稳定石墨烯胶体分散液的制备与表征

通过氧化还原法合成石墨烯,结合1-萘甲酸的双极性作用防止石墨烯发生自团聚,得到稳定的胶体分散液。通过分析拉曼光谱的特征峰确定了氧化石墨烯的还原程度;利用TEM观察到了单层、双层以及多层的石墨烯。通过测试分散液的zeta电位、粒径以及丁达尔效应,参照胶体的经典稳定理论—DLVO理论,阐述了石墨烯分散液稳定存在的原因和机理,并进一步通过蒸发溶胶合成了自组装无基底的石墨烯薄膜。各项结果表明,利用该法合成的石墨烯分散液具有大量稳定存在的单层石墨烯,是当前石墨烯基微纳器件所需的优良前驱体。为液相化学法制备石墨烯提供了理论支撑,为石墨烯的后续应用开辟了新的途径。     

石墨烯及氧化石墨烯对水泥基材料水化过程及强度的影响

本工作采用超声分散方法将插层剥离法制备的石墨烯pG(Peeling graphene)及传统Hummers法制备的氧化石墨烯hGO(Hummers graphene oxide)制备成纳米片分散液,研究了两种分散液对水泥基材料凝结时间、水化产物微观结构及强度的影响。结果表明：两种纳米片分散液的掺入均能明显缩短水泥的凝结时间,减少水泥石内部的孔隙,使结构致密化,部分CH晶体呈现出由一位点向外发散的多面聚集的结构状态。pG和hGO的加入能加速水泥水化反应速率,未改变水化产物的种类,还可提高水泥基材料的力学性能,尤其是3 d抗折强度提高最为明显。掺pG的试件均比掺hGO的试件强度略高,这为成本低、尺寸可控、可批量生产的石墨烯产品在水泥基材料中的应用提供了广阔的应用前景。     

一步法合成十二烷基苯磺酸钠稳定的石墨烯分散液

采用改进Hummer法用石墨制备了氧化石墨烯（GO）,在十二烷基苯磺酸钠存在的情况下用水合肼还原形成较高浓度的石墨烯分散液。该分散液可以稳定悬浮超过一个月。XRD、UV—vis和Raman光谱分析结果表明,所得到的石墨烯为化学反应形成的还原石墨烯（RGO）;TEM和AFM观察发现单片和多层的石墨烯并存于产物之中,说明该方法能够使RGO均匀分散于水中。     

甲苯二异氰酸酯插层改性氧化石墨烯

采用Hummers法制备了氧化石墨,将过量的甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)加入到氧化石墨的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶液中反应,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电镜(TEM)等对最终产物进行表征。结果表明:该法制备的功能化氧化石墨烯(TDI-GO)表面含有苯环和异氰酸酯(-NCO)基团;由于TDI的插层作用使得GO在12°左右的结晶衍射峰完全消失。将上述TDI-GO分散在不同的溶剂中,发现其在有机溶剂如N,N-二甲基酰胺(DMF)、丙酮(MEK)、二氯甲烷(DCM)中均具有较好的分散性能,不能分散于水中;由于表面含有活性的-NCO基团,该功能化氧化石墨烯可用于制备含其它功能基团石墨烯的载体,也可用于制备石墨烯与聚合物之间有化学键连接的功能性复合材料。     

石墨烯功能化及在改性环氧树脂复合材料应用中的研究进展

石墨烯具有优异的机械性能及导热性能,将其与聚合物结合制成复合材料,是发挥石墨烯优异性能最可行的方法之一.然而,石墨烯在聚合物中分散时易团聚,石墨烯功能化是解决这一问题最常用的方法.基于以上背景,重点介绍了石墨烯与氧化石墨烯的功能化方法,包括共价功能化和非共价功能化.同时,阐述了功能化石墨烯在改性环氧树脂力学性能和导热性...     

