处理HNS废水的高效复合菌选择与培养条件研究

以处理HNS（六硝基芪）生产废水的特效菌种的选择、复合与培养为核心,以细菌培养物对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝活性作为判断其絮凝能力的指标（即絮凝率）,利用浇有六硝基芪废水的土壤作为菌源,筛选出絮凝率高的单菌落,进行驯化、菌种的两两复合以及探究复合后高絮凝率菌群的培养条件。经实验得知,菌种3和菌种13复合后的菌群絮凝活性更高,可作为处理HNS废水的高效复合菌群,并且其絮凝效果最佳的培养条件为：通用培养基初始pH=5,碳源为淀粉,氮源为蛋白胨。本研究一定程度上为今后确定该菌群名称和利用微生物降解法大规模处理HNS生产废水提供了实际应用依据。     

Anaerobic acidogenesis of dairy wastewater: the effects of variations in hydraulic retention time with no pH control

The performance of a laboratory‐scale mesophilic acidogenic reactor was evaluated in this study, in terms of volatile fatty acid production and distribution, with respect to variations in hydraulic retention time (HRT). The continuous flow‐completely mixed anaerobic reactor, coupled with a conventional gravity settling tank and a continuous recycling system, was operated in a hydraulic retention time ranging between 24 and 12 h, and up to an organic loading rate of about 9.3 kg COD m^?3 d^?1, without pH control. The acid production gradually increased proportionally to the organic loading rate, with decrease in hydraulic retention time. The highest degree of acidification and the rate of acid production were 56% and 3.1 g dm^?3 d^?1 at 12 h of HRT. Variations in hydraulic retention time affected volatile fatty acid production and distribution substantially, for the range investigated. Acetic, propionic, butyric and valeric acids were commonly produced during acidogenesis of dairy wastewater. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

生物接触氧化工艺处理高含盐废水的研究

采用生物接触氧化法处理高含酸盐废水,考察盐浓度连续升高时对COD去除率的影响及抗冲击能力。结果表明,进水硫代硫酸钠的浓度在573~14 812 mg/L时,出水COD浓度小于500 mg/L,COD去除率91%~95%;当生物接触氧化系统受到冲击时,恢复较快,一般3~5个周期后即可恢复正常。     

明珠号生产污水处理流程优化与效果分析

根据明珠号FPSO污水处理流程的实际情况和操作要求,在节约费用和利用现场有限空间的基础上,提出合理的优化办法,有效利用除油水舱舱容,改变加气浮选器和核桃壳过滤器的部分流程,使处理流程更加合理,更好地满足油田生产的需要。     

多元型高分子絮凝剂处理印染废水的研究

由于多元型高分子絮凝剂中的复合组分能充分发挥它们之间的协同作用,因此具有许多优良性质,特别在处理重度工业污染废水方面效果显著,因此近年来得到国内外学者的广泛重视。作者着重叙述了多元型高分子絮凝剂的大致分类,以及它们在高色度工业污水(如：印染废水)处理方面的应用效果。并介绍了我国多元型高分子絮凝剂在处理印染废水方面的研究应用现状。     

聚硅酸铝铁与聚硅酸铝对废水混凝效果的比较

比较了聚硅酸铝铁和聚硅酸铝两种絮凝剂对钢厂废水的混凝效果。结果表明，聚硅酸铝铁对钢厂废水的絮凝效果远好于聚硅酸铝，特别是在相同用量的情况下，前者对废水中悬浮物的去除很明显。研究、开发复合型无机高分子絮凝剂，同时降低其成本应是水处理领域重点发展的方向。     

高浓度有机废水处理技术研究现状

对国内外处理高浓度有机废水的主要方法进行了论述,阐述了各种方法的优缺点及研究现状。指出,改进传统工艺以及高级氧化技术的联合应用将是今后高浓度有机废水处理的发展趋势。     

Modeling and simulation of the sequencing batch reactor at a full‐scale municipal wastewater treatment plant

