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1.
    
Oleaginous microorganisms, such as yeast, fungi, microalgae and bacteria, represent a key segment of second generation feed-stock materials and are considered to synthesize a wide range of industrially important chemical compounds. Oleaginous microorganisms possess a broad varieties of chemical compounds such as carotenoids, pigments, carbohydrates, chlorophyll, and storage-material lipids. Oleaginous microorganisms have been recognized as promising sources for the synthesis of unsaturated, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). So far, a variety of high-throughput screening methodologies (HTMs) have been employed for the development of bioprocessing of oleaginous microorganisms for sustainable production of industrially valuable compounds. Of HTMs, flow cytometry (FC) and sorters (FACS) have received substantial interest as better HTMs because of their ability to screen large numbers of cells within seconds, and interrogate and isolate living cells at single-cell level. Forward and side scattering signals of FC are used to determine the physiological state of the cell while different channels available in the FC facilitate the detection of signals produced from fluorophores. Simultaneous measurement of physiological characteristics along with specific compound accumulation at single-cell level enables the possibility of separating a particular phenotype with specific properties from a population. Different microbial strain development strategies in combination with FACS produced improved phenotypes with desired properties. This review first summarizes the FACS methodologies suitable for oleaginous microorganisms and the significant progress that has been achieved in oleaginous microorganisms using FACS, and highlights the important, advanced and future prospects of FACS methodologies that are suitable for the development of bioprocessing in oleaginous microorganisms. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

2.
Three corn stover hydrolysates, enzymatic hydrolysates prepared from acid and alkaline pretreatments separately and hemicellulosic hydrolysate prepared from acid pretreatment, were evaluated in composition and fermentability. For enzymatic hydrolysate from alkaline pretreatment, ethanol yield on fermentable sugars and fermentation efficiency reached highest among the three hydrolysates; meanwhile, ethanol yield on dry corn stover reached 0.175 g/g, higher than the sum of those of two hydrolysates from acid pretreatment. Fermentation process of the enzymatic hydrolysate from alkaline pretreatment was further investigated using free and immobilized cells of recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae ZU-10. Concentrated hydrolysate containing 66.9 g/L glucose and 32.1 g/L xylose was utilized. In the fermentation with free cells, 41.2 g/L ethanol was obtained within 72 h with an ethanol yield on fermentable sugars of 0.416 g/g. Immobilized cells greatly enhanced the ethanol productivity, while the ethanol yield on fermentable sugars of 0.411 g/g could still be reached. Repeated batch fermentation with immobilized cells was further attempted up to six batches. The ethanol yield on fermentable sugars maintained above 0.403 g/g with all glucose and more than 92.83% xylose utilized in each batch. These results demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of ethanol production from corn stover hydrolysates.  相似文献   

3.
鸡肉及其酶解液挥发性风味成分的对比分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了研究酶解对鸡肉挥发性风味成分的影响,采用SPME法提取鸡肉及其酶解液中的挥发性风味成分,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行分离鉴定。结果显示:鸡肉酶解液共鉴定出63种挥发性风味成分,包括醛类19种、醇类7种、酸类2种、酮类6种、酯类2种、醚类2种、酚类3种、烃类8种、杂环化合物14种。水煮鸡肉的挥发性风味成分共19种,包括醛类11种、醇类3种、酮类1种、酯类1种、烃类2种、杂环化合物1种。两者共同鉴定出的物质有:己醛、辛醛、壬醛、(E)-2-辛烯醛、苯甲醛、苯乙醛、(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛、对甲氧基苯甲醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、右旋萜二烯。  相似文献   

4.
水解蛋白作为酸洗缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
以发酵工业废水为原料提出菌体,将其部分水解后,所得水解蛋白液作为酸洗缓蚀剂,采用失重法研究了它在盐酸、硫酸溶液中对钢、铝的缓蚀效率,认定其在盐酸、硫酸溶液中对钢有较好的缓蚀作用,以及同六次甲基四胺复配后良好的缓蚀协同作用。  相似文献   

5.
草甘膦对土壤微生物影响的研究   总被引:18,自引:1,他引:18  
邓晓  李雅琦 《农药》2005,44(2):59-62
研究了草甘膦在5种浓度下对土壤微生物种群数量及土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌生长速率的影响。结果表明,在供试浓度下,该除草剂对土壤微生物的种群数量及土壤中细菌、放线菌和真菌生长速率均具有一定的抑制作用。并随药剂浓度的升高抑制作用逐渐增强。加药后2~7d,对细菌种群数量的抑制率为17.5%~100%,抑菌圈直径达0.07~0.87cm;对放线菌种群数量的抑制率为2.1%~100%,抑菌圈直径达0~0.83cm;对真菌种群数量的抑制率为9.9%~100%,生长速率的抑制率达7.3%~85.7%。随着加药时间的延长,对土壤微生物的抑制作用又逐渐减弱。  相似文献   

