基于紧耦合结构的宽带基站天线设计

随着5G移动通信频段的公布,传统基站天线已不足以覆盖其工作频段。文章以紧耦合阵列天线理论为基础,提出了一种基于紧耦合结构的交叉偶极子宽带基站天线。该天线由两对正交的领结状偶极子天线构成,通过两对交叉偶极子之间的耦合效应,有效地展宽了天线的阻抗带宽。同时,通过在天线和金属反射板之间加载电阻型频率选择表面,吸收由反射板引入的谐振反射波,改善天线高频端辐射性能。仿真及测试结果表明:该天线在1.7-3.6 GHz 频率范围内,可以满足基站天线的设计指标,两端口驻波比均小于1.5,两端口之间隔离度大于55 dB,半功率波束宽度满足65°±5°范围,且整个频段内增益均大于8.5 dBi。     

一种倾斜波束双极化天线

提出了一种具有倾斜波束辐射特性的新型双极化天线。该双极化天线由两个正交的纺锤形偶极子 组成,根据准八木天线原理,在偶极子两侧加载寄生振子作为反射器和引向器,用以实现倾斜波束辐射。这种纺锤 形偶极子可以增加电流长度从而减小天线的整体尺寸。同时在每个偶极子贴片上蚀刻两个梯形槽,以实现良好的 阻抗匹配。另外,通过连接到同轴线的金属短截线对纺锤形偶极子进行激励,简化了天线馈电结构。测试结果表 明,天线的阻抗带宽为3. 36~3. 69 GHz(S11 <-10 dB),两个极化端口之间的隔离度大于16 dB,波束倾斜度为30°,波 瓣宽度约为85°,可适用于单侧大角度扫描阵列。     

新型超宽带双极化电磁偶极子天线

设计了一款新型的超宽带双极化电磁偶极子天线。采用阶梯型馈电结构代替传统电磁偶极子的Γ形馈电结构,半椭圆电偶极子代替传统矩形电偶极子,从而获得了更宽的阻抗带宽。对该天线加工制作了天线样品并进行了测试,仿真和测试吻合良好。该天线的2个极化馈电端口阻抗带宽(驻波比SWR<2)分别达到90.8%(2.06~5.37 GHz)和84.4%(2.08~5.12 GHz);并在整个工作频段范围内,该天线呈现良好的定向辐射特性和稳定增益,2个馈电端口增益分别为(8.6±0.8) dBi和(8.85±0.85) dBi。     

一种宽带高低仰角增益的卫星导航终端天线

研究了一种宽频带高低仰角增益的卫星导航终端天线。天线由两对交叉偶极子天线臂、馈电网络和栅栏状反射腔组成;两对交叉偶极子臂分别位于水平面上和垂直面上,形成对上半空间各仰角方向上增益的有效贡献;馈电网络实现交叉偶极子馈电相位相差90°,满足天线的圆极化辐射;栅栏状反射腔实现天线的定向辐射和辅助调整天线的带宽和低仰角增益。分析了典型参数变化对天线性能的影响,测试结果表明,天线|S11 |≤-10 dB 的阻抗带宽1.330~1.810 GHz、轴比小于3 dB 带宽为1.54~1.66 GHz 和在1.561 GHz、1.575 GHz、1.602 GHz 频点10°低仰角最大增益分别为0.35 dBi、0.21 dBi、0.1 dBi。该天线具有高低仰角增益,尺寸小,频带宽的特点。     

一种小型宽带双极化5G基站天线

设计了一种适用于2G/3G/4G/5G移动通信的小型宽带±45°双极化基站天线。该天线由2对偶极子辐射片、2条微带馈线和1块反射板组成,辐射臂和微带馈线采用双面印刷工艺印刷在0.8 mm厚的FR4板,并固定放置于开有圆形槽的反射板上。对天线实物进行加工测试,测试结果表明,端口1工作频段为1.82～3.60 GHz,端口2工作频段为1.64～3.41 GHz;工作频段内,反射系数小于-10 dB,端口隔离度优于18 dB;交叉极化比在视轴方向大于17 dB,±60°方向大于15 dB;半功率波束65°左右,前后比优于18 dB,测试和仿真结果较吻合。所设计天线带宽宽,尺寸小,且制作工艺简单,成本低廉,适合批量生产,应用于5G移动通信基站中。     