氧化石墨烯及其分散方法对水泥基材料微观结构和力学性能的影响研究进展

氧化石墨烯(GO)因其出色的性能在改善水泥基材料微观结构、力学性能上均有很好的应用前景。然而,GO的增强效果很大程度上取决于其在水泥基体中的分散性。总结了近年来GO在水泥基材料中的研究成果,重点综述了GO的分散方式、分散机理以及相应的力学性能改善机理;对比了不同GO分散方式的优缺点,分析了GO分散前后对水泥基材料微观结构和力学性能的影响;提出了目前研究存在的问题,并对未来研究趋势进行展望;旨在为后续GO在水泥基材料中的稳定应用提供参考,以促进制备高效功能化的GO水泥基复合增强材料。     

石墨烯复合材料的结构、制备方法和原理

石墨烯复合材料具有优异的性能和广泛的潜在用途,目前对石墨烯复合材料的性能及应用已有较多的文章进行了详细的综述,但对石墨烯复合材料制备方法的原理却很少进行系统论述。综述了石墨烯复合材料的基本结构、制备方法和原理、制备方式,并对石墨烯表面的功能化改性进行了阐述,最后对各种石墨烯复合材料的制备方法和过程逐一作了介绍,同时对今后石墨烯复合材料制备需要解决的问题作了展望。     

石墨烯的制备方法及其应用特性

近3年来,石墨烯以其独特的结构和优异的性能,在化学、物理和材料学界引起了轰动。引用大量最新的参考文献,介绍了石墨烯的研究现状,通过评述石墨烯的合成、功能化以及近期应用概况,展望了石墨烯的发展前景和研究方向,认为借鉴各种方法的优势,综合运用,可以制备单层、结构完整和高电导率的石墨烯,并进一步将其功能化,拓展其应用领域并已取得较大的进展,这一途径被认为是石墨烯规模化应用的战略起点。     

基于石墨烯电化学传感器的研究进展

石墨烯由于其独特的性质,在生物及化学检测中的应用日益增多,介绍了石墨烯和功能化石墨烯的性质,着重介绍了近几年基于石墨烯材料的电化学传感器的应用,如各种离子传感器、气体传感器和生物传感器的研究进展及在环境监测、医疗诊断、食品安全等方面的应用,并对石墨烯材料在电化学领域的发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。     

高浓度石墨烯水系分散液及其气液界面自组装膜

通过测试石墨烯分散液的吸光度,比较了几种表面活性剂分散石墨烯的能力.结果表明:聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)这种"绿色"、低成本的表面活性剂,具有很好的分散能力.通过提高PVP溶液浓度,可以得到浓度高达～1.3mg/mL的石墨烯分散液,这种高浓度石墨烯分散液可以在气液界面自组装得到石墨烯膜,这种无支撑石墨烯膜具有平整的表面和规则的结构,在很多领域都有良好的潜在应用价值.     

石墨烯均匀分散问题研究进展

具有优良性能的石墨烯常被作为增强体加入基体材料中以改进其性能。研究发现,石墨烯增强复合材料的性质在很大程度上取决于石墨烯在基体中的均匀分散程度。而石墨烯增强体在基体中的均匀分散问题一直是研究的难点,这就限制了石墨烯增强复合材料性能的提升及其开发应用。总结了石墨烯在基体中均匀分散方法的研究进展,并展望了其研究方向及发展趋势。     

Graphene Oxide,Highly Reduced Graphene Oxide,and Graphene: Versatile Building Blocks for Carbon‐Based Materials

Isolated graphene, a nanometer‐thick two‐dimensional analog of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes, has recently sparked great excitement in the scientific community given its excellent mechanical and electronic properties. Particularly attractive is the availability of bulk quantities of graphene as both colloidal dispersions and powders, which enables the facile fabrication of many carbon‐based materials. The fact that such large amounts of graphene are most easily produced via the reduction of graphene oxide—oxygenated graphene sheets covered with epoxy, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups—offers tremendous opportunities for access to functionalized graphene‐based materials. Both graphene oxide and graphene can be processed into a wide variety of novel materials with distinctly different morphological features, where the carbonaceous nanosheets can serve as either the sole component, as in papers and thin films, or as fillers in polymer and/or inorganic nanocomposites. This Review summarizes techniques for preparing such advanced materials via stable graphene oxide, highly reduced graphene oxide, and graphene dispersions in aqueous and organic media. The excellent mechanical and electronic properties of the resulting materials are highlighted with a forward outlook on their applications.     

