含钒转炉钢渣中钒的提取与回收

针对攀钢目前含钒铁水的工艺流程和含钒转炉钢渣中V2O3含量,提出了从含钒钢渣提钒的新的技术思路和工艺,并对新工艺的关键环节——含钒钢渣冶炼和高钒铁水提钒进行了试验研究。结果表明：采用矿热炉冶炼含钒钢渣,生铁中钒的质量分数达7．45％,对含钒生铁进行提钒,钒渣中V2O3;的质量分数达35．06％,实现了钒资源的有效提取和综合回收。     

Influences of Technological Parameters on Smelting-separation Process for Metallized Pellets of Vanadium-bearing Titanomagnetite Concentrates

The smelting-separation process for metallized pellets of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrates was studied.The influences of smelting temperature,smelting time,and the basicity of the metallized pellet on vana-dium and iron recovery were investigated.The characteristics of titanium slag were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy,and mineralographic microscopic analysis.The results demonstrate that appropriate increases in smelting temperature and smelting time can improve the vanadium and iron recovery from metallized pel-lets and are beneficial for the slag-iron separation.Although increasing the basicity of the metallized pellet can consid-erably improve the vanadium and iron recovery,the TiO2 grade of titanium slag was decreased.Under the optimal conditions,90·17% of vanadium and 92·98% of iron in the metallized pellet were recovered,and the TiO2 grade of titanium slag was 55·01%.It was found that anosovite,augite,spinel,glassiness,and metallic iron were the main mineral phases of the titanium slag.     

钒钛磁铁矿二步法熔融还原试验研究

与传统高炉流程冶炼钒钛磁铁矿相比,采用二步法熔融还原工艺有利于回收钒钛磁铁矿中的铁、钒和钛等有价元素。本研究分别在990℃、1200℃、1500℃下进行气体预还原、配碳预还原和熔融还原试验,结果表明：熔融还原的渣铁分离效果良好且铁损较低,铁水钒含量高于高炉流程铁水,钛渣品位可以达到或超过理论品位。攀枝花精矿二步法熔融还原适宜预氧化后采用固体碳预还原,其还原温度应等于或高于1200℃;熔态终还原时可不配碳,终还原应控制钛还原度、（FeO）含量在适宜的范围内。     

攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿冶炼过程中主要稀散元素分布走向研究

本文以攀枝花矿区所产多元素共生钒钛磁铁矿作为基本原料的钢铁冶炼和选钛工艺流程为主线,具体针对攀钢钒冶炼工艺流程的技术特点和关键控制环节,重点选取烧结矿、高炉渣、钒渣、钢渣等样品作为稀散元素分布走向研究的监测和调查对象,开展了镓、钪、铬、钴、镍、铌、锆的调查研究.通过资料调研和检测分析,尤其是引入富集比和总回收率的概念,综合对比分析,从必要性和可能性两个方面阐明了攀枝花矿(攀钢钒)应重点考虑钒渣中铬、铌元素和高炉渣中镓、钪、锆元素为综合利用的可行性及主攻方向,为进一步深入全面地综合开发利用攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿资源提供了可靠的依据.     

高钒铁制备技术研究

以金属铝为主要原料,通过采用片状五氧化二钒及电渣阻热辅助精炼技术,在喷入精炼粉的作用下,能够降低铝热法冶炼高钒铁炉渣中的残钒量。实验结果表明,该工艺在技术上可行,能达到电弧炉辅助冶炼高钒铁工艺的经济技术指标,降低固定资产投入,简化操作难度,是小型钒生产企业产品升级的一种较好的选择。     

攀钢高炉含钒铁水成分的优化

根据钒钛磁铁矿的冶金特性及大型高炉冶炼含钒铁水的特点，分析了攀钢高炉含钒铁水成分对铁水在线脱硫，含钒铁水提钒炼钢的影响，建议在充分发挥钒钛磁铁矿冶炼流程中各个工艺环节的作用的基础上，通过试验研究，使高炉含钒铁水成分达到最佳化，从而使整个冶炼工艺取得更大的经济效益。     

酸性含钛炉渣泡沫化问题的研究

为解决攀钢熔分深还原电炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿金属化球团过程中出现的泡沫化严重的问题,采取提高炉渣二元碱度、控制金属化球团w(FeO)和残碳量、减少低温电炉加料量等措施,使炉内泡沫化严重的现象得到控制,保证了冶炼过程的连续进行。同时钒还原率提高了13%,冶炼时间缩短了45min。     

Oxygen-converter processing of vanadium-bearing hot metal

A duplex process for the smelting of vanadium-bearing hot metal in oxygen converters is considered. Globally, this is one of the most efficient approaches to steel smelting. A wide range of high-quality steel may be produced, as well as vanadium slag for conversion to vanadium pentoxide and vanadium alloys.     