一种紧凑型双极化电磁偶极子天线设计

文章提出了一种紧凑型双极化电磁偶极子天线。通过改变天线平面偶极子辐射表面的形状,延长表面辐射电流路径,从而实现了天线的小型化。利用两个线性渐变的Γ型馈线对天线进行耦合馈电,可以有效地展宽天线的阻抗带宽。实测结果表明,天线在1.63~2.78 GHz频带内回波损耗小于–15 dB,天线端口隔离度在对应频带内低于–25 dB,并且获得了稳定的增益。所设计天线具有良好的单向辐射特性。与传统天线相比具有结构简单、紧凑、尺寸小等特点,能够应用于无线通信系统中,也可以作为基站天线的一个单元来使用。     

一种适用于LTE和Sub-6 GHz频段的宽带双极化基站天线

提出了一种适用于LTE和Sub-6 GHz频段的紧凑型双极化基站天线辐射单元,辐射振子臂采用1.2 mm板厚的FR4基板双层印制工艺。利用在双极化辐射单元上方加载寄生单元的方式来扩展天线工作频带。实物测试结果显示天线工作频段可连续覆盖LTE(1.8 GHz^2.7 GHz)和5G的Sub-6 GHz频段(3.3 GHz^3.7 GHz),带内电压驻波比小于1.8,隔离度大于20 dB。天线最高增益为9.42 dBi,半功率波束宽度为60°±9°。测试和仿真结果吻合较好。可应用于4G和5G移动通信基站。     

一种水平全向平面偶极子阵列天线

基于偶极子组阵结构,设计了一种具有水平全向辐射方向图和水平极化特性的平面天线。该天线由3只偶极子天线组成,每只振子弯折30°并上下交错印刷在PCB板的表面上,构成正六边形环,环的直径为0.45λ0(λ0为中心频率处的自由空间波长)。3只偶极子天线均采用SMA接头直接顶馈,从而省略了偶极子天线的馈电巴伦。通过优化偶极子天线振子长度和间距等结构参数,以及控制馈电相位,实现水平全向辐射。设计和加工制作了一只工作频率为2.45 GHz的天线样品,测试与仿真结果吻合良好,其|S11|≤10 dB的相对阻抗带宽为12.94%(2.367~2.684 GHz),水平全向增益约为1.42 dBi,不圆度小于±0.7 dB。     

天线的交叉极化比

极化分集技术的应用,对移动通信基站双极化天线提出了交叉极化比的要求。借助Friis传输公式、Jones矢量和极化匹配因子,分析了天线的交叉极化比,给出了计算任意线极化天线交叉极化比的通用公式。计算表明,&#177;45&#176;双极化天线在两个主平面中偏离法线方向60&#176;处,交叉极化比的理论值仅9.542 dB,无法满足＂不小于10 dB＂的要求。     

一种通用型宽带天线单元与阵列

设计了一种结构紧凑通用性强的宽频带、高增益、双极化天线单元与阵列,采用开放式可扩展模块化的设计方 法,提出以16单元为子阵可扩展的64单元双极化阵列天线。仿真及实测结果表明,天线相对带宽为39％(VSWR<1.5),频段范围为 3.5ＧＨｚ~5.2ＧＨｚ,单元方向图旋转对称,中心频率增益为8.8ｄＢ,64单元天线阵列的中心频率增益可高达 26.8ｄＢ,该仿真和设计结果可为射电天文阵列馈源以及第5代移动通信系统基站天线设计提供参考。     

Broadband multimode antenna and its array for wireless communication base stations

A wideband dual‐polarized antenna coupling cross resonator is proposed for LTE700/GSM850/GSM900 base stations. An additional resonance is introduced to obtain strong coupling between the dipole and resonator. Moreover, the input impedance of the proposed antenna is steadily close to 50 Ω, which results in better impedance matching. Therefore, a wide bandwidth can be achieved with multiresonance. A prototype is fabricated to verify the proposed design. The measured results show that the antenna has a fractional bandwidth of 35.7% from 690 MHz to 990 MHz for |S₁₁| < ?15 dB. Stable radiation patterns as well as gain are also obtained over the entire operating band. Moreover, a five‐element antenna array with an electrical downtilt of 0° to 14° is developed for modern base station applications. Measurement shows that a wide impedance bandwidth of 34.7% (690 MHz to 980 MHz), stable HPBW (3‐dB beamwidth) of 65 ± 5°, and high gain of 13.8 ± 0.6 dBi are achieved with electrical downtilts of 0°, 7°, and 14°.     