One-step functionalization of graphene via Diels--Alder reaction for improvement of dispersibility

Good dispersibility of graphene in a medium or matrix is a critical issue in practical applications. In this work, graphene was functionalized using N-(4-hydroxyl phenyl) maleimide (4-HPM) via the Diels–Alder (DA) reaction by a one-step catalyst-free approach. The optimal reaction condition was found to be 90 °C for 12 h using dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent. FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, XPS and EDS proved that 4-HPM moieties were successfully grafted onto the surface of graphene. UV-vis and TGA confirmed that the grafting amount of 4-HPM was 3.75%–3.97% based on the mass of graphene. Functionalized graphene showed excellent dispersion stability when dispersed in common solvents such as ethanol, DMF, water, tetrahydrofuran and p-xylene. Meanwhile, functionalized graphene also exhibited pH sensitivity in aqueous due to the phenolic hydroxyls from the 4-HPM moieties. As a result of good dispersion stability and pH sensitivity, compared with graphene, functionalized graphene had better adsorption capacity for methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution.     

Zwitterionic Conjugated Surfactant Functionalization of Graphene with pH‐Independent Dispersibility: An Efficient Electron Mediator for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Media

The functionalization of graphene has been extensively used as an effective route for modulating the surface property of graphene, and enhancing the dispersion stability of graphene in aqueous solutions via functionalization has been widely investigated to expand its use for various applications across a range of fields. Herein, an effective approach is described for enhancing the dispersibility of graphene in aqueous solutions at different pH levels via non‐covalent zwitterion functionalization. The results show that a surfactant with electron‐deficient carbon atoms in its backbone structure and large π–π interactive area enables strong interactions with graphene, and the zwitterionic side terminal groups of the molecule support the dispersibility of graphene in various pH conditions. Experimental and computational studies confirm that perylene diimide amino N‐oxide (PDI–NO) allows efficient functionalization and pH‐independent dispersion of graphene enabled by hydration repulsion effects induced by PDI–NO. The PDI–NO functionalized graphene is successfully used in the oxygen evolution reaction as an electron mediator for boosting the electrocatalytic activity of a Ru‐based polyoxometalate catalyst in an acidic medium. The proposed strategy is expected to bring significant advances in producing highly dispersible graphene in aqueous medium with pH‐independent stability, thus broadening the application range of graphene.     

水溶性石墨烯及其高导电率薄膜的制备与表征

石墨烯表面不含含氧基团, 这导致石墨烯在水中很难分散. 制备具有水溶性的石墨烯是一个研究焦点. 本研究采用氧化石墨低温真空膨胀的方法, 通过调控氧化石墨烯的含氧基团数目, 制备具有水溶解性的石墨烯材料. AFM测试表明所制备的水溶性石墨烯的最小片层厚度约为1.7 nm, 尺寸为1.0 μm. 分散实验结果表明; 所制备的石墨烯在不添加任何表面活性剂的中性水溶液情况下可以稳定分散, 其浓度为0.07 mg/mL; 此外, 电性能测试表明: 石墨烯薄膜材料的导电率可高达1000 S/m, 比通过非共价键石墨烯制备的薄膜导电率要高.     

