超声/紫外强化Fenton法深度处理造纸废水研究

本研究采用超声/紫外强化Fenton法深度处理造纸废水,以COD、BOD去除率为评价指标,研究反应时间、超声功率和频率、紫外强度、H₂O₂和FeSO₄·7H₂O投加量、pH值对处理效果的影响。结果表明,超声/紫外强化Fenton法深度处理造纸废水的最佳处理条件为：反应时间90 min、超声功率160 W,超声频率50 kHz、紫外光强度12 mW/cm²、H₂O₂投加量12 mL/L、FeSO₄·7H₂O投加量500 mg/L、溶液pH值=5,最佳反应条件下造纸废水的COD_Cr和BOD₅去除率分别为74.8%和75.5%。超声/紫外强化Fenton法深度处理造纸废水具有协同效应,其处理效果优于超声+紫外+Fenton法。超声/紫外强化Fenton法深度处理后,造纸废水满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》GB 18918—2002一级A排放标准。     

碳泡沫阴极电-Fenton深度处理造纸废水研究

本研究通过蔗糖发泡-碳化工艺制备了碳泡沫阴极材料并应用于电-Fenton深度处理造纸废水。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对碳泡沫阴极表面形貌和化学结构进行表征。以COD_Cr去除率为评价指标,考察了阴极材料、反应时间、初始pH值、Fe²⁺投加量和电流密度对造纸废水深度处理效果的影响。结果表明,碳泡沫由大量孔洞结构堆叠而成,表面存在含氧官能团。反应时间180 min、pH值3、Fe²⁺投加量0.5 mmol/L、电流密度200 mA/cm²时,以碳泡沫为阴极的电-Fenton深度处理造纸废水的COD_Cr去除率最高,达到88.4%,相比常规碳毡阴极提高了1.3倍。以碳泡沫为阴极的电-Fenton深度处理造纸废水法具有良好的稳定性,10次循环的COD_Cr去除率均超过85%,效率降低率不超过5%。     

煤气化渣基Fe/Cu双活性催化剂的制备及其在制浆造纸废水深度处理中的应用

以煤气化渣酸浸处理制备的碳硅介孔材料为载体,通过碳热还原法制备了Fe/Cu双活性非均相Fenton催化剂,对催化剂的制备工艺进行了优化,以对氯苯酚为模型物探究了其催化H₂O₂去除对氯苯酚及处理制浆造纸废水的效果。结果表明,在煅烧温度900 ℃,浸渍液浓度0.2 mol/L,Fe/Cu物质的量比2∶1的条件下制备的催化剂具有最高的活性,对于对氯苯酚的去除率可达96.8%;在初始pH值=5,H₂O₂投加量16 mmol/L,催化剂投加量1.25 g/L,反应时间120 min的条件下,废水的COD_Cr去除率67.8%,色度去除率97.4%,出水COD_Cr浓度63.13 mg/L。     

三维电极-电Fenton法深度处理造纸废水

采用三维电极-电Fenton法深度处理造纸二级生化出水,以COD_(Cr)去除率为主要考察指标,研究不同因素对废水处理效果的影响,确定最佳处理条件;并对COD_(Cr)降解规律进行了反应动力学分析。结果表明,常温下,初始p H值3、电解电压10 V、通气量5.1 L/min、Fe~(2+)浓度0.6 mmol/L、反应时间60 min时,废水中COD_(Cr)去除率高达90.5%;在最佳实验条件下,三维电极-电Fenton法氧化降解过程符合准一极反应动力学规律。     

石墨烯促进Fenton氧化处理制浆中段废水的研究

以制浆中段废水为研究对象,首先采用正交实验研究了石墨烯促进Fenton氧化的各影响因素间的显著程度,然后通过单因素实验研究了废水pH值、石墨烯加入量以及H₂O₂加入量对废水处理效果的影响。结果表明,石墨烯促进Fenton氧化的各影响因素间的显著程度为废水pH值>石墨烯加入量>H₂O₂加入量>n（Fe²⁺）∶n（H₂O₂）;加入石墨烯后,Fenton反应的最佳pH值由4提高至6;石墨烯最佳加入量为3 mg/L;随着H₂O₂的不断加入,制浆中段废水降解效果先不断升高而后趋于平稳,H₂O₂的最佳加入量为7 mL/L。Fenton反应体系符合一级反应动力学方程,加入石墨烯的Fenton反应速率常数k为0.0632 min-1,比传统Fenton反应速率常数大,表明制浆中段废水的降解速率明显加快。     