In this work, we attempted to modify the Activated Sludge Model No.3 and to simulate the performance of a full‐scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) plant for municipal wastewater treatment. The long‐term dynamic data from the continuous operation of this SBR plant were simulated. The influent wastewater composition was characterized using batch measurements. After incorporating all the relevant processes, the sensitivity of the stoichiometric and kinetic coefficients for the model was thoroughly analyzed prior to the model calibration. The modified model was calibrated and validated with the data from both batch‐ and full‐scale experiments. Model predictions were compared with routine data in terms of chemical oxygen demand, NH₄⁺‐N and mixed liquid volatile suspended solids in the SBR, combined with batch experimental data under different conditions. The model predictions match the experimental results well, demonstrating that the model is appropriate to simulate the performance of a full‐scale wastewater treatment plant even operated under perturbation conditions. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

The effect of heat treatment and cooling rate on the properties of lightweight aggregates

Lightweight aggregates (LWA) were produced from clay in the laboratory. After firing different heat treatments and cooling rates were applied and the resulting material was investigated with respect to strength and microstructure. Fast cooling led to the formation of micro cracks and weakened the material whereas slow cooling enhanced the strength of LWA. The residence time at temperatures between 700 °C and 900 °C led to differences in average oxidation state of iron in the matrix phase leading to substantial changes in thermal behaviour of the matrix phase. The combination of a highly oxidized shell and a reduced core proved to enhance the strength of LWA. A two hour heat treatment at 800 °C in air combined with a subsequent slow cooling rate (0.7 °C/min) applied to LWA produced in an industrial rotary kiln led to a strength increase of 114% compared to material of the normal production without changing any other property.     

固体聚合硫酸铁的制备及对生活污水的处理

以硫铁矿烧渣为原料，加入适量自制硫酸亚铁，采用氯酸钠氧化法制备固体聚合硫酸铁(PFS)，并应用于生活污水的处理。研究了其分子形态，探讨了用量、碱化度和pH值对COD、浊度和磷的去除率的影响。结果表明：随着碱化度的增加，单核铁离子(Fe(a))的含量逐渐减少，高聚合物[Fe(c))的含量增加，过渡性低度聚合物[Fe(b))的含量接近；碱化度对处理效果影响小；适宜的pH范围为6～10；当生活污水的COD和浊度分别为143．9mg／L和53NTU时，铁的最佳用量为55．53mg／L，COD、浊度和磷的去除率可分别达65．18％，98．68％和76．16％。     

K2FeO4的简化制备法及其对印染废水的处理

采用简化双碱法制备K2FeO4,以NaOH代替了部分KOH,省去了除杂、干燥程序,降低了制备的成本,克服了难以大规模制备、储运的弱点。将简化法制备的K2FeO4用于处理印染厂废水,pH为6～9,投加35 mg/L的K2FeO4和4 mg/L的PAM,可以达到较好的处理效果,其中色度、SS去除率超过95%,COD、BOD5去除率超过60%,同时提高了废水的可生化性。     

仿酶磁性改性焦炭深度处理焦化废水的实验研究

采用氧化沉淀法制备了Fe_3O_4/改性焦炭复合催化剂,使用扫描电镜(SEM)和傅里叶交换红外光谱(FTIR)对其进行表征,考察了催化剂投加量、初始H_2O_2浓度、初始pH、温度对降解焦化废水效果的影响。结果表明,降解焦化废水的最佳条件:催化剂投加量为1.2 g/L,初始H_2O_2浓度为60 mmol/L,初始pH为3.0,温度为45℃,处理后的焦化废水达到排放标准。催化剂结构稳定、易磁分离循环利用。     

两种膜生物反应器工艺在养殖废水处理中的运行效果

采用动态膜生物反应器（dynamic membrane bioreactor,DMBR）和膜生物反应器（membrane bioreactor,MBR）两种处理工艺,研究在相同条件下对养殖废水的处理效果和运行条件。结果表明,不同溶解氧（dissolve oxygen,DO）条件下,DMBR和MBR对CODMn的去除率可达95%以上。DO为0～1 mg/L条件下,DMBR和MBR的总氮平均去除率分别达到71.4%、75.8%;在DO为2～3 mg/L条件下,DMBR和MBR的总氮平均去除率分别为46.3%、44.1%。DMBR和MBR两种工艺均能达到较好的污染物去除效果。MBR的过滤压差明显高于DMBR,低DO条件下（0～1 mg/L）的运行周期约为5天,DMBR采用重力流出水,运行周期约为10天,过滤压差最高时仅为3.97 kPa,在一定程度上克服MBR成本高、易污染等缺点。