尖晶石型纳米铁氧体的制备与吸波性能

采用柠檬酸盐溶胶凝胶法制得尖晶石型纳米钴镍锰锌铜铁氧体,通过原子吸收光谱仪测定元素组成,XRD、透射电镜、网络分析仪研究矿物组成并研究其颗粒形貌与吸波性能。试验表明:所得产物为尖晶石立方晶系铁氧体;其中铁元素易于被钴取代,形成CoFe2O4;而Mn、Zn、Cu、Ni趋向于互相掺杂形成固溶铁氧体。铁氧体的平均粒径为50nm。采用网络分析仪研究了5~7GHz,9~11GHz,15~18GHz内铁氧体的吸波性能:尖晶石型立方晶系纳米铁氧体具有良好的微波吸收性能;适量提高锰、锌等掺杂元素含量,有助于提高材料的吸波性能。     

活性炭负载Co0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4铁氧体的制备及电磁性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备活性炭负载纳米钴锌铁氧体复合吸波材料研究。以柠檬酸为络合剂制备Co0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4铁氧体溶胶,加入活性炭于溶胶中,经浓缩制得活性炭/钴锌铁氧体凝胶,再经过低温煅烧,制备出形态和结构理想的活性炭负载钴锌铁氧体复合材料;详细地考察烧结温度、煅烧时间及活性炭与铁氧体的配比等工艺参数对复合材料的形态和结构的影响;分别采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能量散射X射线荧光光谱(EDX)对制备出的复合材料进行形貌、结构及组成表征分析。采用波导法在8.2～12.4GHz波段对活性炭负载纳米钴锌铁氧体复合材料进行电磁参数测试分析,结果表明所制备活性炭负载纳米钴锌铁氧体复合材料具有较高的电、磁损耗角正切值,其吸波性能较好。     

镍源对自蔓延高温合成Ni0.35Zn0.65Fe2O4的影响

在空气中（无磁场）和1.3T外磁场下, 采用Fe、Fe₂O₃、ZnO、NaClO₄分别与Ni粉、NiO和NiCO₃进行了自蔓延高温合成Ni_0.35Zn_0.65Fe₂O₄的实验研究, 用红外测温仪测试坯料的燃烧温度, 应用XRD、SEM和VSM分别观察镍源变化对燃烧产物和烧结后样品性能的影响. 结果表明：采用氧化亚镍和镍粉得到的镍锌铁氧体样品无杂相存在, 磁性能较好, 有较低的矫顽力和较大的比饱和磁化强度; 采用碳酸镍自蔓延高温合成的镍锌铁氧体含有杂相, 磁性能也相应较差. 在外磁场下自蔓延高温合成镍锌铁氧体的比饱和磁化强度得到了一定的提高. 镍粉可以取代氧化亚镍作为自蔓延高温合成镍锌铁氧体的镍源.     

CaMoO4:Eu3+纳米荧光粉的尺寸调控及光学性能研究

采用水热法制备了CaMoO₄:Eu³⁺纳米荧光粉.研究了反应温度、反应时间和Eu³⁺掺杂浓度对CaMoO₄:Eu³⁺纳米晶的颗粒尺寸以及光学性能的影响.利用XRD、SEM、FT-IR、UV-Vis和PL对所得样品的相结构、形貌、光学吸收以及发光性能进行了表征.研究结果表明：所合成样品均为四方晶系白钨矿结构的CaMoO₄纳米晶;一方面,随着水热反应温度的降低或者反应时间的缩短,CaMoO₄:Eu³⁺纳米晶都表现出尺寸减小的趋势,荧光强度逐渐减弱,样品的紫外可见光吸收带边发生蓝移;另一方面,随着Eu³⁺掺杂浓度的增加,CaMoO₄:Eu³⁺纳米晶的颗粒尺寸逐渐减小,样品的紫外可见光吸收带边出现红移.同时,在275 nm的光激发下,CaMoO₄:Eu³⁺荧光粉在614 nm处的⁵D₀→⁷F₂跃迁具有最高的荧光强度,观察到红光发射,且发现其荧光猝灭摩尔浓度为6%.     

