氧化物助剂对费托合成钴基催化剂的促进作用

氧化物助剂促进的钴基催化剂具有费托合成反应活性和长链烃选择性高等特点,是高选择性地获得馏分油的关键,具有良好的应用和研究价值。本文针对氧化物助剂对钴基催化剂的促进作用,综述了氧化物助剂对钴基催化剂的结构、稳定性以及费托合成反应性能的影响,详细分析了氧化物助剂对钴基催化剂的还原性能和分散度的影响, 同时介绍了影响氧化物助剂促进作用的因素,重点讨论了氧化物助剂的促进作用机理。并对如何更好地发挥氧化物助剂在钴基催化剂中的促进作用进行了展望：应加强氧化物助剂对钴基催化剂促进作用机理的基础研究,并且重视影响氧化物助剂促进作用的因素。     

助剂对煤基合成气甲烷化反应用镍基催化剂的促进作用

助剂促进的合成气甲烷化反应用镍基催化剂具有反应活性高、使用寿命长以及甲烷选择性高等优点,被广泛应用于煤基合成气甲烷化制替代天然气反应中。本文重点介绍了贵金属、碱土金属、稀土金属以及过渡金属助剂等对活性镍基催化剂的分散度、还原度、双金属合金协同效应、镍基催化剂结构稳定性及其对合成气甲烷化反应速率和产物选择性的影响。较系统地分析了这些助剂改性镍基催化剂的作用机制。提出了非贵金属助剂以及复合助剂将是合成气甲烷化用镍基催化剂助剂研发的发展方向,旨在为煤基合成气制替代天然气甲烷化催化剂的研发提供借鉴和参考。     

宽温型镍基甲烷化催化剂制备及催化性能

利用挤条成型及等体积浸渍法制备了负载型镍基甲烷化催化剂。通过H₂-TPR等表征方法对催化剂进行表征,研究了MgO对镍基催化剂中NiO与载体Al₂O₃相互作用力的影响。催化剂活性评价表明,助剂MgO在甲烷化反应中对CH₄选择性具有明显的促进作用。考察了催化剂的高温稳定性,并对镍基催化剂的低温失活现象进行了研究。     

费托合成钴基催化剂助剂研究进展

针对助剂对钴基催化剂的促进作用,介绍了近年来钴基催化剂助剂的研究进展。综述了助剂添加方式、助剂功能和助剂作用、详细分析了助剂对钴基催化剂的还原度、分散度、稳定性和费托反应性能的影响、重点讨论了助剂的结构作用、电子作用和协同作用,并对今后催化剂的研究提出了一些建议。     

费托合成钴基催化剂稀土助剂改性研究进展

综述了近几年费托合成钴基催化剂稀土助剂改性方面的研究进展。针对稀土氧化物助剂对钴基催化剂的促进作用,重点分析了稀土氧化物对钴基催化剂的还原度、分散度和费托反应性能的影响,最后对钴基催化剂今后的发展趋势进行了展望。     

费托合成钴基催化剂稀土助剂改性研究进展

综述了近几年费托合成钴基催化剂稀土助剂改性方面的研究进展。针对稀土氧化物助剂对钴基催化剂的促进作用,重点分析了稀土氧化物对钴基催化剂的还原度、分散度和费托反应性能的影响,最后对钴基催化剂今后的发展趋势进行了展望。     

稀土改性的非晶态镍基催化剂对CO_2甲烷化反应的研究

以无定形的ZrO2为载体,非晶态金属Ni为活性组分,稀土作为助剂,考察了不同稀土对镍基催化剂的改性作用,采用XRD、SEM、NH3-TPD等技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,稀土对镍基催化剂的CO2甲烷化活性有明显的促进作用,反应温度为623K时,CO2转化率提高了22.7%。稀土改性后的催化剂颗粒较小且分布均匀,酸性增强。     

助剂钾对镍基催化剂性能影响研究进展

镍基催化剂是生物质气化及焦油转化过程中活性最高的催化剂之一,但容易因积炭失活影响寿命,降低制氢过程的经济性。添加助剂不仅可以有效提高催化剂的抗积炭能力,还可以提高催化剂的稳定性。本文综述了助剂钾对镍基催化剂抗积炭能力及反应活性的影响,分析了助剂钾影响积炭生成和积炭气化的机理。助剂钾能够提高镍基催化剂的抗积炭能力,抑制催化剂的烧结,提高催化剂的稳定性。未来的研究方向是进一步考察助剂钾的种类、添加方式对镍基催化剂的抗积炭能力及焦油转化活性的影响与本质原因,以制备出具有高活性、高抗积炭能力、长寿命的生物质气化镍基催化剂。     

油脂在镍基催化剂上氢化性能的研究

研究由共沉淀方法制备的镍基催化剂上大豆色拉油加氢活性,测定氢化反应温度180℃,反应压力0．8MPa,反应时间120min,催化剂用量4％g／mL、搅拌转速360r／min条件下氢化油脂的碘值、折光指数、熔点数据,考察改变镍铝比、添加助剂铜铁镧等对催化剂在油脂氢化过程中活性的影响,镍基催化剂有较好的加氢活性。     

