Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Property of Cr13 Super Martensitic Stainless Steel

 The microstructures and mechanical properties of Cr13 super martensitic stainless steel after different heat treatments were studied. The results show that the structures of the steel after quenching are of lath martensite mixed with a small amount of retained austenite. With the raising quenching temperature, the original austenite grain size increases and the lath martensite gradually becomes thicker. The structures of the tempered steel are mixtures of tempered martensite and reversed austenite dispersed in the martensite matrix. The amount of reversed austenite is from 754% to 2249%. After different heat treatments, the tensile strength, the elongation and the HRC hardness of the steel are in the range of 813-1070 MPa, 101%-212% and 2133-3237, respectively. The steel displays the best comprehensive mechanical properties after the sample is quenched at 1050 ℃ followed by tempering at 650 ℃.     

马氏体不锈钢2Cr13工艺探讨

分析研究扁平材厂生产的马氏体不锈2Cr13(餐具用钢)出现的技术、质量问题:表面抛不光,表面质量差,板形不好,通过理论和实战跟踪分析,改进生产工艺:改进加热工艺,采用新型轧辊轧制,改进热处理工艺.基本解决了马氏体不锈钢2Cr13的表面质量问题(表面抛不光问题).     

30Cr13马氏体不锈钢电阻焊工艺研究

通过金相、显微硬度以及电子探针等技术,研究了30Cr13马氏体不锈钢电阻焊不同材质和焊接电流下对组织和性能的影响。结果表明,焊接前的打磨工作会影响焊接接头弯曲性能;30Cr13与30Cr13焊接时熔深明显大于30Cr13与SUS304焊接接头熔深;而30Cr13与SUS304焊接接头熔核直径随焊接电流增大而增大,当焊接电流为11 500 A时焊接接头硬度值最低,弯曲性能最好,满足生产工艺要求。     

Effect of Heat Treatment on Reversed Austenite in Cr15 Super Martensitic Stainless Steel

 The effect of different heat treatments on the reversed austenite in Cr15 super martensitic stainless steel was investigated. The experimental results indicate that the microstructure of the steel is composed of tempered martensite and diffused reversed austenite after quenching at 1050 ℃ and tempering from 550 to 750 ℃. The volume fraction and size of reversed austenite increase with increasing tempering temperature and both of them reach the maximum value at 700 ℃. The volume fraction and size of reversed austenite decrease when the temperature is above 700 ℃. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) results indicate that the orientation relationship between tempered martensite and reversed austenite belongs to Kurdjmov-Sach (K-S) relationship.     

TGOG13Cr-1超级马氏体不锈钢的组织和性能

采用SEM、金相、Gleeble 3800观察和分析了TGOG13Cr-1超级马氏体不锈钢在不同热处理制度下的组织转变和力学性能的变化情况.试验结果表明,TGOG13Cr-1室温下的显微组织为低碳回火马氏体,其Ac1为720 ℃、Ac3为860 ℃、Ms为281 ℃、Mf为157 ℃;在相同的淬火温度和回火工艺下,采用水淬较空冷更容易实现对力学性能的控制;随着回火温度的升高,合金的强度、硬度越低,塑性、韧性越好.     

2Cr13马氏体不锈钢铸坯表面纵裂控制

根据马氏体不锈钢在连铸浇注过程中的凝固收缩特性,分析连铸浇注过程中易引发表面纵裂的原因,提出应对措施,从而有效避免板坯表面纵裂的产生。     

油气田用SUP13Cr5Ni2Mo超级马氏体不锈钢热变形加工图研究

在Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机上,研究了SUP13Cr5Ni2Mo合金的热塑性及热变形行为,并建立了合金的热加工图。结果表明,在900～1 300℃,合金均具有较好的热塑性;通过热加工图分析得出,合金适宜初始加工温度范围在1 100～1 200℃,采用此参数变形获得的组织细小均匀。     

合金元素对2Cr13马氏体不锈钢组织及性能的影响

Ni,Mo,V均是影响13Cr型马氏体不锈钢性能的主要元素.研究了在普通2Cr13基础上添加不同含量的Ni,Mo以及微量V对其力学性能、耐腐蚀性能的影响.研究表明:单独添加Ni或Mo元素均未能明显改善2Cr13型马氏体不锈钢的综合力学性能,但同时添加适量的Ni,Mo等合金元素能明显提高材料的力学及耐CO2腐蚀性能.     