La掺杂纳米晶Ni-Zn铁氧体的制备及电磁性能

采用高分子凝胶法制备了Ni0.5Zn0.5LaxFe2-xO4（x=0,0.02,0.05和0.08）纳米晶铁氧体.采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）和HP8510网络分析仪分别对其结构、形貌和电磁性能进行了研究.结果表明,当x=0,0.02和0.05时,所得粉体为纯立方晶系尖晶石结构.Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4粉体平均粒径为70nm.随着La离子掺杂量的增加,红外光谱中550cm-1处吸收峰向高波数移动,420cm-1处吸收峰向低波数移动.La离子的掺杂对Ni-Zn铁氧体的电磁性能有一定的影响.在X波段,与Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4铁氧体相比,掺杂La的Ni-Zn铁氧体的tanδm值降低,tanδε值升高.Ni0.5Zn0.5La0.02Fe1.98O4铁氧体的tanδε平均值为0.616.     

三种金属离子掺杂对纳米镍锌铁氧体吸波性能的影响

应用水热法将Co~(2+)、Mn~(2+)和Cu~(2+)掺杂到纳米镍锌铁氧体粉末中,使用XRD、TEM和VNA等手段对其进行表征和分析,研究了掺杂不同金属离子对样品的粒度、形貌、电磁损耗性能以及吸收性能的影响。采用水热法制备纳米钴镍锌铁氧体纯相,以提高Co~(2+)的含量。结果表明:掺杂后纳米镍锌铁氧体颗粒的结构由球形转变为不规则四边形,平均粒径增加到35~60 mn。掺杂Co~(2+)后,晶格常数由0.8352增加到0.8404。掺杂Co~(2+)改变了反射率与频率的关系曲线中吸收峰的位置,增大了吸收器的带宽,提高了材料的低频吸波性能。Mn~(2+)的掺杂比例影响晶格常数的大小,但是纳米晶粒容易团聚,并且没有提高电磁损耗吸波性能反而降低。掺杂Cu~(2+)仍然出现团聚,当掺杂量为0.15(原子分数)时吸波性能较为优异。     

Sol-gel法制备纳米晶镍锌钴铁氧体/二氧化硅复合颗粒的研究

开发了用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米晶镍锌钴复合铁氧体颗粒的技术,并对溶胶-凝胶工艺的影响因素进行了研究探讨.用扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)和X射线衍射(XRD)对样品进行了表征,得到球状分布的纳米晶镍锌钴铁氧体/二氧化硅复合颗粒,并优化了制备工艺.     

化学共沉淀法制备的纳米Ni0.5Zn0.5CexFe2-xO4铁氧体微波吸收特性研究

采用化学共沉淀法制备了纳米Ni0.5Zn0.5CexFe2-xO4(x=0,0.005,0.01,0.015)铁氧体吸波材料,用AV3618型微波矢量网络分析仪测试了样品在8.2～12.5GHz范围内的微波吸收特性,实验结果表明:稀土元素铈的含量影响材料的吸波性能,当x=0.01时, 纳米Ni0.5Zn0.5CexFe2-xO4铁氧体的吸波性能最佳.对于Ni0.5Zn0.5Ce0.01Fe1.99O4铁氧体吸波材料,当涂层厚度为1mm时,在测试频段内有三个吸收峰,在8.8GHz处,其最大吸收衰减量为15.4dB,10 dB以上带宽达3.8GHz,适量掺杂稀土元素铈是提高镍锌铁氧体吸波材料性能的一种有效途径.     