一种应用于LTE和5G中频段的宽带双极化基站天线

设计了一款适用于LTE和5G中频段的宽带双极化微基站天线.该天线主要由四部分组成:主辐射器,馈电巴伦结构,反射面和方形寄生贴片.其中辐射面上的圆形连接条产生多个电流路径,并引入额外的谐振点实现了阻抗匹配,同时方形寄生贴片有效扩展了高频段的带宽.实测结果表明,该天线具有50％(2.2～3.65 GHz)的阻抗带宽,反射系...     

Low-cost X-polarised broadband PCS antenna with lowcross-polarisation level

A broadband personal communication system (PCS) antenna concept, based on a low cost stacked patch approach is presented. The manufactured single element shows an insertion loss bandwidth (-14 dB) of 15.9% and is dedicated to the established PCS 1800 system including the DECT frequencies. The base station array antenna, a 1×8 element column array, is fabricated using dual ±45° polarised single elements. Within the 13.9% bandwidth of the array (-14 dB) the measured level of cross-polarisation is below -16.5 dB over all angles in both principal planes     

宽带基站天线中反射板对方向图影响的性能分析

采用基于有限元法的数值仿真方法对五单元线阵进行了分析,计算了几种常用的反射板对天线方位面波瓣宽度及前后比的影响,总结了反射板对辐射方向图影响的规律。最后利用得出的结论设计了一款3G频段宽带双极化基站天线,并给出了方向图实测结果,结果与理论值吻合较好。     

宽波束±45°双线极化偶极子天线阵列设计

针对宽波束天线在移动通信中的应用,实现偶极子阵列天线的宽角域扫描覆盖,设计了一款宽波束天线单元以及1×16相控线阵。采用正交对称振子结构实现±45°方向辐射,振子采用椭圆环结构实现了宽阻抗带宽和宽波束,通过加载梯形结构降低了频段和实现小型化。实测结果表明,天线单元在6.425～7.125 GHz的频带内电压驻波比小于1.3,具有38.8%的相对阻抗带宽,在工作频带内其端口隔离度优于28 dB,3 dB波束宽度在频带内均大于126°,能够很好满足现阶段对阵列天线小型化、宽频带以及宽角域扫描的要求,在移动基站等领域有广阔的应用前景。     

A Pentagonal Shaped Microstrip Planar Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for Ultrawideband Applications

A new compact pentagonal microstrip patch antenna with slotted ground plane structure, developed for use in ultrawideband applications, is studied in this article. The proposed antenna is mainly constituted by a pentagonal shaped patch antenna, a defected ground plane structure, two stubs, and four slots to improve the bandwidth. The designed antenna has an overall dimension of 30?×?17.59?×?1.6 mm³, for WIMAX/WLAN/WiFi/HIPERLAN-2 /Bluetooth/LTE/5G applications with a very large bandwidth starting from 2.66 to 10.82 GHz (S₁₁?<???6 dB). A parametric study of the ground plane structure was carried out to find the final and the optimal UWB antenna, and to confirm that the antenna has good performance and broader bandwidth. The proposed antenna prototype has been fabricated. The measured results indicate that the antenna has a good impedance matching. The antenna has an electrically small dimension with a good gain, a notable efficiency, and a wide impedance bandwidth, which makes this antenna an excellent candidate for ultrawideband wireless communication, microwave imaging, radar applications, and the major part of the mobile phone frequencies as well.

     

A dual polarized antenna on a novel broadband multilayer Artificial Magnetic Conductor backed surface for LTE/CDMA/GSM base station applications

The paper presents a low profile dual polarized dipole antenna topology backed by a novel broadband multilayer Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) based reflecting surface. The antenna consists of a pair of square loop shaped dipoles with T-shaped feed structures arranged orthogonally to provide dual slant polarizations at ±45°. The antenna structure is backed by a novel multilayered AMC structure consisting of stacked square patches with via connected at middle and an air filled ground plane at the bottom. Experimental results show that the proposed antenna operates from 700 to 1000 MHz with bandwidth of 35% and an average gain of 8.5 dBi over the bandwidth. The Simulated and measured results of the antenna structure indicate the antenna to be suitable for interoperable Long Term Evolution (LTE), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Global System for mobile communications (GSM) applications.