多膛炉焙烧转炉钒渣工艺研究

对转炉钒渣进行了物理化学分析，并根据转炉钒渣和多膛炉的特点，在实验室进行了系统的实验。根据小试结果，对多膛炉的焙烧工艺进行了改进，使多膛炉烧转炉钒渣的转化率达８６．６％，浸出残渣的ＴＶ下降到１．２％左右。     

红土镍矿电炉熔炼提取镍铁合金的研究

采用电炉直接还原熔炼工艺从红土镍矿中提取镍铁合金,研究了还原剂(焦粉)和熔剂(石灰石)配比对合金中镍品位、金属回收率及硫、磷在渣和合金中分配比(LS,LP)的影响及行为。综合考虑镍铁合金中镍的品位和金属回收率,试验确定了最佳熔炼条件:焦粉配比11%,熔剂配比11%。在最佳条件下,合金中镍品位为22.8%,镍回收率达97.6%,LS,LP分别为0.024和0.145。     

Activity of VO1.5 in CaO‐SiO2‐MgO‐Al2O3 Slags at Low Vanadium Contents and Low Oxygen Pressures

In the present work, the gas‐slag equilibration technique was employed for the measurement of the thermodynamic activity of vanadium oxide. The vanadium‐containing slag kept in a platinum crucible was equilibrated with a gas mixture of CO, CO₂ and Ar, with well‐defined oxygen partial pressure at a pre‐determined temperature. The slag sample was quenched and the composition of the final slag was determined by chemical analysis. From the value of the oxygen partial pressure, the thermodynamic activity of VO_1.5 could be calculated using the value for the activity of vanadium in V‐Pt alloy. The measurements were carried out in the temperature range 1823～1923K and the oxygen partial pressures employed were 10^‐3, 10^‐4, 10^‐5 Pa. The present results show that the activity of vanadium(III) oxide in slag exhibits a negative deviation from ideality in the present composition range. With increasing basicity of the slag, the final content of vanadium oxide in the slag was found to show an initial increase followed by a constant content. The activities of vanadium(III) oxide did not exhibit any significant change with increasing temperature. The activity coefficient of vanadium(III) oxide decreased sharply with slag basicity approximately up to a basicity of 1, beyond which it showed a near–constant value. Increase in basicity was found to cause a change in the distribution of vanadium between the slag and the alloy phases even though this effect was less pronounced. From the present results, a mathematical relationship for estimating the vanadium content in slag for a given activity of vanadium in the molten metal phase was developed.     

微波加热含碳锰矿球团冶炼高碳锰铁的研究

对微波加热含碳锰矿球团冶炼高碳锰铁进行了试验研究,探明配碳系数、炉渣碱度对锰回收率的影响。结果表明,采用微波加热含碳锰矿料球,可以冶炼出符合要求的高碳锰铁合金。配碳系数及炉渣二元碱度对锰元素回收率影响显著,当配碳系数为1.4、炉渣二元碱度为2.0时,锰元素回收率最高可达90%以上。当配碳过量时,锰元素回收率下降明显。     

铁合金代用材料开发的热力学分析

利用化学反应热力学数据对以白钨矿代替钨铁、氧化钼代替钼铁、钒渣代替钒铁直接冶炼合金钢的热力学过程进行了分析，结果表明：利用白钨矿、氧化钼、钒渣直接合金化生产合金钢的工艺是可行的。据此在感应炉上进行了直接合金化冶炼试验，取得了满意效果。产品化学成分合格，合金元素收得率高且稳定，冶炼顺利，钢质优良，该工艺可在生产中推广应用，能大幅度降低炼钢生产成本。     

EAF Smelting Trials of Waste‐Carbon Briquettes at Avesta Works of Outokumpu Stainless AB for Recycling Oily Mill Scale Sludge from Stainless Steel Production

The EAF steel plant of Avesta Works, Outokumpu Stainless AB, has been used to perform smelting reduction trials of briquettes consisting of oily mill scale sludge, carbon and other wastes. A total of 7 briquette smelting trials were performed. The heats were processed smoothly smelting 3 t of briquettes or 3.4 mass‐% of metal charges. The quantities of FeSi powder and O₂ gas injected and electric energy supplied were increased to smelt briquettes of 6 t. No impacts were found on the analyses of the crude stainless steel tapped from the EAF during the trials. The results of the briquette smelting have been evaluated by referring to the data from the reference heats and results from earlier laboratory tests. The recovery of Cr, Ni and Fe elements from the briquettes was nearly complete and was found to occur mainly through carbon reduction. The slag masses were not increased in three trials as compared with the reference heats. There were moderate increases in the slag masses in four trial heats. The increases were, nevertheless, lower by 52‐69% than the slag masses generated by Sireduction of the briquette oxides. Afterwards, by referring results from the present trials, waste‐carbon briquettes amounting to 1‐3 t were smelted very smoothly in many of the EAF heats at Avesta Works to recycle the oily mill scale sludge and other wastes from stainless steel production.     

