高效液相色谱法检测苦瓜啤酒中的苦瓜皂苷

建立了高效液相色谱法对苦瓜啤酒中功效成分--苦瓜皂苷检测的方法。以70%乙醇超声辅助提取苦瓜皂苷,大孔树脂纯化,得苦瓜皂苷纯品。以自制的苦瓜皂苷为标准品与苦瓜啤酒中的苦瓜皂苷进行比较,用ODS-3柱,在205nm下,乙腈和水(55:45,V/V)为流动相,流速1.0ml/min,经反相液相色谱分析,以保留时间定性、峰面积定量。结果得出苦瓜啤酒中苦瓜皂苷的总含量为22.16μg/ml,相对标准偏差<4%,回收率在97.53%～100.32%之间。此方法重现性好且操作简单,是比较理想的检测方法。     

茶啤的开发研制

以苦丁茶和麦芽、大米为原料，经酵母菌发酵酿造茶啤，采用苦丁茶浸提液加麦汁，以常规啤酒生产工艺生产，最佳配方为苦丁茶：麦汁＝1：40，苦丁茶的浸提温度以80－90℃最佳，浸提时间30min为好。所得茶啤具有苦丁茶特有的清香和苦味，又保持了啤酒固有的风格。     

啤酒苦味与啤酒花苦味物质

该文综述了啤酒花中影响啤酒苦味品质主要成分的苦味特征,并从苦味物质结构的差异探究其与苦味强度之间的关联,同时总结了其他影响啤酒苦味特征的因素。基于已有报道,可初步概括为啤酒花中的苦味成分均含有带异戊烯基侧链的间苯三酚类六元环中心结构,当六元环结构反应形成五元环的中心结构时,化合物苦味强度与其原有的六元环结构有关;异戊烯基侧链上羟基的增加会使苦味减弱,并在一定程度上增强涩感;与环直接相连的侧链结构中的碳碳双键会提高化合物的苦味强度。     

Perception of Beer Flavour Associates with Thermal Taster Status

Beer flavour, and thus much of the consumer experience of beer, is determined by the sensations elicited when it is taken into the mouth. Thus, individual differences in the perception of these oral sensations may contribute to the variation in consumer behaviour. A new taste phenotype shown to associate with the intensity of oral sensations elicited by simple solutions is thermal taster status (TTS). Thermal tasters (TTs) perceive ‘phantom’ tastes with thermal stimulation of the tongue, while thermal non‐tasters (TnTs) do not. Here, we investigate the effect of TTS on the perceived intensity of bitterness, sourness, sweetness, fullness, carbonation and overall flavour intensity elicited by seven beers representing classic styles — wheat beer, brown ale, pale ale, low‐alcohol lager, standard lager, high‐alcohol lager and stout. A strong trend was observed for TTs (n = 20) to rate attributes higher than TnTs (n = 20) for all beers except the stout, with these differences significant in many instances (ANOVA or binomial analysis). It is concluded that TTS may be an important determinant of individual differences in the perception of beer flavour, but beer liking and preference are more complex phenomena than can be accounted for by this phenotype alone.     

高效液相色谱法测定苦瓜啤酒中亮蓝

本文采用聚酰胺粉吸附提取苦瓜啤酒中的色素亮蓝。用HPLC法测定,采用KromasilC18柱,乙腈-0.02mol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0ml/min,检测波长627nm。回收率在89.6%～97.6%之间,RSD(n=6)为3.25%,最低检出浓度为0.002mg/kg。实验结果表明该法快速、简便、准确可靠。     

啤酒的口感

本文从啤酒口感术语及描述啤酒口感的方法等方面探讨了啤酒的口感，并且研究了啤酒中含有的可能会影响啤酒口感的物质。     

浅谈啤酒色度与苦味值控制的影响因素

啤酒色度和苦味值是容易被人们忽视的两个指标 ,但这两个指标很大程度上反映出产品的质量 ,应引起重视。影响色度的因素有麦汁色度 ,其涉及到原料及配比、酿造用水、糖化方法、pH值、糖化过程的生化反应、过滤质量、麦汁煮沸、酒花及酒花制品、添加剂等 ;酿造过程中的氧化作用 ,应尽量减少与氧的接触 ;发酵工艺条件 ;过滤介质的吸附能力及灌装杀菌和瓶颈空气含量。影响苦味值的因素有麦汁苦味值 ,包括酒花及制品质量、酒花添加量、酒花浸提时间、麦汁pH值、煮沸强度等。(庞晓)     

梅州金柚食用后期的苦味来源分析

金柚美味可口,营养丰富,深受消费者喜爱.随着储藏时间的延长,金柚会产生苦味,严重影响其产业的健康发展.为深入探究来源,本研究以梅州金柚为研究对象,深入探究其长时间存放后的苦味来源.对其进行分级后,同步测定金柚可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、最大粘附力、柠檬苦素含量、诺米林含量、柚皮苷的含量,借助random forest等方法...     

淡爽型啤酒酸缺陷原因探讨

探讨淡爽型啤酒产生口味酸缺陷的原因,一方面是有机酸含量偏高（主要是乙酸）引起的“真酸”;另一方面则是受到酒体自身的其他不利影响而带来的“假酸”,如酒体老化、醇酯含量低等。     

Healthy Virgin Olive Oil: A Matter of Bitterness

Virgin olive oil (VOO) is the pillar fat of Mediterranean diet. It is made from olive fruits and obtained by squeezing olives without any solvent extraction. Respect to the seed oils, an unique polar polyphenol-rich fraction gives VOO a bitter and pungent taste.