表面活性剂对高浓度石墨烯水分散液制备的影响

分别选取阴离子型、阳离子型和非离子型3种类型表面活性剂,通过紫外可见光谱研究表面活性剂结构和浓度对高压均质-液相剥离法制备的石墨烯水分散液浓度的影响。通过高分辨透射电镜和激光粒度仪对所制备的石墨烯的品质进行分析。结果表明:长的疏水链段、双键和苯环官能团是促进表面活性剂作用发挥的关键结构,表面活性剂最优浓度略高于其临界胶束浓度。在测试范围内,Tween80效果最佳,其最佳作用浓度为0.012mmol·L^-1,所得石墨烯水分散液浓度为564.3mg·L^-1。表面活性剂的结构和浓度对石墨烯的品质无明显影响。     

纳米石墨烯复合材料的制备及应用研究进展

石墨烯作为一种由单原子紧密堆积成的二维蜂窝状晶格结构碳材料,具有许多特殊的物理化学性质,使其在各个领域均表现出良好的应用前景。目前石墨烯及纳米石墨烯复合材料的制备和应用已成为材料界研究的重点和热点。在简要介绍石墨烯的结构和性质的基础上,介绍了石墨烯的4种制备方法——机械剥离法、化学气相沉积法、化学剥离法和化学合成法。总结了纳米石墨烯/聚合物复合材料以及纳米无机/石墨烯复合材料的制备及应用,并重点讨论了纳米石墨烯复合材料在生物医药、电子器件、微波吸收、传感器以及电极材料等方面独特的应用优势,展望了纳米石墨烯复合材料的发展前景及研究方向。     

石墨烯及其衍生物掺配水泥基材料研究进展

石墨烯及其衍生物因其独特的结构及优异的性能在改善基水泥材料的抗拉强度、韧性、耐久性及赋予水泥基材料功能性等方面表现出良好的应用前景.本文简述了石墨烯、氧化石墨烯(GO)的结构特点及性能,归纳了各自的制备方法;对石墨烯及其衍生物在水泥基材料中的分散进行了综述;重点综述了石墨烯及其衍生物掺配水泥基材料的力学性能、流变性能、...     

Graphene: Piecing it together

Graphene has a multitude of striking properties that make it an exceedingly attractive material for various applications, many of which will emerge over the next decade. However, one of the most promising applications lie in exploiting its peculiar electronic properties which are governed by its electrons obeying a linear dispersion relation. This leads to the observation of half integer quantum hall effect and the absence of localization. The latter is attractive for graphene-based field effect transistors. However, if graphene is to be the material for future electronics, then significant hurdles need to be surmounted, namely, it needs to be mass produced in an economically viable manner and be of high crystalline quality with no or virtually no defects or grains boundaries. Moreover, it will need to be processable with atomic precision. Hence, the future of graphene as a material for electronic based devices will depend heavily on our ability to piece graphene together as a single crystal and define its edges with atomic precision. In this progress report, the properties of graphene that make it so attractive as a material for electronics is introduced to the reader. The focus then centers on current synthesis strategies for graphene and their weaknesses in terms of electronics applications are highlighted.     

石墨烯/氧化石墨烯-聚乳酸的制备与表征

通过优化Hummers法制备了氧化石墨烯,并用水合肼还原法制备了石墨烯,且对自制的石墨烯和氧化石墨烯进行了测试及分析;然后通过溶液插层法制得纳米级聚乳酸/石墨烯和聚乳酸/氧化石墨烯复合材料,并对其分散性、热学性能以及力学性能进行了分析。对石墨烯和氧化石墨烯的表征结果说明,水合肼可以还原氧化石墨,所制备的石墨烯纯度较高。对聚乳酸/石墨烯和聚乳酸/氧化石墨烯复合材料的性能分析结果表明,在聚乳酸的结晶度、结晶速率和对聚乳酸的结晶成核上,石墨烯比氧化石墨烯具有更优异的表现,但在热稳定性能方面,氧化石墨烯比石墨烯优异;在力学性能方面,有增强和降低两种影响,添加少量氧化石墨烯时聚乳酸的力学性能降低,而含质量分数为0.5%的石墨烯复合材料在拉伸实验和冲击实验中的增强效果较为明显。