蒸发波导环境测量与雷达探测性能分析

舰载微波超视距雷达主要通过大气波导传播效应实现对目标的超视距探测。利用测量的水文气象参数,根据蒸发波导模型预测蒸发波导高度,讨论了中性、稳定以及不稳定条件下的3种蒸发波导剖面。给出了便于蒸发波导环境下使用的修正雷达方程,基于抛物方程模型形成微波超视距雷达的探测性能分析方法。在我国南海海域开展了舰载蒸发波导环境测量及微波雷达探测的对比试验,在超视距预测的性能上理论预测结果与实际探测结果较为一致。分析结果对雷达探测及电子战应用具有重要意义。     

基于目标函数的微波超视距雷达天线高度优化方法

利用海上蒸发波导可以使舰载微波超视距雷达实现远距离低空目标探测,然而大气波导内的超折射和多径传播效应会产生不利于目标检测的雷达盲区。该文提出一种基于目标函数的微波超视距雷达天线高度优化方法,针对形成蒸发波导的海-气界面稳定层结、中性层结和不稳定层结3种情况,利用电波传播数值算法和雷达评估模型仿真分析了蒸发波导内特定区域不同目标函数时的雷达目标检测性能,给出了雷达天线高度优化结果。该文方法可以为微波超视距雷达系统设计、探测性能分析和大气环境自适应技术提供参考。     

海杂波中的超视距雷达探测性能分析

海上大气波导在使微波雷达实现超视距探测的同时,也使海杂波回波信号增强,从而降低雷达的检测分辨性能。利用雷达性能评估模式,仿真计算了雷达在不同发射频率、发射仰角以及天线高度下,典型波导环境中海杂波和目标的回波功率,进行了海杂波干扰下微波超视距雷达的探测性能分析与评估。分析结果表明,在实际工作中选择合适的雷达系统参数,可以有效的降低海杂波的干扰,同时又不容易遗漏较远距离处的目标。     

蒸发波导条件下雷达超视距探测距离研究

首先,对蒸发波导条件下舰载雷达超视距探测距离进行研究,描述了蒸发波导形成机理,以及需要监测的参数.然后,分析了对舰载雷达实现超视距探测的3个条件,给出了舰载雷达作用距离表达式.最后,采用分步傅里叶变换求解抛物方程法对蒸发波导条件下雷达电磁波传播损失进行了仿真分析,并给出了上下边界和初始场的处理方式.仿真结果表明,蒸发波导越高,目标高度越小,发射仰角越低,雷达作用距离越大.     

蒸发波导条件下海上超视距通信距离研究

大气波导的存在对海上电磁波传播产生严重影响,蒸发波导因发生概率、波导高度等特殊性对舰载微波通信装备影响尤为突出。研究了蒸发波导特征及电磁波形成波导传播条件。利用抛物线方程分布傅里叶算法计算蒸发波导条件下电磁波传播损耗,提出了基于蒸发波导条件下海上超视距通信距离估算方法及计算流程。仿真分析不同波导高度电磁波传播损耗,验证了该方法的可行性。仿真结果表明蒸发波导条件下,可实现海上微波超视距通信,能够定量估算有效通信距离,通信距离可达上百公里。研究结论对指导舰载微波频段的通信应用具有重要意义。     

电磁盲区随蒸发波导特征参数的变化特性

受雷达天线的低高度、地球凸起的影响,舰船雷达低角探测的范围非常有限。为了对远距离海上目标探测,扩大该舰船雷达探测范围,利用出现概率较大的蒸发波导实现超视距探测是一种较好的方法。但是,在基于蒸发波导的雷达超视距探测时,也会出现电磁盲区,且电磁盲区受蒸发波导特征参数影响。通过分析蒸发波导特征参数,利用描述大气波导中电磁波传播的射线描迹法对蒸发波导特征参数引起的雷达电磁盲区变化进行了计算和仿真,获得了电磁盲区随蒸发波导特征参数的变化规律,为利用蒸发波导实现雷达超视距探测的工程实际应用奠定了基础。     

舰载超视距雷达发展综述

舰载超视距雷达不仅是探测视距以外的远程海上和低空目标的有效手段，还是对抗反辐射导弹、隐身目标和电子干扰的有利武器。本文描述了舰载超视距雷达的特点以及在现代海战中的作用和优势，介绍了作为舰载远程探测设备的地波超视距雷达和微波超视距雷达的技术发展趋势。     

蒸发波导超视距信道建模及容量估计

为衡量海上蒸发波导环境下的超视距通信系统性能,提出了一种超视距信道建模方法及容量估计方案. 基于蒸发波导折射率模型和抛物方程（parabolic equation, PE）模型研究电波沿海面蒸发波导信道传播的大尺度衰落特性,结合统计性模型研究其小尺度衰落特性,形成基于电磁仿真和统计规律的混合蒸发波导信道模型,并由此推导出系统信道容量的估算方案. 对实际海面传播环境进行电磁建模,计算了蒸发波导环境中的路径损耗分布和多天线系统的信道容量,量化了使用多输入多输出（multiple-input multiple-output, MIMO）技术带来的超视距传播性能提升. 仿真结果表明,在蒸发波导环境中采用MIMO技术能够有效地提升信道容量,实现较好的超视距传播效果. 本文结果对海上超视距通信系统的应用及性能评估具有重要意义.     

电波环境及微波超视距传播

为衡量海上蒸发波导环境下的超视距通信系统性能,提出了一种超视距信道建模方法及容量估计方案. 基于蒸发波导折射率模型和抛物方程（parabolic equation, PE）模型研究电波沿海面蒸发波导信道传播的大尺度衰落特性,结合统计性模型研究其小尺度衰落特性,形成基于电磁仿真和统计规律的混合蒸发波导信道模型,并由此推导出系统信道容量的估算方案. 对实际海面传播环境进行电磁建模,计算了蒸发波导环境中的路径损耗分布和多天线系统的信道容量,量化了使用多输入多输出（multiple-input multiple-output, MIMO）技术带来的超视距传播性能提升. 仿真结果表明,在蒸发波导环境中采用MIMO技术能够有效地提升信道容量,实现较好的超视距传播效果. 本文结果对海上超视距通信系统的应用及性能评估具有重要意义.     

大气波导对舰载及岸基雷达的影响

大气波导是海洋大气环境的一种常见现象,这种现象使电磁波的传播超出了地球曲率的限制,从而使岸基雷达及舰载雷达受到大量的杂波干扰。针对舰载雷达及架设高度较低的岸基雷达,本文分析了大气波导现象对其探测水面及空中目标的影响,并给出了利用大气波导现象实现雷达超视距探测的基本方法。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks