表面活性剂改善硝酸铵吸湿性研究

用表面活性剂对硝酸铵进行表面改性处理 ,测定了改性硝酸铵的吸湿性。结果表明 ,表面活性剂能有效地降低硝酸铵的吸湿率 ,改性硝酸铵的吸湿率比普通硝酸铵降低约 30 % ,并得出了较为理想的硝酸铵改性表面活性剂。     

新型表面活性剂改性硝酸铵的研究

选用阳离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂以及两种表面活性剂复合后的改性剂对硝酸铵进行表面处理,测定了改性前后硝酸铵的表面接触角、表面张力以及在特定温湿度条件下的吸湿率。结果表明,改性后硝酸铵的吸湿性得到了较好地改善,并得出复合型表面活性剂的改性效果最好,吸湿率下降了87.2%。     

提高松散型硝酸铵成品松散度的措施

硝酸铵的吸湿性、多晶性造成了硝酸铵的结块。文章分析了在湿度较大的情况下，影响松散型硝酸铵松散度降低并结块的主要原因有水分、造粒颗粒度、温度、松散添加剂、添加剂添加量、包装方式和储存条件，并在此基础上提出了提高硝酸铵松散度的具体改进措施。     

硝酸铵的结块与防止

硝酸铵的吸湿性、多晶性造成了硝酸铵的结块。分析了影响松散型硝酸铵松散度降低并结块的主要原因是水分、造粒颗粒度、温度、松散添加剂、添加剂添加量、包装方式和储存条件,提出了提高硝酸铵松散度的具体改进措施。对防止硝酸铵结块的几种途径进行了讨论,介绍了防结块剂的应用情况,并介绍了五种硝酸铵专用防结块剂的特点及其应用情况。     

硝酸铵氧化剂的表面改性及其吸湿性研究

提出了用硅烷偶联剂Si-K和高分子材料Polym-B对硝酸铵进行双层包覆的新思路;利用光电子能谱仪和扫描电子显微镜表征了包覆效果,结果表明Si-K和Polym-B能对硝酸铵粒子进行很好包覆,在其表面形成均匀而完整的包覆层.通过测量吸湿性和结块性的变化研究了改性效果,数据表明改性后的硝酸铵吸湿性降低了近50%,结块性显著降低.     

硝酸铵AN_Ⅳ?AN_Ⅲ相变机制与改性添加剂研究进展

对硝酸铵AN_Ⅳ?AN_Ⅲ相变机制进行介绍,并对不同种类硝酸铵改性添加剂的效果及作用机制进行分析,涉及改性剂种类包括无机盐、聚合物、表面活性剂。3种类型添加剂均能够不同程度的改善硝酸铵AN_Ⅳ?AN_Ⅲ的相变温度,起到抑制相变并减轻硝酸铵结块程度的作用,同时被改性的硝酸铵的膨胀率、堆积密度、抗压强度等物性也会发生不同程度的变化。并介绍水含量对硝酸铵相变和结块的影响,随水含量增加,硝酸铵相变点降低,结块严重,因此应控制硝酸铵的水含量。     

硝酸铵膨化用表面活性剂研究

介绍了膨化硝酸铵（ＡＮ）的用途、膨化硝酸铵用表面活性剂的合成原理,考察了表面活性剂中各复配组分的作用。     

硝酸铵膨化用表面活性剂研究

介绍了膨化硝酸铵（ＡＮ）的用途、膨化硝酸铵用表面活性剂的合成原理,考察了表面活性剂中各复配组分的作用。     

膨化硝酸铵的膨化过程研究

讨论了硝酸铵膨化敏化过程中体系水分、温度的变化情况和微气泡、孔的形成过程,研究发现专用表面活性剂在硝酸铵膨化敏化改性过程中起降低表面张力和起发泡剂的作用。     

表面活性剂改善硝酸铵物化性能和爆炸性能的研究

用表面活性剂对硝酸铵进行溶化－真空结晶处理，得到一种含有许多微孔的片状膨松硝酸铵。研究了这种改性硝酸铵的物理化学特性和爆炸性能，介绍了用改性硝酸铵制成的几种粉状工业炸药的爆炸性能。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。