Effect of Nb Addition to Ti-Bearing Super Martensitic Stainless Steel on Control of Austenite Grain Size and Strengthening

The role of Nb in normalized and tempered Ti-bearing 13Cr5Ni2Mo super martensitic stainless steel is investigated through in-depth characterization of the bimodal chemistry and size of Nb-rich precipitates/atomic clusters and Nb in solid solution. Transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography are used to analyze the samples and clarify precipitates/atom cluster interactions with dislocations and austenite grain boundaries. The effect of 0.1 wt pct Nb addition on the promotion of (Ti, Nb)N-Nb(C,N) composite precipitates, as well as the retention of Nb in solution after cooling to room temperature, are analyzed quantitatively. (Ti, Nb)N-Nb(C,N) composite precipitates with average diameters of approximately 24 ± 8 nm resulting from epitaxial growth of Nb(C,N) on pre-existing (Ti,Nb)N particles, with inter-particle spacing on the order of 205 ± 68 nm, are found to be associated with mean austenite grain size of 28 ± 10 µm in the sample normalized at 1323 K (1050 °C). The calculated Zener limiting austenite grain size of 38 ± 13 µm is in agreement with the experimentally observed austenite grain size distribution. 0.08 wt pct Nb is retained in the as-normalized condition, which is able to promote Nb(C, N) atomic clusters at dislocations during tempering at 873 K (600 °C) for 2 hours, and increases the yield strength by 160 MPa, which is predicted to be close to maximum increase in strengthening effect. Retention of solute Nb before tempering also leads to it preferentially combing with C and N to form Nb(C, N) atom clusters, which suppresses the occurrence of Cr- and Mo-rich carbides during tempering.

     

氮对0Cr13Ni4Mo马氏体不锈钢机械性能的影响

研究结果表明，含0．018％N的低氮对0Cr13Ni4Mo马氏体不锈钢未出现中温回火脆性，含0．054％N的高氮钢有中温回火脆性出现，经600℃高温回火后可获得高的强韧性配合和极高的－60℃低温冲击韧性。     

氮合金化对20Cr13Mo退火组织和性能的影响

为了研究氮合金化对20Cr13Mo退火组织和性能的影响以及此时氮元素的存在形式,对20Cr13Mo添加了适量的氮,然后分别通过扫描电镜、多通道恒电位仪和透射电镜等分析方法进行试验分析。结果表明,在20Cr13Mo中加入适量氮元素后,其退火态组织明显细化,抗拉强度和屈服强度分别提高了88.12和87.8 MPa,但是由于退火后氮元素主要是以Cr2N的形式存在于晶界处,Cr2N的析出造成基体铬含量下降,从而导致点蚀电位下降45 mV。     

马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb冶炼工艺研究

通过对马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb的冶炼工艺过程控制的思考、分析和总结，提出了马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb有别于传统的冶炼工艺路线—“EF（N）＋VOD”,为缩短生产周期、提高金属回收率、降低生产成本开创了新的思路，并在生产试验中取得了较为满意的效果，对17—4PH、2Cr12NiW1Mo1V等汽轮机叶片用钢的冶炼工艺优化具有一定的指导意义。     

ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo马氏体不锈铸钢组织对性能的影响

ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo马氏体不锈钢水轮机铸件的组织和性能试验分析的结果表明，若出现类似魏氏体组织的δ-铁素体时，铸钢件的冲击韧性急剧下降。经正火处理可消除该铸钢中的δ-铁素体相。     

非API 13Cr系马氏体不锈钢油套管的发展现状

API(美国石油协会)13Cr油套管具有良好的耐CO₂腐蚀性,但随新油田的开发,要求油套管具有优良的抗H₂S、CO₂高温耐蚀性。文中分析了国内外非API 13Cr马氏体不锈钢油套管(Cr13-Ni5-Mo,Cr13-Ni5-Mo2,Cr15-Ni6-Mo2-Cu等)的发展现状,叙述了相关生产厂家油套管的化学成分、力学性能和耐蚀性。     

30Cr13马氏体不锈钢分层形成原因及改进

针对鞍钢联众(广州)不锈钢有限公司30Cr13马氏体不锈钢在热轧生产过程中存在分层的质量问题,采用DSC热分析试验方法结合钢坯不同位置能谱分析,确定了芯部严重偏析和出钢温度高是造成该问题的主要原因.通过采取强化连铸一冷冷却强度、降低热轧出钢温度等措施,中间坯分层程度明显减轻,分层比例下降明显,黑皮成材率提高约2％.     