活性炭负载镍锌铁氧体的制备及电磁性能研究

以柠檬酸为络合剂制备镍锌铁氧体溶胶,以活性炭为基体负载Ni-Zn铁氧体,再通过焙烧制备出形态和结构理想的活性炭/镍锌铁氧体复合材料;详细地考察烧结温度、煅烧气氛及活性炭与铁氧体的配比等工艺参数对复合材料的形态和结构的影响;分别采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对制备出的复合材料进行形貌、结构表征分析。采用波导法在8.2~12.4GHz波段对活性炭负载纳米镍锌铁氧体复合材料进行电磁参数测试,结果表明所制备活性炭负载镍锌铁氧体复合材料具有较高的电、磁损耗角正切值,其吸波性能较好。     

镍锌铁氧体的制备及其吸波性能的研究

利用溶胶直接自蔓延反应制备了镍锌铁氧体纳米粉末，采用XRD分析了其结构。以聚乙烯醇为基体（PVA）制备了炭黑，镍锌铁氧体复合材料吸波平板；采用矢量网络分析仪测量了其在2～18GHz频带上的吸波性能。结果表明：具有双层结构的炭黑，镍锌铁氧体复合材料具有较好的吸波效果，试样厚度为3mm；当面层镍锌铁氧体的质量分数为40％，底层炭粉的质量分数为20％时，在8～18GHz的测试频段范围内，复合材料最大吸收峰值为-15．7GHz，优于-6dB的有效带宽为6．4GHz；当底层炭粉的质量分数为15％时，复合材料最大吸收峰值为-13．6GHz，优于-6dB的有效带宽为8．2GHz。     

Synthesis and characterization of magnetic and microwave absorbing properties in polycrystalline cobalt zinc ferrite (Co<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>Zn<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>) composite

In this research work, magnetic and microwave absorption loss and other response characteristics in cobalt zinc ferrite composite has been studied. Cobalt zinc ferrite with the composition of Co_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ was prepared via high energy ball milling followed by sintering. Phase characteristics of the as-prepared sample by using XRD analysis shows evidently that a high crystalline ferrite has been formed with the assists of thermal energy by sintering at 1250 °C which subsequently changes the magnetic properties of the ferrite. A high magnetic permeability and losses was obtained from ferrite with zinc content. Zn substitution into cobalt ferrite has altered the cation distribution between A and B sites in spinel ferrite which contributed to higher magnetic properties. Specifically, Co_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ provides electromagnetic wave absorption characteristics. It was found that cobalt zinc ferrite sample is highly potential for microwave absorber which showed the highest reflection loss (RL) value of ??24.5 dB at 8.6 GHz. This material can potentially minimize EMI interferences in the measured frequency range, and was therefore used as fillers in the prepared composite that is applied for microwave absorbing material.     

Influence of the presence of Fe2+ ion in nickel-zinc ferrite

The presence of small amounts of Fe²⁺ ion in nickel zinc ferrite significantly influences some of its magnetic properties. The lattice parameter increases slightly and the increase Δa is independent ofx. The variation of magnetization with zinc concentration is explained on the basis of the Yafet-Kittel model. Increase in the Néel temperature on Fe²⁺ substitution in Zn _x Ni_1-x Fe₂O₄ is remarkable. This has been explained on the basis of a four sublattice model. Our analysis shows thatJ _AB (d ⁵-d ⁵) interaction is most affected. The influence of Fe²⁺ ions on the relaxation processes in the Mössbauer line shapes of Ni-Zn ferrite is also investigated and is compared with Cu²⁺ doped Ni-Zn ferrite.     