6.
建立鸡肉中噻节因的超高效液相色谱串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)残留测定方法。鸡肉样品选用乙腈提取,采用UPLC-MS/MS多反应模式(MRM)进行分析测定。噻节因添加质量在0.2~10μg范围内,方法平均回收率为87.6%~101.6%,相对标准偏差为2.44%~5.90%。方法的最小检出量为0.005 mg/L,最低检测浓度为0.01 mg/kg。该方法简单、准确,重复性较好,适用于禽蛋中噻节因的残留检测。  相似文献   

7.
庞艳华  刘淑艳  李叶  那晗 《广州化工》2011,39(7):115-116,149
建立了一种测定食用菌中八氯二丙醚(S-2)残留量的气相色谱方法.样品中的八氯二丙醚经丙酮-正己烷混合溶剂提取,浓硫酸液-液分配磺化法进行净化,以气相色谱法(GC-ECD)测定,外标法定量.实验结果表明:样品中加入0.005~0.05mg/kg浓度水平的S-2,回收率在72.4%~104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于7.8...  相似文献   

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The aim of this study is to determine the effects of the addition of different chemical forms of selenium (Se)—selenate (SeVI) or selenized yeast (SeY) to chickens’ diet containing equal amounts of fish (FO) and sunflower oils and lycopene (Lyc) on fatty acids (FA) profile and peroxidation yield in thigh muscles of chickens. FA profile is analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry while content of malondialdehyde is determined by ultra‐fast liquid chromatography (UPLC) with photodiode detection. The diets containing SeY or SeVI increase the feed conversion efficiency of chickens compared with the control diet. SeY or SeVI added to the diet containing Lyc and FO stimulates concentrations of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated (PUFA) FA in muscles. Muscles of chickens fed a diet only with Lyc and FO have the highest indices of atherogenic (A‐SFA) and thrombogenic (T‐SFA) saturated FA and the highest ratios of A‐SFA and T‐SFA to all assayed FA. Dietary Se‐compounds also decrease the PUFA peroxidation indices in muscles compared with the diet containing only FO and Lyc. Therefore Se‐compounds may be added to diets including FO and Lyc to improve the growth parameters, nutritive value, and oxidative stability of chicken meat. Practical Applications: Poultry meat, which is characterized by high protein content of high biological value, high minerals and vitamins, and low collagen and fat content, is recommended as particularly desirable in a balanced diet to replace red and highly processed meat. Also, relatively good price makes this type of meat one of the most popular among consumers. The present study aims to check if inclusion of different chemical forms of selenium into chickens’ diets improves nutritional value of broiler meat. Feeding chickens with seleno‐supplements significantly enhances poultry production efficiency and nutritional value of broilers’ meat, because it favorably modifies FA composition (enhanced monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FA and decrease atherogenic and thrombogenic saturated FA in muscles) and reduces lipid oxidation in chickens’ meat. These results are important from the both producers’ and consumers’ point of view and correspond to contemporary nutritional recommendations.  相似文献   

10.
Microbiologically induced corrosion of concrete(MICC) and its protective coatings has a high economic impact on sewer maintenance and rehabilitation.A better understanding of the micro-organisms and the biogenic acids that are generated in the sewer is essential in controlling the corrosion of concrete pipes and protective coatings.The role of succession of micro-organisms growth in the corrosion of concrete and protective coatings was evaluated in this study.Examination of various sewer pipe materials exhibiting various extents of degradation,including concrete,cement based and epoxy based coating revealed the presence of both organic and biogenic sulphuric acids.This reflects the activity of fungi and the thiobacilli strains.Organism growth and metabolism were strongly related to the substrate pH.Fungi were found to grow and metabolise organic acids at pH from 2.0-8.0.Whilst the thiobacilli strains grew and generated sulphuric acids at pH below 3.0.The successive growth of the organisms provides an important bearing in developing improved strategies to better manage sewers.  相似文献   

11.
    
The current worldwide pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had alerted the population to the risk that small microorganisms can create for humankind’s wellbeing and survival. All of us have been affected, directly or indirectly, by this situation, and scientists all over the world have been trying to find solutions to fight this virus by killing it or by stop/decrease its spread rate. Numerous kinds of microorganisms have been occasionally created panic in world history, and several solutions have been proposed to stop their spread. Among the most studied antimicrobial solutions, are metals (of different kinds and applied in different formats). In this regard, this review aims to present a recent and comprehensive demonstration of the state-of-the-art in the use of metals, as well as their mechanisms, to fight different pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi.  相似文献   

12.
辛硫磷对土壤微生物种群结构的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
邓晓  李勤奋 《农药》2007,46(12):817-819,822
采用室内培养法研究了土壤中200~1000mg/kg三种不同质量分数的辛硫磷对好氧性细菌、真菌和放线菌三大主要微生物种群数量及其优势菌生长速率的影响。结果表明,土壤中各微生物种群对不同质量分数的辛硫磷具有各自不同的反应。辛硫磷对细菌种群数量及优势细菌生长速率的影响表现为明显的刺激效应,且随加药质量分数的提高刺激效应越明显,而且对种群数量的刺激效应随加药时间延长趋势越明显;对放线菌种群数量的影响表现为抑制效应,且随药剂质量分数的提高抑制效应越明显。但随着加药时间的延长,这种抑制效应又趋于减弱.逐渐恢复到正常水平。但对优势放线菌生长速率的影响却表现为刺激效应;对真菌种群数量及优势真菌生长速率的影响也表现为抑制效应,且随药剂质量分数的提高和加药时间的延长抑制效应越明显。因此,有望从土壤中筛选到能降解辛硫磷的细菌,同时真菌可以作为土壤受辛硫磷污染的敏感指示菌。  相似文献   

13.
    
