板块的俯冲作用对大陆板块边缘构造应力场及其变形作用的影响。数学模拟的结果表明,大陆地壳底部的扩张作用使得冲绳海槽内发育正断层,从而导致冲绳海槽这一弧后盆地的形成。菲律宾海板块的俯冲作用引起欧亚板块附加体中形成逆掩断层。有限单元模拟实验结果与研究区地震震源机制的研究结果是一致的。