Effect of Ho3+ substitution on the cation distribution,crystal structure and magnetocrystalline anisotropy of nanocrystalline cobalt ferrite

Ho³⁺ ion-substituted nanocrystalline cobalt ferrite materials with the chemical formula CoFe_{2? x} Ho _x O₄ for x?=?0.0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1 have been synthesised by standard citrate precursor method. Crystal structure and phase purity have been studied by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) method by employing Rietveld refinement technique. The distribution of cations between the tetrahedral site (A-site) and octahedral site (B-site) has been estimated by Rietveld analysis. The refinement result shows that Ho³⁺ ion has a strong preference for octahedral sites (B-sites). The lattice constants decrease with the Ho³⁺ concentration up to x?=?0.05. Crystallite size decreases with the Ho³⁺ concentration. The magnetic hysteresis loop measurements have been carried out at room temperature using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) over a field range of ±2?T. The magnetisations in saturation have been analysed by employing the ‘law of approach (LA)’ technique. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant and saturation magnetisation are found to decrease with the Ho³⁺ concentration up to x?=?0.05. The coercivity decreases with the Ho³⁺ concentration. The vibrational modes of the octahedral and tetrahedral metal complex in the sample have been carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The FT-IR spectra of the samples have been analysed in the wave number range of 350–1000?cm^?1. We have observed two prominent absorption bands which are assigned to tetrahedral and octahedral metal complexes. The elemental analysis has been carried out using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) with the help of field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and the results reveal that, elements are as per the stoichiometric ratio in all the samples.     

Splitting and broadening of the emission bands of Y2O3:Eu3+,Nd3+ and its dependence on Nd3+ concentration and annealing temperature

Although Eu³⁺ ion-doped Y₂O₃ has been extensively used as red phosphors, their color rendering needs to be improved for high-quality illumination and displaying. Here, we show that the emission spectra of Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ red phosphors can be broadened by the doping of Nd³⁺ ion so that the color rendering capability of Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ was remarkably enhanced. Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ and Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺,Nd³⁺ colloidal spheres were synthesized by wet chemical procedure and high-temperature treatment. The fluorescence measurement under the 254 and 380 nm ultraviolet excitation indicates that the 612 nm red emission peak of Eu³⁺ can be splitted into two ones by the doping of Nd³⁺ ion, of which the full width at half maximum (FWHM) is broadened from 4.2 nm to 9.6 nm. By varying the concentration of Nd³⁺ ion, it was determined that the optimal doping concentration of Nd³⁺ ion is of 3 mol% for realizing the strongest emission intensity. The further increase of Nd³⁺ ion exceeding 3 mol% would lead to a concentration quenching phenomenon. The analysis based on XRD spectra and the simplified energy diagram suggested that the doped Nd³⁺ ion not only monitored the growth dynamics, but also took an efficient energy transfer and a cross relaxation process to generate intense emission from Eu³⁺ ion in both of C₂ and S₆ sites, instead of preferable one type of Eu³⁺ site (C₂ or S₆) in the Nd³⁺ undoped sample.     

High-frequency magnetic properties of Ni-Zn ferrite nanoparticles synthesized by a low temperature chemical method

Spinel-structured Ni-Zn ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) have been directly synthesized by a low temperature co-precipitation method. The structure and high-frequency magnetic properties of the particles were investigated. The as-prepared Ni-Zn ferrite NPs demonstrate typical soft magnetic properties. The saturation magnetization (M_s), as high as about 60 emu/g, was achieved. The imaginary part μ^' ' of the permeability shows a broad peak in the frequency range 200 MHz~6 GHz, which indicates that the as-prepared Ni-Zn ferrite NPs have a remarkable feature of electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption in the high-frequency range. Hence, resultant Ni-Zn ferrite NPs can be used as efficient microwave absorbers and effective heating mediators for hyperthermia application in cancer therapy.     

Visible light response of Ni2+ and Nb4+ doped-polycristalline TiO2 anodes

The stability of Ni²⁺ ion in n-TiO₂ anodes has been investigated. It was shown that Nb⁴⁺ ions when introduced into the TiO₂ lattice confer a n-character to the corresponding anodes and stabilize simultaneously Ni²⁺. Photocurrent measurements on TiO₂-2% NbO₂-1% NiO anodes have been carried out. A significant photocurrent resulting from the visible light excitation is observed down to 550 nm. These results are discussed on the basis of upwards shift of the 2p orbitals of the O^2? anions surrounding Ni²⁺. They are compared to those obtained for homologous Cr³⁺ anodes.     