The recent substantiation by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) of a health claim for VOO polyphenols may represent an efficient stimulus to get the maximum health benefit from one of the most valuable traditional product of Mediterranean countries educating consumers to the relationship between the VOO bitterness and its health effect.

Agronomical practices and new processing technology to avoid phenolic oxidation and hydrolysis and to enhance the aromatic components of the VOO have been developed and they can be used to modulate taste and flavor to diversify the products on the market. VOOs having high concentration of phenol compounds are bitter and pungent therefore many people do not consume them, thus loosing the health benefits related to their intake.

In this paper, the chemist's and nutritionist's point of view has been considered to address possible strategies to overcome the existing gap between the quality perceived by consumer and that established by expert tasters. Educational campaigns emphasizing the bitter-health link for olive oils should be developed.     

动力学光度法测定啤酒中痕量甲醛

建立了动力学催化光度法测定痕量甲醛的新方法。在磷酸介质中,痕量甲醛对KBrO3-氨基黑10B体系的褪色反应具有强烈催化作用,以此指示反应探索出测定痕量甲醛的最佳试验条件,并研究了该指示反应的动力学参数。方法的线性范围在0～0.12mg/mL,检出限为1.23×10-8g/mL。     

工艺条件对啤酒口味稳定性的影响

减少啤酒中氧含量是解决啤酒口味稳定性的关键因素。方法有：(1)在发芽过程中，对通氧量予以控制，降低麦层中含氧量；(2)干燥过程从50℃升至70℃，以2℃／11温升速度制备麦芽；(3)麦皮糖化法可抑制啤酒风味物质氧化；(4)控制醪液pH值为5．2；(5)糖化过程可提高下料温度，防止高分子蛋白质过度分解；(6)麦汁煮沸时间以60～70min为宜；(7)缩短麦汁在沉淀槽的停留时间；(8)控制好发酵温度；(9)在过滤与灌装过程采取有效措施，尽可能减少吸氧量。     

氧对啤酒质量的影响及预防啤酒氧化的措施

该文简述了氧对啤酒质量的影响,影响啤酒的非生物稳定性,改变啤酒的风味及颜色。并就过滤和灌装环节提出了预防啤酒氧化的措施。     

荧光法测定啤酒中的草酸

利用在硫酸介质中,草酸能催化重铬酸钾氧化罗丹明B褪色,使体系荧光猝灭,建立了催化荧光法测定草酸的方法,催化反应在50℃水浴中进行10min,测定草酸的线性范围为0．4～12．0mg/L,其回归方程为△F=17．423c（mg／L）＋110．47,γ=9994。此法用于啤酒中草酸含量的测定,结果满意。     

啤酒中草酸含量的测定

建立了三氯化钛光度法测定啤酒中草酸含量的方法,测定条件为pH1．5-1．7,检测光波长为400nm;测量范围0．3×10-3-4×10-3mol/L,检出下限0．3×10-3mol／L。结果表明,测定平均回收率为99．6％;而且具有一定的重现性。     

100m3发酵罐上面发酵小麦啤酒生产工艺技术研究

详细介绍了100立方米发酵罐上面发酵小麦啤酒生产工艺技术及质量控制标准.     

嗅觉可视化技术对啤酒品质的快速检测

为实现啤酒品质的快速无损检测,利用嗅觉可视化技术对青岛啤酒的8 种啤酒（纯生、1903、奥古特、白啤、黑啤、皮尔森、IPA和Strong）进行定性区分和关键质量指标（乙醇体积分数、原麦汁质量分数和双乙酰质量浓度）定量预测。采用4×4的色敏传感器阵列与啤酒的挥发性成分进行反应,并利用化学计量学方法对色敏传感器阵列的差值图像信息进行分析。结果表明,线性判别分析模型能够很好地将8 种啤酒定性区分,校正集和预测集的识别率均达到100%;最小二乘支持向量机模型能够很好地对乙醇体积分数、原麦汁质量分数和双乙酰质量浓度进行定量预测,模型的校正集和预测集校正曲线相关系数均达到0.98以上。因此,嗅觉可视化技术能够实现对啤酒品质的快速无损检测,具有很好的应用潜力。     

Measurement and Characterization of Bubble Nucleation in Beer

A new method has been developed for characterizing the rate of bubble formation in beer. The method consists of forming bubbles in beer in a standardized glass using a controlled source of nucleation, then photographing the glass. The extent of bubbling is compared with that displayed in a set of reference standards to give a measure of the rate of nucleation. Comparisons were made among commercial beers to determine which physicochemical factors influence nucleation, and to what extent. Surface tension, density, and carbon dioxide content all influence the appearance of bubbles in the glass.     

啤酒总酸测定方法的改进

考察了不同脱气方法对啤酒总酸度测定的影响,建立了利用抽真空快速脱气的方法.实验结果表明,对未进行任何处理的啤酒样品振摇抽真空5 min,可以有效脱去啤酒中的CO2,简化了啤酒样品的预处理过程,从而极大地缩短了测定啤酒中总酸度的总的分析时间.将该方法用于啤酒总酸的测定,啤酒总酸度的相对平均偏差为0.06%(n=8).