镍基稀土改性催化剂的研究

通过对镍基稀土改性催化剂TPR的研究,结果表明稀土氧化物La2O3添加到Ni/a-Al2O3中改变了镍铝的相互作用,添加CeO2、MgO助剂能够有效地提高活性组份镍的分散度。     

Promoting effect of an aluminum emulsion on catalytic performance of Cu-based catalysts for methanol synthesis from syngas

Copper-based catalysts modified with aluminum precursors having different morphologies for methanol synthesis were prepared and the effect of the addition of aluminum emulsion on the characteristics of the catalyst was studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and differential thermal gravity (DTG). The experiment results show that the copper-based catalyst prepared by mixing a Cu-Zn precipitate with an amorphous aluminum emulsion prepared in advance by precipitating an aluminum salt with ammonia exhibits higher specific surface area and catalytic performance for methanol synthesis from synthesis gas. The catalysts thus prepared were found to have more (Cu,Zn)₂CO₃(OH)₂ phase, from which more Cu/Zn sosoloid was produced during calcination. More sosoloid phase produced and stronger synergy between Cu and ZnO were verified to enhance the activity of the catalyst for methanol synthesis.     

PERFORMANCE OF ACIDIC MCM-LIKE ALUMINOSILICATE CATALYSTS IN PYROLYSIS OF POLYPROPYLENE

Mesoporous aluminosilicate catalysts having different Al/Si ratios were synthesized following a hydrothermal synthesis route and using different aluminum sources, such as aluminum nitrate and aluminum isopropoxide. These mesoporous materials have high surface areas, in the range of 520–1001 m²/g, and exhibit Type IV nitrogen adsorption isotherms. EDS and ²⁷Al MAS NMR results showed that aluminum was incorporated more effectively into the structure of the catalyst forming a tetrahedral framework when aluminum nitrate was used as the aluminum source. The activities of these catalysts in the polypropylene pyrolysis reaction were tested in a TGA apparatus. Results showed a marked reduction in the degradation temperature in the presence of aluminosilicate catalysts. The activation energy of degradation was 172 kJ/mole without any catalyst. However, using the mesoporous aluminosilicate catalysts synthesized by using aluminum nitrate as the aluminum source, activation energy of the degradation reaction decreased to values of about 24–28 kJ/mole.     

铝硅复合催化剂合成PET的性能研究

采用对苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMT)路线以铝、硅化合物为复合催化刺合成聚对笨二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),对PET的特性粘数、色值和热性能进行了测试,与Sb2O3催化合成的PET进行了比较,结果表明:铝硅复合催化剂的催化活性低于Sb2O3催化剂,所得PET特性粘数较低;铝硅复合催化剂所得PET的b值高于Sb2O3催化所得PET的...     

铜基甲醇合成催化剂的TPR研究

采用并流共沉淀法制备了一系列具有不同Cu/Zn的甲醇合成催化剂。通过活性测试可知,并流法所制备的催化剂最佳Cu/Zn大约为5/4。催化剂TPR研究表明 , 当铝含量固定时，具有最佳Cu/Zn（即5/4）的铜基催化剂，其主还原温度最低。考察了在不同pH值时进行并流共沉淀所制备的催化剂的TPR，表明沉淀时的pH值对催化剂的结构有很大影响，并对其本质原因进行了深入探讨。另外，考察了铝含量对催化剂还原行为的影响以及在不同升温速率下催化剂TPR的差异。     

新型固定床Raney镍(Ⅱ)成型合金的浸取过程

以20%的拟薄水铝石为黏结剂制备新型固定床Raney镍催化剂,采用苯加氢为模型反应,研究了前驱物成型合金浸取条件对催化剂加氢活性的影响.实验结果表明,对于860℃焙烧2 h后的成型合金,以10%～20%的NaOH溶液在80～90℃浸取3～4 h可得到具有较高加氢活性的固定床Raney镍催化剂.浸取反应可在1～4 h内基本完成,浸取后催化剂表面出现微孔结构,具有较好的苯加氢活性和活性稳定性,可在120℃、0.5 MPa、空速2 h^-1的缓和条件下实现苯的完全转化.     

Hydrogenation of (—)-α-pinene over nickel—phosphorus/aluminum oxide catalysts prepared by electroless deposition

Liquid-phase hydrogenation of (—)-α-pinene was investigated using a new type of amorphous nickel-phosphorus catalyst supported on aluminum oxide. The catalyst was prepared by the electroless deposition of nickel on the solid support at atmospheric pressure and moderate temperature from an aqueous solution. Two types of supports, aluminum oxide powder and pellet, were used. Electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) indicated that the nickel profile on the aluminum oxide powder was uniform throughout the whole particle of the powdery support; however, the nickel deposition on the catalyst supported by pellet aluminum oxide exhibited an eggshell-type profile with a thickness about 8 μm. The amorphous structure of the nickel was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The procedure by which the catalysts were prepared involved four steps: etching, sensitization, activation and deposition. The conditions employed for the sensitization, activation and deposition steps significantly affected the composition, structure, metal profile and activities of the catalysts. Etching, however, had a negligible effect on the properties of the catalysts. Very high selectivity was found for hydrogenation of (—)-α-pinene to cis-pinane.     