原位聚合法制备铁氧体/聚苯胺吸波复合材料的研究进展

电磁污染已成为继空气污染、水污染和噪声污染之后的第四大污染, 吸波材料因其吸收和衰减特性, 可以作为解决电磁污染的有效手段。聚苯胺(PANI)作为一种电阻损耗型吸波材料, 可以满足吸波材料"厚度薄"、"质量轻"的发展理念, 但由于阻抗匹配度差, 吸波性能并不理想。铁氧体作为一类传统的磁损耗型吸波材料, 因其密度较高使其适用范围受到限制。高密度的铁氧体与低密度的聚苯胺复合制备的吸波材料, 不仅可以调整复合材料的密度, 而且还能改善复合材料的阻抗匹配, 提高铁氧体/聚苯胺复合材料的吸波性能。本文首先探讨了聚苯胺以及铁氧体/聚苯胺复合材料的制备方法, 其次阐述了铁氧体/聚苯胺复合材料的吸波机理。然后分别归纳了尖晶石型、磁铅石型、石榴石型铁氧体与聚苯胺制备的复合材料在吸波领域的研究进展。最后指出铁氧体/聚苯胺复合材料应趋向于电磁仿真和多元复合化的方向发展。     

From Magnetite to Cobalt Ferrite

We synthesized Fe_3–x Co _x O₄ (x = 0–1) using the hydrothermal method in order to demonstrate the compositional modulation of magnetite to cobalt ferrite. Our Mössbauer spectroscopy results provided direct evidence for the presence of the Co substitution in the B sublattice, which was found to be accompanied by a systematic increase of the hyperfine magnetic field at these sites. The mechanism we propose relies on the substitution of Fe²⁺ by Co²⁺ in the B sublattice and is supported by the observed dependence of the populations of the (A) and (B) sites on content x of cobalt substitution. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) determinations demonstrated a linear increase in the lattice parameter when going from magnetite to cobalt ferrite. For the particular value x = 0.1, we report that the two sublattices of magnetite become equally populated with Fe. For this particular value of the cobalt content, we obtained a thin film sample by laser ablation deposition and characterized its properties by XRD and conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (CEMS).     

Effects of Co content and annealing temperature on the structure and optical properties of CoxMg1−xAl2O4 nanoparticles

Co_xMg_1−xAl₂O₄ (x = 0–0.8) nanoparticles were synthesized by sol–gel method, and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ²⁷Al solid-state NMR spectroscopy were performed to study the chemical environments of cations in the nanoparticles as a function of cobalt content and annealing temperature. The results show that the crystallite size of the particles is about 20–40 nm. Besides the tetrahedral and octahedral coordinations, the second octahedrally coordinated Al³⁺ ions are observed in the samples. The inversion parameter (two times the fraction of Al³⁺ ions in tetrahedral sites) decreases with the increase of annealing temperature and cobalt content. The fraction of octahedral Mg²⁺ decreases with the increase of Co concentration. The absorption spectra indicate that Co²⁺ ions are located in the tetrahedral sites as well as in the octahedral sites in the nanoparticles. The intensity of the absorption peak corresponding to octahedral Co²⁺ ions (300–500 nm) decreases with increasing annealing temperature.     

Synthesis of single-phase Sr3Co2Fe24O41 Z-type ferrite by polymerizable complex method

Synthesis of single-phase Sr₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ Z-type (Sr₃Co₂Z) ferrite was realized by adopting the polymerizable complex method. Crystal structure of samples has been investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Single-phase Sr₃Co₂Z ferrite was obtained by heating at 1473 K for 5 h in air. Magnetic properties were discussed by measurements of M-H curves with vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Sr₃Co₂Z ferrite prepared by polymerizable complex method showed typical M-H curve of soft ferrite, with a saturation magnetization of 21.5μ_B/formula unit (50.5 emu/g) and a coercive force of 0.014 T at room temperature.