响应面法优化O3/H2O2组合工艺处理制浆中段废水的研究

本研究为提高臭氧（O₃）氧化处理制浆中段废水的COD去除率,以广西某造纸厂制浆中段废水为研究对象,采用O₃/H₂O₂组合工艺对其进行高级氧化处理。分别探究了废水初始pH值、O₃用量、H₂O₂用量、反应时间和搅拌速度等影响因素对废水色度和COD去除效果的影响。为提高最优工艺参数的精确度,对O₃/H₂O₂组合工艺参数进行响应面优化法分析。结果表明,在废水初始pH值=8、H₂O₂用量为1.0 mL/L、O₃用量为480 mg/L的工艺条件下,废水色度为85.7倍,色度去除率为99.3%;COD_Cr达208.2 mg/L,COD_Cr去除率为84.5%。     

Fenton氧化对制浆废水中难降解有机污染物的去除效果研究

与传统Fenton氧化法相比流化床Fenton氧化法可以有效降低氧化剂的消耗量,同时可以使COD_Cr的去除效率有所提高。由于制浆废水的复杂特性,Fenton氧化反应存在一定的矿化能力极限,处理后废水很难稳定达标。进一步研究确定了最佳反应条件为：H₂O₂用量为1/2Qth、Fe²⁺与H₂O₂摩尔比为1∶5时,一沉池出水进行氧化处理后COD_Cr由1004 mg/L降至235 mg/L,BOD₅/COD_Cr提高到0.59,并通过AOX值和二氯甲烷萃取物GC-MS分析对比,判断废水可生化性显著提高。在此基础上采用流化床Fenton氧化与废水生物处理组合工艺进行处理,可以满足达标排放要求。     

电絮凝技术在棉浆黑液处理上的应用

分别采用电絮凝法、化学絮凝法和混凝-电絮凝复合工艺对棉浆稀黑液进行处理。结果表明,采用电絮凝法,当初始pH值为9.0、电流密度为150 A/m²、反应时间为90 min时,COD_Cr和色度的去除率分别达到64.0%和88.6%;初始棉浆稀黑液浓度和NaCl浓度对处理效果影响不大。采用化学絮凝法,当初始pH值为6.0、PAC用量为500 mg/L、CPAM用量为3 mg/L时,COD_Cr与色度的去除率分别能达到39.3%和78.2%。采用混凝-电絮凝复合工艺,在初始pH值为9.0、PAC用量为200 mg/L、电流密度为100 A/m²、反应时间为60 min时,COD_Cr和色度的去除率分别为64.4%和91.3%。     

超声波／Fenton试剂法联用技术处理染料废水的研究

通过正交试验确定了超声波条件下Fenton试剂对3种染料废水的最佳处理条件,结果表明:对还原金黄染料废水的最佳处理条件是pH值3,[Fe2 ]=1.5mmol/L,[H2O2]=240mg/L,温度30℃,其色度去除率为98.56%,浊度去除率为99.79%,COD去除率为91.00%;对直接黑染料废水的最佳条件是pH值3,[Fe2 ]=1.5 mmol/L,[H2O2]=300mg/L,温度加℃,其色度去除率为98.41%,浊度去除率为99.42%,COD去除率为89.14%;对还原大紫染料废水的最佳处理条件是pH值5,[Fe2 ]=1.5 mmo/L,[H2O2]=240mg/L,温度40℃,其色度去除率为97.26%,浊度去除率为99.74%,COD去除率为93.07%.     

陶粒填料-Fenton工艺处理造纸废水的研究

本研究采用陶粒填料-Fenton工艺对生化处理后的造纸废水进行深度处理,以COD去除率和色度去除率为考察指标。通过单因素和正交实验得出最佳工艺条件,随后对比了相同反应条件下常规Fenton工艺与陶粒填料-Fenton工艺的处理效果,以及相同COD去除率下2种工艺的加药量。结果表明,陶粒填料-Fenton工艺最佳条件为:初始pH值=4,m(COD)∶m(H_2O_2)=1∶1.5,n(Fe~(2+))∶n(H_2O_2)=3∶5,陶粒填料投加量150 g/L,反应时间30 min。在相同反应条件下,2种工艺对COD_(Cr)去除效果相近,均达70%以上,对色度去除效果明显,去除率高于80%;相同COD去除率下,与常规Fenton工艺相比,陶粒填料-Fenton工艺可节省66.7%的FeSO_4和16.7%的H_2O_2。因此,采用陶粒填料-Fenton工艺深度处理造纸废水可节省试剂加入量从而达到降低成本的目的。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the