Hydrodynamics and heat transfer experiments were carried out in a slurry bubble column with air‐water‐yeast cells and air‐water‐bacteria cells systems to investigate gas hold‐up, bubble characteristics and heat transfer coefficients with cell concentrations of 0.1% w/w and 0.4% w/w and superficial gas velocity up to 0.20 m/s. The gas hold‐ups and heat transfer coefficients were found to increase with increasing gas velocity and cell concentration. The heat transfer coefficients were higher at the centre of the column as compared to the near wall region. The development of empirical correlations to predict the heat transfer coefficient in two‐ and three‐phase systems was carried out with ±15% confidence interval at most.  相似文献   

14.
秦坤  李佳乐  王章鸿  张会岩 《化工学报》2022,73(11):5263-5274
为了寻求食用菌菌渣合理的资源化利用途径和开发绿色、高效的除磷吸附剂;以香菇菌渣(mushroom residue; MR)为原料;将其在800、900和1000℃下碳化制备生物炭后用于含磷废水的处理(MR-800C、MR-900C和MR-1000C)。理化特性分析显示;该生物炭富含K、Na、Ca和Mg等矿物质;尤其是Ca;其含量高达4328.43~4919.38 mmol/kg。Ca在生物炭中主要以CaCO3的形式存在;随着热解温度升高;部分被分解为CaO。另外;生物炭还具有较高的pHpzc(11.86~12.04)、发达的孔隙结构(比表面积为167.56~223.80 m2/g)和丰富的表面官能团(如C̿ O、C̿ C、C—O、Ca—O等)。在磷的吸附过程中;生物炭对磷的吸附量服从MR-800C< MR-900C< MR-1000C;且均可被Langmuir吸附等温线模型和准二级动力学模型很好拟合;即该吸附过程为化学作用主导的单层吸附。MR-800C、MR-900C和MR-1000C对磷的理论最大吸附量分别为104.17、121.95和128.21 mg/g。静电作用、孔填塞、配位作用及CaO所引起的沉淀作用[形成CaHPO4和Ca5(PO4)3(OH)]在该过程中起着重要作用。结果表明;食用菌菌渣可被开发作为低廉、高效的除磷吸附材料。  相似文献   

15.
    
Abstract

In this study, mechanically deboned chicken meat residues were hydrolyzed by protease enzyme and chicken meat hydrolyzate was freeze-dried in order to produce high-quality meat powder. Due to its high cost, energy and time consumption, freeze-drying conditions needed to be optimized. Response surface methodology was used for optimization with the independent variables shelf temperature, lyophilization temperature and freezing rate. The responses were sublimation time, solubility and in vitro protein digestibility. The optimum conditions were shelf temperature, 15?°C; lyophilization temperature, –10?°C; and freezing rate, 2.0?°C/min. Sublimation time, solubility and in vitro protein digestibility for this optimum conditions were found to be 590.344?min, 25.626% and 23.808%, respectively.  相似文献   

16.
真菌和细菌联合处理染料废水的研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
染料废水是一类典型的难降解工业废水,对传统生物处理技术提出了挑战。真菌和细菌联合处理技术是一项新兴的污水生物处理技术,结合了细菌和真菌各自在有机物分解过程中的优势。通过真菌对有机物的降解机理及其酶系,分析了利用真菌和细菌联合处理有机污染物的机理,在此基础上综述了利用真菌和细菌联合处理染料废水的研究进展,并指出了今后的相关研究方向及该项技术的应用前景。  相似文献   

17.
电子水处理器杀菌灭藻效果的研究   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
研究了在不同的电压下一种电子水处理器对金黄色葡萄球菌,酶母菌和藻类的杀灭作用,结果显示在20V和24V电压下均有较好的杀菌效果,较高的电压效果较好。经过消息在作用后所产生的活性水对菌也有杀灭作用。  相似文献   

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建立了白腐真菌处理阿维菌素废水优势菌种的筛选方法.经富集、分离、纯化、筛选得到4株优势菌株,并对优势菌株进行了生理生化特性的研究.  相似文献   

20.
生物杀藻剂——溶藻微生物的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
近年来,水体富营养化已成为困扰世界各国的普遍性环境问题。阐述了目前病毒、细菌、放线菌和真菌等溶藻微生物的种类、作用机理,并分析了未来溶藻技术的发展趋势,以期对进一步推动水体富营养化的防治工作提供参考。  相似文献   

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