陕西韩城芝川古代冶铁遗址初步考察

韩城芝川古代冶铁遗址位于陕西省渭南市韩城芝川镇芝西村,遗存面积超4 000 m²,考古年代为西汉。科研团队对该遗址开展冶金考古田野调查并采集到炉渣、陶片等遗物,使用扫描电镜及能谱(SEM-EDS)、金(矿)相显微观察等手段对采集到的18个冶炼遗物进行成分分析和显微结构观察。结果表明,16个炉渣为硅钙铝系高钙低铁炉渣,基体主要为玻璃相、偶见铁橄榄石,其产品是生铁,应为生铁冶炼炉渣。1个炉渣为高铁渣,以浮氏体为主、间有铁橄榄石和极少量玻璃相;1个样品的块状金属为熟铁,很可能为生铁炒钢的遗物。该遗址主要是生铁冶炼遗址,同时进行炒钢冶金活动,是迄今发现陕西渭南地区最早的生铁炒钢遗址。     

铅侧吹氧化熔炼过程热力学模拟与优化

使用FactSage软件,对铅侧吹氧化熔炼过程进行热力学模拟,计算的平衡相组成与实际产出情况相吻合,验证了热力学分析的可行性。考察了氧料比、熔炼温度对元素在各平衡相中分配比的影响。研究结果表明,提高氧料比,铅、铜等有价元素进入高铅渣的比例,炉料的脱硫效果更好,但铅液杂质含量也会相应增大;提升熔炼温度,对降低渣含硫及提高粗铅品位更有利,但较高的温度会加剧铅、锌等有价元素的挥发。利用宏过程进行批量平衡计算,以实现过程优化控制。在粗铅及高铅渣的质量达到期望值的条件下,综合考虑有价元素直收率及烟尘率,对该工艺进行了优化。建议铅侧吹氧化熔炼过程中氧料比控制在124 m3/t,熔炼温度控制在1 067 ℃左右。      

Investigations on Flowsheet Development for the Treatment of Niobium-Tantalum Bearing Cassiterite

Abstract

The paper presents the results of experimental investigations carried out for developing a flowsheet for the treatment of niobium-tantalum bearing cassiterite containing about 23%of mixed niobium and tantalum oxide. Three different approaches viz. direct smelting of cassiterite to tin metal and niobium-tantalum bearing slag, reduction roasting-acid leaching and alkali fusion-leaching to separate tin from niobium-tantalum followed by recovery of tin as oxide and finally carbothcrmic reduction to tin metal have been examined on laboratory scale. It has been observed that alkali fusion—leaching—tin oxide smelting is quite attractive to obtain a good purity tin metal and also recover niobium and tantalum as mixed oxides.     

复吹转炉低磷钢生产工艺的优化

在济钢条件下,采用常规的铁水脱硫加转炉双渣的冶炼工艺生产低磷钢,很难将成品w(P)稳定控制在0.010%以下。基于转炉双渣大渣量生产试验,采用回归分析研究了影响冶炼过程脱磷效率的主要因素,确定了最佳的双渣吹炼时间、过程温度和炉渣成分控制,大幅度提高了冶炼过程的脱磷效率。该工艺在9Ni、高级别管线(X90/X100)的生产中得到广泛应用,成品w(P)稳定控制在0.006%以下,最低达到了0.004%,实现了低磷钢的批量生产。     

承钢2500 m^3高炉钒钛磁铁矿冶炼新技术

承钢2500 m3高炉钒钛矿冶炼探索了多项新技术,主要包括：铁口设置、使用储铁式大沟、中钛渣风水淬渣渣处理、中钛渣冶金性能研究、高炉炉身静压力与静压差经验操作、高炉造渣制度优化、普通矿冶炼转钒钛矿冶炼操作、无重力除尘器全干式布袋除尘技术、大型旋流顶燃式热风炉使用新型燃烧器等,确保了2500 m3高炉冶炼钒钛矿炉况的稳定顺行,经济技术指标不断提高.     

H2-C熔融还原条件下渣金间磷的分配比的试验研究

 通过300kg级氢-碳熔融还原热模拟试验,从热力学角度分析了氢-碳混合熔融还原条件下磷的分配比,运用熔渣规则溶液模型计算了氧化钙、二氧化硅、氧化镁、氧化铝、氧化亚铁、五氧化二磷六元熔渣组分的活度、活度系数,进而计算出一定温度条件下熔渣的磷容量以及渣金平衡时磷分配比的理论值。通过比较理论计算得出的磷分配比与试验中磷的分配比的差异,解析产生差异的原因,进而为氢-碳混合熔融还原炼铁新工艺冶炼高磷铁矿提供参数。试验结果表明：用熔渣规则溶液模型计算渣金间的磷的分配比是合适的,氢-碳熔融还原工艺可以利用高磷铁矿。