氮合金化对马氏体不锈钢00Cr13Ni4Mo回火性能的影响

测定了控氮00Cr13Ni4Mo(S13-4N)与低氮00Cr13Ni6Mo(S13-6)的性能,对比分析了氮元素对00Cr13Ni4Mo的强度、韧性、耐蚀性的影响。力学性能测试结果表明,回火温度≤550℃时,控氮的S13-4N比低氮的S13-6的强度更高,韧性更低;回火温度≥550℃时,规律逐渐变得相反;S13-4N在450℃左右出现回火脆性现象。电化学测试结果表明,S13-6的耐点蚀性能优于S13-4N。XRD和EBSD结果表明,两种钢在550℃以上温度回火时出现逆变奥氏体,600℃附近含量达到最大值,此时的韧性最佳,S13-6中的逆变奥氏体总量多于S13-4N,但形态不同。分析认为:氮比镍稳定奥氏体的能力强,而镍形成逆变奥氏体的能力则更强,逆变奥氏体的含量和稳定性对韧性的影响很大;S13-4N的450℃回火脆性主要是由于碳化物和氮化物的析出引起的。     

Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Formation of Reversed Austenite in Super Martensitic Stainless Steel

The effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the formation of reversed austenite(RA)in super martensitic stainless steel was investigated.RA was found to form in steels without(A)and with(B)deep cryogenic treatment.The volume fraction of RA initially increased and then decreased with increasing tempering temperature over 550-750 ℃for the two steels,which were quenched at 1 050 ℃.In addition,for both with and without deep cryogenic treatment,the RA content reached a maximum value at 650 ℃ although the RA content in steel B was greater than that in steel A over the entire range of tempering temperatures.Furthermore,the hardness(HRC)of steel B was greater than that of steel A at tempering temperatures of 550-750 ℃.From these results,the basic mechanism for the formation of RA in steels A and B was determined to be Ni diffusion.However,there were more Ni-enriched points,a lower degree of enrichment,and a shorter diffusion path in steel B.It needed to be noted that the shapes of the RA consisted of blocks and stripes in both steels.These shapes resulted because the RA redissolved and transformed to martensite along the martensitic lath boundaries when the tempering temperature was 650-750 ℃,and a portion of RA in the martensitic lath divided the originally wider martensitic laths into a number of thinner ones.Interestingly,the RA redissolved more rapidly in steel B and consequently resulted in a stronger refining effect.     

9Cr18Mo马氏体不锈钢的平衡相热力学计算

采用Thermo-Calc热力学计算软件,对9Cr18Mo马氏体不锈钢(%:0.95～1.10C、16.0～18.0Cr、0.4～0.7Mo)平衡析出相M₂₃C₆和铁素体以及非平衡凝固进行了模拟计算分析。结果表明,凝固时9Cr18Mo钢中C、Cr、Mo和Fe偏析都比较严重;C和Cr含量对M23C6析出量以及M₂₃C₆与基体中的Cr、Fe含量有一定的影响;而Mo含量的变化仅对M₂₃C₆析出量以及M₂₃C₆所含Cr、Mo元素有所影响。     

HP13Cr不锈钢工艺实践

天津天管特殊钢有限公司采用电炉出钢钢水与感应炉熔炼合金钢水相兑,通过LF、VOD、模铸工艺生产HP13Cr超低碳不锈钢,分析和检验结果表明,吹氧后碳含量可达0.017%。VOD还原后,Mn、Cr、Si元素的平均收得率分别可达89.4%、98.4%、84.6%,钢锭锻造后的管坯冶金质量均满足技术标准要求。