Preparation of Mesoporous Ni–alumina Catalyst by One-step Sol–gel Method: Control of Textural Properties and Catalytic Application to the Hydrodechlorination of o-dichlorobenzene

Mesoporous Ni–alumina catalysts (Ni–alumina-pre and Ni–alumina-post) were synthesized by one-step sol–gel method using micelle complex comprising lauric acid and nickel ion as a template with metal source and using aluminum sec-butoxide as an aluminum source. The Ni–alumina catalysts showed relatively high surface areas (303 m²/g for Ni–alumina-pre and 331 m²/g for Ni–alumina-post) and narrow pore size distributions centered at ca. 4 nm. Highly dispersed Ni particles were observed in the Ni–alumina catalysts (ca. 5.2 nm for Ni–alumina-pre and ca. 6.8 nm for Ni–alumina-post) after reduction at 550 °C, while a catalyst prepared without a template (NiAl-comp) exhibited inferior porosity with large metal particles (ca. 12.3 nm). Mesoporous Ni–alumina catalysts with different porosity were obtained by employing different hydrolysis step of aluminum source. When aluminum source was hydrolyzed under the presence of micelle complex, a supported Ni catalyst with highly developed framework mesoporosity was obtained (Ni–alumina-post). On the other hand, when aluminum source was pre-hydrolyzed followed by mixing with micelle solution, the resulting catalyst (Ni–alumina-pre) retained high portion of textural porosity. It was revealed that the hydrolysis method employed in this research affected not only textural properties but also metal-support interaction in the Ni–alumina catalysts. It was also found that the Ni–alumina-pre catalyst exhibited weaker interaction between nickel and alumina than the Ni–alumina-post, leading to higher degree of reduction in the Ni–alumina-pre catalyst. In the hydrodechlorination of o-dichlorobenzene, the Ni–alumina catalysts exhibited better catalytic performance than the NiAl-comp catalyst, which was attributed to higher metal dispersion in the Ni–alumina catalysts. In particular, the Ni–alumina-pre catalyst showing 1.5 times higher degree of reduction and larger amounts of o-dichlorobenzene adsorption exhibited better catalytic performance than the Ni–alumina-post catalyst.     

乙烯聚合铝改性铬系催化剂研究进展

综述国内外乙烯聚合铝改性铬系催化剂的研究现状、制备方法、性能以及对乙烯聚合性能的影响。铝改性铬系催化剂主要体现为采用氧化铝和磷酸铝作为载体,或使用烷基铝作为改性剂。改性后铬系催化剂的聚合活性和氢调敏感性明显提高,由其生成聚合物的相对分子质量分布变宽,耐环境应力开裂性能改善,加工性能优异。     

2-Ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone assisted sol–gel synthesis of Pd/γ-Al_2O_3 nanorods with enhanced catalytic performance in 2-ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone hydrogenation

A series of nanorod-like porous Pd/γ-Al_2 O_3 catalysts with controllable textural properties and enhanced catalytic performance in 2-ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone(eAQ) hydrogenation for H_2 O_2 preparation were successfully prepared via a facile sol-gel method using aluminum isopropoxide as aluminum precursor and eAQ as structure directing agent,sequential calcination and impregnation process with Na_2 PdCl_4 solution.The physicochemical properties of the catalysts obtained with different addition amounts of eAQ.were comparatively characterized by XRD,TG-DSC,BET,TEM,CO-TPR,H_2-TPR and H_2-O_2 titration.The results show that addition of eAQ can not only effectively control the textural properties(surface area,pore volume and average pore size) of the catalysts,but also lower their reduction temperature of active metal.Importantly,the catalyst obtained with an addition amount of 4 wt% eAQ shows the highest hydrogenation efficiency of 10.28 g·L~(-1),which is 37.3% higher than 7.49 g·L~(-1) of the catalyst obtained without eAQ.     

Study on the reactivity of ultrafine cerium–molybdenum oxide particles in the absence of molecular oxygen

The cracking, hydrocracking and hydrodesulfurization activities of gallium–aluminum mixed oxide catalysts, with fluoride added as promoter, were investigated. The addition of fluoride to the Ni–Mo catalyst supported on the mixed oxides leads to a significant enhancement in the cracking (no metals) and the hydrocracking (Ni–Mo) reactions of the catalysts, respectively. This enhancement of activity is attributed to the promotional effect of fluoride and the presence of gallium in the support, which leads to catalysts that are more resistant to deactivation. The results of the hydrodesulfurization experiments are not so encouraging. The activity of the catalysts was depressed by the addition of fluoride and with increasing gallium oxide content of the support. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.